BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common among adolescents and young adults and remains difficult to detect early using conventional approaches. machine learning (ML) has increasingly been applied to develop prediction models for NSSI.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that developed ML models for NSSI prediction, as defined by the original study authors. Multiple databases were searched from inception to June 28, 2025. Model performance, including the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, was synthesized using a bivariate random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST+AI.ResultsTwelve studies involving 33,366 participants were included. In the primary model-level analysis, ensemble models showed relatively favorable pooled discrimination, with a pooled AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.86), sensitivity of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68–0.85), and specificity of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.58–0.84). Single models showed lower performance (AUC: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.64–0.72). Only one study evaluated a deep learning (DL) model (AUC = 0.70), and this estimate should therefore be interpreted cautiously. Across all 19 models, the pooled AUC was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71–0.79). Substantial heterogeneity was observed, and the apparent advantage of ensemble models was not sustained in the study-level sensitivity analysis. Most studies were judged to be at high risk of bias in the analysis domain.ConclusionsML models show promise for identifying NSSI-related risk, but current evidence supporting true prospective prediction remains limited. The evidence base is constrained by substantial heterogeneity, a high risk of bias, and the predominance of cross-sectional studies. Prospective multicenter studies with external validation and standardized reporting are needed before ML-based models can be translated into clinical or public health practice.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251075613, identifier: CRD420251075613.

Abstract Purpose Eating disorders (EDs) among women of childbearing age (WCBA; defined by the World Health Organization as women aged 15–49 years) have emerged as a significant public health concern on a global scale. This study aims to explore the patterns and trends of EDs—specifically anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), as defined by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021—among WCBA from 1990 to 2021. Methods Using data from the GBD Study 2021, we quantified the disease burden using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR). Temporal trends were assessed via the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Relationships between socioeconomic development and burden were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation with the Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Future trends were projected using a Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model. Results In 2021, the global burden of EDs in WCBA reached 2,035,736 DALYs (95% UI: 1,229,250–3,188,529). From 1990 to 2021, the global ASDR rose from 93.45 to 106.05 per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of 0.48 (95% CI 0.44–0.52). BN consistently imposed a higher burden than AN. ASDR was positively correlated with SDI (r = 0.808, P < 0.001), with high-SDI regions exhibiting the highest burden, while the middle-SDI quintile and the East Asian region showed the most rapid increases. By 2035, the global ASDR is projected to reach 109.84, with peak burdens shifting toward the 20–29 age group. Conclusions The global burden of EDs among WCBA is substantial and increasing, particularly in rapidly urbanizing and high-income regions. Given the intersection of EDs with reproductive health, integrated screening within obstetric and gynecological care is urgently needed. Public health strategies should prioritize BN and regions undergoing rapid socioeconomic transition to mitigate this escalating crisis. Level of evidence Level IV, evidence obtained from multiple time series (descriptive time-trend analysis).

Background:Migraine is a leading neurological disorder among children and adolescents. Its high prevalence and risk of chronic progression significantly reduce quality of life and are linked to mental health issues and learning difficulties. Despite available diagnostic standards and treatments, global challenges remain, including underdiagnosis and unequal healthcare access, especially in developing countries where health systems are unprepared for rising cases. Analyzing long-term patterns and contributing factors of pediatric migraine is crucial for improving healthcare planning and prevention strategies. Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), this study analyzed migraine epidemiology in 5-19-year-olds across 204 countries and territories during 1990-2021. Disease burden trends were quantified through age-standardized rates (ASR) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC). Regions were categorized into five distinct tiers according to the Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Furthermore, a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was implemented to project disease burden trends through 2035. Results:From 1990 to 2021, global migraine cases among children and adolescents increased from 165,687,027.67 to 205,729,235.09, marking a 24.17% rise, with disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) growing by 24.38%. Low-middle SDI regions bore the heaviest disease burden, reporting 65,004,285.01 cases in 2021-triple that of high SDI regions. Females exhibited significantly higher prevalence, incidence, and DALYs than males. Trend analysis revealed declining disease burden in low-middle SDI regions but rising rates in high SDI regions. Despite projected declines in global age-standardized migraine prevalence, incidence, and DALYs by 2035, adolescents aged 15-19 are still anticipated to face disproportionately high disease burdens. Conclusion:The burden of migraine among children and adolescents exhibits significant geographical and gender heterogeneity, necessitating targeted optimization of healthcare resource allocation. Strengthening primary care diagnostic capacity, promoting standardized treatment guidelines, and prioritizing disease prevention and control in low-income regions are critical to alleviating the global burden.

BackgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. A core cognitive deficit in ADHD is executive function (EF) impairment, which significantly impacts daily life. Methylphenidate (MPH) is a widely used first-line treatment for ADHD, but objective biomarkers to assess treatment response are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MPH on executive function and identify potential neural biomarkers of response in children with ADHD using electroencephalogram (EEG).MethodsA total of 26 boys with ADHD (mean age 8.64 ± 1.30 years) participated in the study. All participants were treated with 18 mg/day of oral extended-release MPH in the morning for 8 weeks. Executive function was assessed using the BRIEF2 and Digit Span Test (DST), and event-related potentials (ERP) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of MPH treatment.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of MPH treatment, significant improvements were observed in several executive function domains. BRIEF2 scores, including inhibition, self-monitoring, shifting, emotional control, initiation, working memory, planning/organization, task monitoring, and material organization, were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Behavioral performance in the Go/NoGo task also improved, with shorter correct response times and higher accuracy rates (P = 0.002, P = 0.009). EEG results revealed a reduction in Nogo-P300 latency at Fz, Cz and Pz compared to baseline (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe normalization of P300 latency following MPH treatment appears to be a reliable neural biomarker of positive treatment response in children with ADHD. MPH was associated with improvements in executive function, particularly in inhibitory control and working memory.

People with epilepsy (PWE) frequently experience sleep disturbances that can severely affect their quality of life. Depression is also a common symptom in the PWE population and can aggravate sleep problems. However, the interplay between epilepsy, depression, and sleep disturbances is not yet fully understood. Our study was designed to investigate the association between epilepsy and sleep disturbances in US adults and to determine whether depressive symptoms play a mediating role in this relationship. We examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning January 1, 2015, to March 2020, before the pandemic.A total of 10,093 participants aged ≥ 20 years with complete data on epilepsy and sleep disturbance were included. Weighted multiple logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to explore the associations among depression, epilepsy, and sleep disturbance. Interaction effects of epilepsy with various covariates were also investigated. Epilepsy was associated with depression and sleep disturbances. Weighted logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between epilepsy and sleep disturbances (OR = 3.67, 95

Background Currently, objective biomarkers of methylphenidate (MPH) for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are lacking. Many symptoms of ADHD are associated with impaired executive function. We investigated the effects of MPH on executive function based on an electroencephalogram (EEG) and looked for biomarkers of responsiveness to methylphenidate in ADHD. Methods Twenty-two children with ADHD (18 males, 4 females; mean age 8.72 ± 1.46 years). All patients were treated with oral MPH 18 mg/day in the morning for 8 weeks. Executive function assessment and event-related potential (ERP) acquisition were completed at baseline and after 8 weeks of MPH treatment. Results We found that the BRIEF2 multiple factor scores in children with ADHD were significantly reduced after treatment with MPH (P < 0.05). The correct response time was lower than that at baseline, and the correctness rate was higher than that at baseline (P = 0.011, P = 0.016). Nogo-P300 latency at Fz was shorter than that at baseline (P < 0.001), and the latency at Pz was shorter than at baseline (P < 0.001). Conclusions Normalization of the P300 components by MPH is a predictor of efficacy in children with ADHD who respond positively to this treatment. Thus, MPH can improve executive function deficits.

