为探讨德系西门塔尔牛冻精改良荷斯坦奶牛的后代西荷杂公牛(西门塔尔×荷斯坦)育肥后的生长和屠宰性能、肉质性状的差异,为该品种改良荷斯坦奶牛杂交模式提供基础,本试验分别选取 9 头 22 月龄的西荷杂公牛和荷斯坦奶牛公牛,在相同日粮水平和相同饲养管理条件下饲养 166 d后屠宰,分别测定 2 组公牛的生长性能、屠宰性能及肉质性状.结果表明:西荷杂公牛在空体重、胴体重、净肉重、肉骨比、屠宰率和净肉率上较荷斯坦牛有较大幅度提高,尤其是西荷杂交公牛的特级肉块、高档肉块、优质肉块和一般肉块重高于荷斯坦公牛(P＜0.05),但 2 种牛的一般肉块总重占总肉重的比例差异不显著;在肉质性状方面西荷杂交公牛的背最长肌和股二头肌的蛋白质含量和肌纤维密度高于荷斯坦公牛(P＜0.05),肌纤维剪切力低于荷斯坦公牛(P＜0.05).西荷杂交公牛在胴体性状方面杂交优势明显,在净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率上较荷斯坦牛有较大幅度提高,尤其是肌肉的蛋白质含量增加较为突出,此外,西荷杂交公牛背最长肌和股二头肌肉质较嫩.

对9个热带牧草在个旧干热河谷进行区域种植试验研究.选择平均产量、粗蛋白、相对饲料价值等作为综合评价指标.结果表明:平均干草产量排在前5 名的品种是大黍(Mombasa)、盖世虎尾草(Gallide)、俯仰臂形草(Common)、牧用狗牙根(Common)和大黍(Gatton),分别为 40.002 t/hm2、38.345 t/hm2、36.728 t/hm2、31.609 t/hm2 和29.515 t/hm2.生产性能综合评价指标排在前5 位的是牧用狗牙根(Common)、大黍(Megamax 059)、盖世虎尾草(Gallide)、杂交臂形草(Mulato Ⅱ)和铺地狼尾草(Whittet),属高产、质优、抗性好的优质牧草品种,可在气候相似的区域推广应用.

云南省个旧市畜牧技术推广站在个旧市沙甸区川欣养殖场进行5个玉米品种田间试验,结果显示:青贮玉米禾玉9566表现好,鲜草产量达76500 t/hm2,干重20804 t/hm2.参试的5个玉米品种用于全株青贮,经营养分析,禾玉9566的干物质含量≧33.78、粗蛋白>7.8％、NDF值24.98％、NDF值42.15％、RFV值185.17等方面都比其他品种好,适宜在个旧市及同等海拔的地区推广种植.

试验旨在研究紫花苜蓿鲜草对长大母猪生产性能、血液理化指标、初乳IgG及经济效益的影响,为优化利用紫花苜蓿饲料资源提供依据。试验选择健康和胎次、年龄、历史产仔哺育性能接近的长大二元母猪60头为试验对象,采用完全随机化设计,试猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组在妊娠、泌乳期母猪饲粮中分别添加20%、30%和40%紫花苜蓿鲜草。结果表明:1)在妊娠母猪、泌乳母猪饲粮中添加不同比例的紫花苜蓿鲜草,不同程度地提高了母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、泌乳量及仔猪的初生窝重、初生个体重、21日龄窝重、28日龄断奶成活率,其中30%紫花苜蓿鲜草组显著提高了仔猪21日龄窝重及母猪泌乳量（P＜0.05）;与对照组产后7 d母猪体重相比,各试验组产后21 d、28 d母猪体重减重率较对照组增大（P＞0.05）。2)妊娠母猪阶段,各组间干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪消化率差异不显著（P＞0.05）;泌乳母猪阶段,各组间的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维消化率差异不显著（P＞0.05）,而各试验组的粗脂肪消化率显著或极显著高于对照组。3)在妊娠期、泌乳期母猪饲粮中添加20%、30%、40%的紫花苜蓿鲜草,3个试验组的血清尿素氮均低于对照组,其中30%紫花苜蓿鲜草组显著或极显著低于对照组;3个试验组的血清总蛋白均高于对照组,30%、40%紫花苜蓿鲜草组显著或极显著高于对照组;3个试验组的血糖低于对照组,其中泌乳母猪30%、40%的紫花苜蓿鲜草组显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;3个试验组血清中的甘油三酯有所降低,其中30%紫花苜蓿鲜草组极显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）;3个试验组的血清IgG均高于对照组,30%、40%紫花苜蓿鲜草组极显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）;妊娠期、泌乳期相比,3个试验组的血清尿素氮、总蛋白、血糖、甘油三酯差异不显著（P＞0.05）,而泌乳期血清IgG均极显著高于妊娠期IgG（P＜0.01）。4)各试验组初乳中的IgG均有所提高,30%、40%紫花苜蓿鲜草组的IgG极显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）。结果显示,在妊娠母猪、泌乳母猪饲粮中添加不同比例的紫花苜蓿鲜草,提高了母猪的生产性能,改善了血液和初乳理化指标,节本增效明显。在该试验条件下,推荐紫花苜蓿鲜草替代妊娠、泌乳母猪饲粮的适宜比例为30%~40%。

