Diagnosing the structural imbalance between ecological assets and operational capacity is essential for reconciling wellness tourism with conservation at the micro-county scale. This study evaluates seven candidate sites in Songxi County, China, using an integrated PEEST-InVEST framework. Forest therapy potential is quantified by coupling InVEST-derived habitat metrics with a hybrid AHP-Entropy Weight-TOPSIS methodology. Results confirm an “Ecological Foundation” weighting, with the “Habitat Quality Index” (7.292%) as the primary driver. However, site ranking reveals a critical Resource-Performance Mismatch: top-tier suitability is achieved not by ecological supremacy, but through superior management and infrastructure. Analysis of obstacle factors delineates two constraint typologies: Service Lag (Type I) in lower-tier sites and Ecological Ceiling (Type II) in high-tier sites where the ecological substrate becomes the limiting “short board.” This finding elucidates the spatial decoupling of ecological supply from service capacity and advocates a paradigm shift toward a “Diagnose-Rank-Prescribe” model of precision management. Differentiated strategies are proposed, emphasizing active ecological restoration for mature sites to align natural capital with service capabilities. This study provides a replicable, quantitative framework for evidence-based planning of forest therapy bases globally.

Forest aboveground live biomass carbon storage (hereafter referred to as “forest carbon storage”) is an important indicator of forest vegetation carbon sequestration, and its spatial patterns and associated factors are highly heterogeneous. Identifying these variations can improve the understanding of carbon accumulation in complex mountain forests and support fine-scale carbon assessment in similar ecosystems. The results showed the following. (1) The total forest carbon storage in the study area was 3.75 × 106 t C, with a carbon density of 44.83 t C·hm−2. Pinus massoniana and hard broad-leaved tree species were the main contributors, and carbon storage peaked at the mature forest stage. (2) Carbon storage exhibited significant spatial clustering (Moran’s I = 0.312), with high-value areas concentrated within the national nature reserve and low-value areas distributed in regions with frequent human activities. (3) The GWR model outperformed the ordinary least squares model, with R2 increasing to 0.88 and residual spatial autocorrelation reduced by 42.22%. (4) The positive effect of stand volume increased from northeast to southwest, the effect of stand age differed between eastern and western areas, and shrub layer height, soil depth, and slope exhibited region-specific positive and negative effects, with significant interactions among factors.

Soil fungal communities play a critical role in the promotion of nutrient cycling and the stabilization of ecosystem functions in subtropical forests. Yet, clarifying the relationships between soil fungal diversity and microclimate variability along an elevational gradient, as well as understanding the driving mechanisms of their variations in subtropical forests, remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we recorded the composition and soil fungal diversity along an elevational gradient in Daiyun Mountain of China, aiming to elucidate the primary factors influencing the structure of the dominant soil fungal along an elevational gradient in subtropical forests. The results showed that (1) the dominant phylum of soil fungi at different elevations were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota (relative abundance > 10%) and Zygomycota (relative abundance > 1%). The Simpson index of soil fungi showed a clear upward trend along the elevational gradient, while no significant difference was observed in the other indices, and both overall reached their maximum value at the elevation of 1200 m. (2) The mean annual soil temperature and moisture, soil pH and available phosphorus were the main factors driving the dominant soil fungal along the elevational gradient. (3) Co–occurrence network analyses revealed a distinct modular structure of dominant soil fungal communities at different elevations, with Ascomycetes identified as the key taxa in fungi network relationships. Our research holds ecological significance in understanding the pivotal role of soil environmental factors in shaping the complex composition and interactions within soil fungal communities.

In recent years, as civilization and human society have progressed, the potential and innovative capacity of various sectors of forest therapy have increasingly been recognized. However, the landscape of forest therapy is characterized by significant disparities in its distribution and uneven development patterns. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing the distribution of forest therapy bases is crucial for optimizing the organization and allocation of resources within this industry, thereby promoting the growth of the forest therapy bases. This research delves into the spatial arrangement of forest therapy bases within Fujian Province, southern China. This study employs the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, kernel density index, scale index, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and redundancy analysis to identify the primary factors influencing the geographical distribution of the bases. The study reveals three key findings about the spatial distribution of forest therapy bases in Fujian Province: (1) Centers are predominantly located in Nanping and Sanming, with a development pattern moving eastward and southward from Jianning and Taining in Sanming. (2) An imbalance is evident in the distribution, where areas with higher center concentrations exhibit a stronger spatial autocorrelation, characterized by high-density clusters. (3) Economic and environmental variables substantially affect center placement. At the municipal level, GDP, number of tourists, and forest coverage are significant. Conversely, at the district or county level, determinants include forest coverage, number of primary and secondary school students, forest land area, and GDP. Thus, it is suggested that the selection of bases for future forest therapy and the development of related industries should take into account local economic, environmental, and social factors. It aims to offer a scientific basis for planning forest therapy, potentially spreading its benefits to more areas.