BackgroundCerebral folate transport deficiency (CFD) is a rare neurological disease characterized by a deficiency in 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) in the cerebrospinal fluid, with a normal peripheral total folate level. Late infantile-onset refractory seizures, ataxia, movement disorders, hypotonia, developmental delays, and developmental regression characterize CFD. Some patients present with visual and hearing impairments and autism-like manifestations. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features, diagnostic approach, and therapeutic outcomes in siblings with CFD due to FOLR1 variants, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.Case presentationWe reported the cases of two siblings with CFD caused by a new variant in FOLR1. They presented with intractable epilepsy, developmental regression, and ataxia, and the younger sibling developed autism. Whole-exon sequencing revealed a c.148G>A homozygous variant, resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence (p.Glu50Lys). Low 5-MTHF levels were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid.ConclusionsThis report illustrates that CFD was caused by FOLR1 variants in two siblings. They had intractable epilepsy, developmental regression, and ataxia, and a diagnosis of CFD was confirmed by a c.148G>A (p.Glu50Lys) variant in FOLR1, a new pathogenic variant in FOLR1. Early diagnosis is essential and can improve outcomes in affected patients.

BackgroundIn public health emergencies， medical staff undertake many important tasks. Having a good mental health status and capability in popularization of science can improve the work efficiency of medical staff， and thus enhancing the public's trust and support for medical care.ObjectiveTo investigated the anxiety， insomnia and security level of medical staff under the public health emergency， and to explore the correlation between anxiety and capability in popularization of science of them.MethodsFrom June 1 to September 1， 2020， a total of 588 medical staff in Sichuan Province were investigated through the Questionnaire Star platform. The survey included a self-designed general information questionnaire， the Psychological Security-Insecurity Questionnaire （S-I）， Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Athens Insomnia Scale （AIS） and science popularization questionnaire during the COVID-19 epidemic. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation among SAS， S-I and AIS scores， as well as the correlation between SAS and the science popularization questionnaire during the COVID-19 epidemic.ResultsDuring the public health emergency， the S-I score of the medical staff was （27.46±9.20）， with 21 cases （3.57%） having a low level of security. The SAS score was （44.21±9.57）， with 208 cases （35.37%） having anxiety symptoms. The AIS score was （11.40±5.25）， with 450 cases （76.53%） suffering from insomnia. Correlation analysis showed that SAS score was negatively correlated with S-I score （r=-0.640， P<0.01）， while positively correlated with AIS score （r=0.618， P<0.01）. There was a negative correlation between the degree of usage about medical staff's science popularization tool and SAS score （r=-0.501~-0.185， P<0.01）. The use of science popularization channels was negatively correlated with anxiety （r=-0.510~-0.232， P<0.05 or 0.01）. There was a negative correlation between the level of trust to popularization of science and medical staff anxiety （r=-0.548~-0.338， P<0.01）.ConclusionUnder the public health emergency， the detection rates of anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders among medical staff are high， and anxiety is negatively correlated with medical staff's capability in popularization of science. ［Funded by Sichuan Mianyang Psychological Growth Guidance and Research Center for Minors Funded Project （number， SCWCN2020YB11）］.

ObjectiveTo explore the application value of event-related potential P300 in the evaluation of cognitive dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury.MethodsFrom January to September 2021， a total of 36 patients with traumatic brain injury who were conservatively treated in the Neurosurgery Department of the Third Hospital of Mianyang and met the diagnostic criteria were selected as the experimental group. And 36 participants were recruited from the family members and carers of other patients in the hospital as the control group. Oddball paradigm was used to measure the event-related potential P300. Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA） and Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） were used to assess the cognitive function of the subjects. The latency and amplitude of P300， MoCA and MMSE scores were compared between two groups. The detection rates of P300 latency， MoCA and MMSE on cognitive dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury were compared.ResultsMoCA and MMSE scores in experimental group were lower than those in control group ［（18.08±4.29） vs. （27.36±1.20）， （22.53±3.54） vs. （28.11±1.09）， t=-12.510， -9.041， P<0.05］. The latency of P300 in experimental group was higher than that in control group ［（406.08±26.95）ms vs. （367.08±22.50）ms， t=6.665， P<0.05］， and the amplitude was lower than that in control group ［（7.76±0.90）μV vs.（9.87±0.99）μV， t=-9.459， P<0.05］. In experimental group， the positive detective rate of P300 latency and MoCA on cognitive dysfunction were higher than that in MMSE （χ2=5.675， 7.604， P<0.05）.ConclusionEvent-related potential P300 can be used as an objective clinical indicator for evaluating cognitive dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury.