This experiment was to study the effect of alfalfa grass on the growth performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.Sixty healthy growing-finishing pigs with the same height of 60 kg were randomly allo-cated to 4 treatments with 3 replicates of 5 pigs per replicate.The control group was not fed with the alfalfa grass,while 10%,15% and 20% proportion of alfalfa grass were added in the diet of the pigs in 3 experimental groups,respectively.Results showed that there was no significant difference in average gain and average daily gain between the experimental groups(P>0.05).With the increasing of the proportion of alfalfa grass,the feed con-version ratio increased,and the 20% proportion of alfalfa grass group was significant higher thanthe 10% propor-tion of alfalfa grass group (P<0.05).The feed costs per kilogram weight of the 10%,15%,20% proportion of alfalfa grass groups decreased 13.43%,12.21%and 14.24%than the control group,respectively.With the adding propor-tion increasing,the dry matter digestibility decreased,the 20% proportion of alfalfa grass group was extremely sig-nificant lower than the control group(P<0.01).With the adding proportion increasing,the crude protein digestibility decreased,the control group was the highest,and was extremely significant higher than the 3 experimental groups (P<0.01).With the adding proportion increasing,the crude fiber digestibility rate increased,the 20% proportion of alfalfa grass group was the highest,and was extremely significant higher than the control group and the 10% pro-portion of alfalfa grass group (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in serum total protein,blood glucose,to-tal cholesterol,triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the four groups (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in serum urea nitrogen between the control group and the 10% and 20% proportion of alfalfa grass groups (P>0.05),but the control group was significant higher than the 15% proportion of alfalfa grass group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the 3 experimental groups (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in dressing percentage,skin rate,rate of bone,average backfatthickness,backfatthickness of 6~7 rib,eye muscle area,thickness of skin,body length,body straight length and before,middle and behind body of carcass weight between groups (P>0.05).Lean meat rate of 3 experimental groups were higher than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference (P>0.05).Fat meat rate of 3 experimental groups were lower than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference (P>0.05).There was no significant difference inthe length and weight of small intestine,the length and weight of large intestine,the weight of kidney,heart,lung and bladder between groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference instomach weight between 3 experimen-tal groups (P>0.05),but they were greater than the control group,and the 10% and 20% proportion of alfalfa grass groupwere significant higher than the control group (P<0.05).There were no significant difference in liver weight between the 3 experimental groups(P>0.05),but they were significant lower than the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the color of the meat,marble,cooked meat rate,water loss rate,water loss and pH1, pH2 between groups(P>0.05).There were no significant difference in the crude protein of longest back muscle be-tween 3 experimental groups (P>0.05),but they were higher than the control group,and the 10% proportion of al-falfa grass groupwere significant higher than the control group (P<0.05).There were no significant difference in-crude fat,moisture,dry matter between groups(P>0.05).The results showed that growing-finishing pigs diet adding different proportion of alfalfa grass,improved the growing-finishing pigs weight,decreased the feed cost and had no adverse effect on the physical and chemical indices,and partlyreduced back fat thickness,improved the lean meat rate and the carcass quality.Under this experimental condition,the alfalfa grass alternative diet appropriate adding ratio was 15%.

This experiment was to study the effect of alfalfa grass on the growth performance and physical and chemical indexes of blood of piglets,sixty healthy DLY ternary hybrid piglets with 20 kg height were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 3 replicates of 5 pigs per replicate.The control group were not fed with the alfalfa grass,5%,10% and 15% proportion of alfalfa grass were added in the diet of 3 experimental groups.Results showed that when adding different proportion of alfalfa grass,the average daily gain were higher than that of the control group,and the 5%,10% proportion of alfalfa grass groups were significant higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).With the increasing of the proportion of alfalfa grass,the feed conversion ratio increased,but there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05).The feed cost per kilogram weight gain of the 15%proportion of alfalfa grass groupwas the lowest (7.90 Yuan),and the 15%proportion of alfalfa grass group was the highest (8.17 Yuan).With the adding proportion increasing,the dry matter digestibility decreased,the 15%proportion of alfalfa grass group was the lowest,and it was extremely significantly less than the other groups (P<0.01).With the adding proportion increasing,the crude protein digestibility rate decreased,the 15% proportion ofalfalfa grass group was the lowest,and it was extremely significantly less than the other groups (P<0.01).With the adding proportion increasing,the crude fiber digestibility decreased,and the 3 experimental groups were extremely significant less than the control group (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in serum total protein,total cholesterol and triglycerides between the four groups (P>0.05).There was no significant differences in serum urea nitrogen between the control group and 3 experimental groups (P>0.05),and the 15% proportion of alfalfa grass group was extremely significant higher than the 5% proportion of alfalfa grass group (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in blood sugar between the control group and 3 experiment groups (P>0.05),and the 15%proportion of alfalfa grass groupwas significantly higher than the 10% proportion of alfalfa grass group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in high density lipoprotein between the 10% and 15% proportion of alfalfa grass groups (P>0.05),but they were significantly higher than the control group and the 5% proportion of alfalfa grass group (P<0.05).The results suggested that piglet diet,partly adding different proportion of alfalfa grass, promoted the weight gain of piglets and had no adverse effect on the physical and chemical indices.Under this experimental condition,it was recommended that the alfalfa grass alternative diet appropriate ratio was 5%~10%.

介绍了病害猪无害化处理的概念，分析了存在的生猪定点屠宰厂无害化处理设备不够完善、补偿的不合理性带来的负面影响和不安定因素增加等问题，提出了加强立法、加强屠宰厂配套设施建设及人员培训、资金保障和强化社会监督等对策。