采用田间试验研究了288 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯乳油防除小麦田主要阔叶杂草的效果,及杂草防除后对氮、磷、钾及水分的影响.结果表明,施用288 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯乳油防除小麦田杂草效果显著,对猪殃殃(Galium aparine L.)、牛繁缕[Malachium aquaticum(L.)Fries]和大巢菜(Vicia sativa L.)均有良好防效,60 d后综合鲜重防效达90.3％～99.9％.杂草防除后,显著降低了杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗,有效改善了田间的水肥条件.288 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯乳油处理的小麦田产量达3162.3～3401.7 kg/hm2,与清水对照相比增产效果显著,增产达23.0％～32.3％,每公顷增收1358.84～1909.46元.

以12种杀菌剂、4种植物原液为试材,研究其对葡萄霜霉病的田间防效,并用6种杀菌剂对菌丝进行毒力测定,以期为葡萄霜霉病防治提供参考依据.结果 表明:不同杀菌剂对葡萄霜霉病的抑制作用存在差异,对菌丝抑制作用EC50值依次为85％波尔·甲霜灵(0.442 2 mg·L-1)＜18.7％烯酰·吡唑酯(0.711 9 mg·L-1)＜57％烯酰·丙森锌(0.778 9 mg·L-1)＜72％霜脲·锰锌(1.608 9 mg·L-1)＜50％烯酰吗啉(2.381 1 mg·L-1)＜80％福美双(15.619 0 mg·L-1).60％唑醚·代森联、57％烯酰·丙森锌、68％精甲霜·锰锌、72％甲霜·锰锌、18.7％烯酰·吡唑酯、2％辣椒液等大田防效好,持续时间长,防效均达60％以上,其中72.2％霜霉威盐酸盐1 000倍液防效最好,3次用药后达到100％.50％烯酰吗啉、23.4％双炔酰菌胺防效较差,不建议使用.

The 10 different grape varieties were used to study the photosynthetic characteristics of grape. The net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and leaf temperature of grape leaves were determined by using the Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system in this paper. The results showed that the photosynthetic characteristics of different grape varieties were significant differences. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content of Fujiminori and Victoria were higher than the others. The intercellular CO2 concentration of Fujiminori and Victoria were lower than leading variety in Liangshan.

The weeds control efficacy of 20% bispyribac-sodium SC and subsequent effects on absorption of N, P, K and moisture were studied in the direct seeded rice field. The results showed that 20% bispyribac-sodium SC had good control on Cyperus difformis L., Monochoria vaginalis(Burm.F.), Eclipta prostrala L. and Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv, which the control effects were 96.35%~100.00%, 95.39%~100%, 85.42%~100% and 68.72%~94.89% respectively. There was a negative correlation between the weed control effects and absorption of nutrition and moisture. With the weeds control, the light penetration rate and water and nutrient conditions were significantly improved, resulting in prominant yield enhancing.

The grape variety of Hongti was used to study the influence of rainproof cultivation on photosynthetic characteristics of grape leaves by using the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system in this paper.The results showed that there were highly significant differences on the net photosynthetic rate,the intercellular CO2 concentration of grape leaves and the in-chamber quantum sensor under rainproof cultivation and at outdoor. The leaves infected percentage of net photosynthetic rate was reduced by 14.06%,the intercellular CO2 concentration was decreased by 7.46%,and the in-chamber quantum sensor was also reduced by 41.72%under rainproof cultivation.The transpiration rate of grape leaves and leaf temperature had no significant differences under two growing conditions ,which were only by 0.50%and 0.71%.