童年创伤作为个体生命早期的压力性生活事件,已经成为一个普遍的公共健康问题,现已有多项研究证实童年创伤会对人类睡眠健康产生短期或长期的不良影响.本文综述童年创伤对成人和儿童青少年睡眠健康的影响的相关研究,探讨童年创伤与创伤后睡眠问题之间的关系及潜在机制,以期能为童年创伤相关的干预措施的制定提供依据.

抑郁症作为一种高发精神疾病,其评估主要依赖患者的临床症状,为提升对这种高发精神疾病的临床干预效果,许多研究者开始寻找可测量的生物标志物.事件相关电位(ERP)作为一种电生理学指标,非常适合对抑郁症患者进行个体化神经认知评估,其中失匹配负波(MMN)和P300是目前研究较多的ERP成分.MMN是一种负向的潜伏期为150～250 ms的ERP成分,能反映前注意加工过程,其神经发生源位于初级听觉皮层和前额叶皮层.MMN振幅下降、潜伏期延长有助于抑郁症的诊断,且与抑郁程度具有相关性,能够反映抗抑郁疗效,可能是抑郁症和双相情感障碍鉴别诊断的生物标志物.P300是由刺激诱发的潜伏期约300 ms的晚期正向波,P300振幅和潜伏期提供了记忆、注意和心理处理速度等认知过程信息.P300振幅的降低反映了抑郁症患者广泛的认知障碍,可提高抑郁症的诊断正确率,还可在一定程度上反应抗抑郁疗效,可能是区分重度抑郁症和双相情感障碍的潜在生物标志物.

Purpose: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric sequelae of stroke. Numerous studies revealed that event -related potentials (ERP) can reflect depression severity to a certain extent, while there is almost no research on depression after hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, we employed a prospective cross-sectional study to explore the relationship between ERP and depression after hemorrhagic stroke.Methods: A total of 74 patients with intracranial hemorrhage were included in this study. Neurological deficits were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission. Depression severity and cognitive impairment were measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) after two weeks of treatment. All patients were conducted auditory Oddball paradigm for event-related potential mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300.Results: In total, 36 patients were diagnosed with PSD at the two weeks of treatment, for a percentage of 48.6%. Depression severity of ICH patients correlated positively with both the latency of MMN (r = 0.376, P = 0.001) and P300 (r = 0.325, P = 0.005), and correlated negatively with both the amplitude of MMN (r=-0.385, P = 0.001) and P300 (r=-0.311, P = 0.007). Depression severity was negatively correlated with cognitive function after hemorrhagic stroke (r=-0.347, P = 0.002).Conclusion: The latency and amplitude of MMN and P300 can well reflect the degree of depression after hemorrhagic stroke, which may help in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of PSD.

