目的:调查新入职护士共情能力、正念水平与工作投入的现状,并分析三者之间的相关性.方法:采用一般资料问卷、正念注意觉知量表、共情能力量表以及Utrecht工作投入量表对某三甲医院153名新入职护士进行调查.结果:新入职护士工作投入得分为(77.08±18.28)分,处于中等水平.共情能力得分(28.58±5.34)分;正念水平得分为(65.54±12.88)分.共情能力与正念水平呈显著正相关(r=0.204,P<0.05),且与工作投入呈显著正相关(r=0.411,P<0.01).正念水平与工作投入呈显著正相关(r=0.616,P<0.01).共情能力在正念水平和工作投入之间起部分中介作用,占总效应的9.861%.结论:提高新入职护士的共情能力和正念水平可以改善新入职护士的工作投入.
目的:探讨快速康复护理路径在肝包虫手术患者术后快速康复中的应用效果。方法:采用单纯随机抽样法,选取西藏自治区山南市人民医院2017年11月—2019年2月收治的160例肝包虫手术患者为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组80例。对照组患者采用普外科常规护理,试验组在常规护理基础上施行快速康复护理路径护理。比较两组患者术后康复指标、疼痛评分和术后并发症情况。结果:试验组组患者的首次排气、排便时间为(3.77±3.05)、(23.81±17.29) h,早于对照组的(13.27±8.58)、(37.79±18.23) h,差异有统计学意义( t值分别为4.265、4.975; P<0.01);试验组术后2、4、8、24 h疼痛评分(1.08±1.04)、(1.61±0.85)、(1.13±0.70)、(0.26±0.41)分,低于对照组的(2.41±1.20)、(2.94±0.96)、(2.94±0.96)、(1.33±0.90)分,差异具有统计学意义( t值分别为7.501、9.250、13.650、-8.720; P<0.01)。术后试验组发生肺部感染2例(2.50%),对照组发生13例(16.25%),试验组发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ 2=8.901, P<0.01)。 结论:基于快速康复护理路径的标准化护理模式有利于肝包虫病患者术后康复,缩短住院时间,减少术后肺部感染,值得进一步推广。
Objective To investigate the status of subjective well-being and its influencing factors among undergraduate nursing students. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method,557 undergraduate nursing students were investigated by questionnaires including general information questionnaire, Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C( IRI-C) and Index of Well-being Scale. Results The total average score of subjective well-being was (10. 43 ± 2. 86),and the total average score of empathy was (52. 31 ± 9. 15). There were significant differences in gender, grade, the student cadres and single-parent families ( t= -3. 79, 172. 97, 2. 52, -2. 56, 4. 07, respectively;P<0. 05). The global empathy, dimension of perspective taking, imagine, sympathy and care were positively related to subjective well-being (r =0. 10, 0. 14, 0. 10, 0. 20,respectively;P <0.05),and the dimension of personal distress was negatively related to subjective well-being (r= -0. 17,P<0. 05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the impact factors of subjective well-being were gender, grade, the dimension of sympathy and care, personal distress. Conclusions In order to improve the subjective well-being of the undergraduate nursing students, the educator should help them with targeted guidance in their different stages.
自理理论( serf-care theory )是由美国著名的护理理论学家奥瑞( Dorothea Orem )在1971年出版的《护理:实践的概念》一书中正式提出的[1]。目前该理论在慢性病领域得到了广泛的应用[2]。癌症已被视为一种慢性疾病管理[3]。近年该理论在癌症中逐渐被应用[4],对提高癌症患者的生活质量及恢复患者的个人尊严和自身价值有重要的作用[5-6]。但干预后效果评价没有统一,尤其是对化疗与非化疗患者。笔者将国内外癌症患者自我护理干预效果评价进行整理、归纳,比较了干预后评价的结局变量与自护能力相关量表的异同,旨在为临床实践与研究提供参考依据。现综述如下。