目的 探讨中学生童年创伤和失眠与非自杀性自伤(NSSI)的关系,以及失眠在中学生童年创伤与非自杀性自伤间的中介效应.方法 采用童年创伤问卷、失眠严重程度指数、青少年自我伤害问卷对广西南宁市三所中学的学生进行抽样调查,采用SPSSAU 21.0进行统计分析.结果 在3 442名中学生中,NSSI的检出率为31.93％,在年级、性别、家庭经济状况三方面NSSI检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=38.841,P＜0.001;x2=10.524,P=0.001;x2=16.486,P＜0.001);伴NSSI组童年创伤总分及各维度得分、失眠总分高于不伴NSSI组(F值分别为249.029、138.256、65.656、23.316、90.787、279.991、386.503,均P＜0.001);童年创伤与 NSSI 和失眠均呈正相关(r=0.126～0.328,P＜0.010;r=0.113～0.307,P＜0.010),失眠与NSSI呈正相关(r=0.355,P＜0.010),控制人口学资料后相关性仍然存在;控制人口学资料后,童年创伤对NSSI的总效应为0.514(95％CI:0.466～0.562),对失眠的直接效应为0.183(95％CI:0.164～0.202),失眠对NSSI的直接效应为0.634(95％CI:0.552～0.715);失眠在童年创伤与NSSI间的中介效应为0.116(95％CI:0.081～0.153),说明失眠在中学生童年创伤与NSSI间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为22.568％.结论 童年创伤既可以直接影响中学生非自杀性自伤行为,也可以通过失眠的中介效应间接影响中学生非自杀性自伤行为.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mental health condition of college students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 （COVID-19） ， and to provide accurate basis for their psychological intervention.MethodsThrough the way of electronic questionnaire， questionnaire star as tools， random investigation of college students in a university in Sichuan. Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Somatization Symptom Scale （SSS） were used to evaluate their anxiety， depression and somatization symptoms. At the same time， a self-made questionnaire was used to investigate their styles of help seeking， and the relationships between them.ResultsA total of 551 valid questionnaires were collected， including 4.90% of anxiety symptoms， 28.68% of depression and 17.97% of somatization symptoms. In terms of somatization， the detection rate was higher in urban college students than those in rural （23.35% vs. 13.27%， P<0.05）， non-medical students was higher than medical students （21.40% vs. 13.89%， P<0.05）. Women's SSS score was higher than men's ［（26.51 ± 5.44） vs. （25.27 ± 5.78）］， urban college students' SSS score were higher than rural ［（26.69 ± 5.98） vs. （25.38 ± 5.12）］， and non-medical students’ SSS score were higher than medical students ［（26.65 ± 5.59） vs. （25.21 ± 5.45）］， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Partial correlation analysis showed that SSS score was positively correlated with SAS score （r=0.110， P=0.010） and negatively correlated with SDS score （r=-0.087， P=0.042）. The top three common ways of help-seeking pattern among college students were self-regulation （81.85%）， talking to family or friends （70.78%） and offline psychological counseling （28.31%）.ConclusionUnder the COVID-19 epidemic， the detection rate of depressive symptoms and somatization symptoms of college students is high. The detection rate of somatization symptoms of female， urban and non-medical college students is high. Self-regulation and talking to family or friends are the main psychological styles of help seeking for college students.

青少年是非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为的高发群体,目前关于NSSI发生的神经生物学机制尚不清楚.既往研究表明,NSSI行为的发生可能与额叶、岛叶、杏仁核和扣带回等脑区以及它们之间的相关神经环路有关,但目前其发生机制仍无准确定论.结构磁共振相关研究提示,NSSI行为与前扣带回、岛叶、前额叶皮层厚度异常有关.在功能磁共振相关研究中,静息态功能磁共振(rs-fMRI)相关研究提示NSSI行为的患者存在前额叶、杏仁核连接改变,任务态功能磁共振(ts-fMRI)相关研究提示,NSSI行为与自我意识、奖赏环路、疼痛环路异常有关.从脑结构和脑功能的角度分析青少年NSSI行为的神经影像学改变,可为进一步揭示青少年NSSI行为的发生机制提供依据.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy （DBT） in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavioral therapy， in order to provide a reference for the intervention of NSSI behavior in adolescents in China. NSSI behavior is a common mental health threat for adolescents. In recent years， it has become a mental health problem that cannot be ignored worldwide. At present， psychotherapy is mainly used for NSSI behavior. Increasing evidence shows that DBT is effective in reducing NSSI behavior. This article summarizes the effectiveness of DBT in the treatment of NSSI behavior by describing the risk factors of NSSI behavior， an overview of DBT and the efficacy of DBT in the application of NSSI.