The formation of a canopy gap results in changes to the microenvironment which, in turn, affect litter decomposition and nutrient release. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects in differently sized gaps and non-gaps remain poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we selected three large gaps (above 150 m2), three medium gaps (50–100 m2), three small gaps (30–50 m2), and three non-gaps with basically the same site conditions. We then used the litter bag method to investigate leaf and branch litter decomposition over a year in a Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest with the aim of characterizing the litter mass remaining and the nutrient release in canopy gaps and non-gaps. Our results revealed that the remaining litter mass of leaf and branch litter was lower in medium gaps compared to other gaps, and leaf litter decomposed faster than branch litter. Environmental factors were identified as the primary drivers of total carbon and nitrogen release during litter decomposition. Gap size (canopy openness), taxonomic Margalef index, the Brillouin index of soil microbes, soil total nitrogen content, soil pH value, and average air temperature were identified as the main factors driving carbon and nitrogen release from branch litter. In the late decomposition stage, the taxonomic Pielou index, soil total potassium content, soil water content, and average relative air humidity were the main drivers of nutrient release from branch litter. The soil water content and average relative air humidity were also found to be the main factors affecting the nutrient release from leaf litter throughout the different stages of decomposition. Overall, our study highlights the impact of canopy gaps on microenvironmental variation, taxonomic community diversity, and soil microbial functional diversity and how these factors ultimately influence litter decomposition and nutrient release. Our findings provide an important foundation for further research into soil nutrient cycling in subtropical natural forests.

土壤微生物作为森林生态系统的主要分解者,参与土壤养分循环,在维持土壤生态系统功能和服务中发挥着重要作用.探讨不同海拔土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性的季节变化,对维持土壤生态系统稳定具有重要研究价值.以戴云山南坡不同海拔土壤为研究对象(900-1500 m),采用Biolog-ECO微平板法,研究不同海拔土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性的季节变化(夏季与冬季),揭示驱动戴云山不同海拔土壤微生物季节变化的主要因素.结果表明:(1)夏季海拔1400 m区域土壤微生物的碳源利用最强,微生物活性最高.冬季表现为海拔900 m处土壤微生物对碳源利用最强,活性最高.(2)土壤微生物群落对碳源利用特征的研究表明,夏季与冬季中氨基酸类和羧酸类碳源是7个海拔土壤微生物利用的主要碳源,且夏季碳源利用程度高于冬季.(3)冗余分析表明夏季和冬季戴云山南坡7个海拔土壤微生物群落功能多样性均受土壤环境因子驱动,解释量分别为72.63％和44.12％,均高于地形因子的解释量.(4)土壤温度和全钾含量等因子是驱动夏季土壤微生物群落功能多样性变化的主要因素;土壤全钾、全磷、有效磷含量和坡向是驱动冬季土壤微生物群落功能多样性变化的主要因素.海拔和季节变化通过调节土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性,进而影响森林土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性.

土壤微生物作为森林生态系统主要驱动力,是影响生态系统物质循环和养分转化的重要因素.探讨不同海拔和季节森林土壤微生物群落的分布规律,对理解土壤生态过程和预测土壤生态系统功能具有重要研究意义.以戴云山南坡不同海拔森林土壤(海拔900～1 500 m)为研究对象,探讨夏季和冬季不同海拔土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性,揭示驱动土壤微生物群落变化的主要因素.结果表明:①夏季土壤微生物群落中革兰氏阳性菌含量最高,冬季土壤真菌含量最高,海拔1 200 m处土壤总磷脂脂肪酸含量均高于其它海拔.随海拔升高,冬季土壤微生物群落中土壤真菌群比细菌群占据更大优势.②冗余分析表明,夏季7个海拔土壤微生物群落磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)含量主要受环境因子和地形因子共同作用,累计解释量达56.72％;冬季土壤微生物群落磷脂脂肪酸含量主要受环境因子驱动,单独解释量达52.23％,环境因子和地形因子累计解释量为55.37％.③土壤全碳含量、土壤pH和多酚氧化酶是驱动夏季土壤微生物群落变化的主要因子;土壤有效磷、全钾、全碳含量和土壤pH是驱动冬季土壤微生物群落变化的主要因子.

研究高寒地区土壤饱和导水率分布特征及其影响因素可为评估脆弱生态系统水源涵养能力和构建区域水文模型提供参数.通过测定青海省东部南北样线24个样点(0—30 cm)土壤基本理化性质和饱和导水率(Ks),分析了不同土地利用方式下Ks分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:Ks均值表现为林地(1.89 cm/h)>草地(1.62 cm/h)>农地(1.4110 cm/h),其中农地Ks(0.10～3.92 cm/h)随着土层深度增加逐渐减小,而林地(0.28～7.69 cm/h)和草地Ks(0.10～5.34 cm/h)随土层深度增加表现为先增加后减小.不同利用方式下Ks均与pH、容重、孔隙度、黏粒含量、有机质含量及饱和含水量显著相关(P<0.05).利用多元回归分析获得了农地以总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和饱和含水量为输入因子的Ks传递函数,林地以毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度为输入因子的Ks传递函数和草地以容重、非毛管孔隙度和饱和含水量为输入因子的Ks传递函数.研究结果可为其他高寒地区不同土地利用方式下Ks的模拟和预测提供参考.

为探讨黄土高原地区苹果种植的适宜性分布特征,在地理信息技术的支持下,采用层次分析法,以永寿县作为研究对象,从立地条件、土壤类型、肥力水平3个方面建立了评价体系,并对各项指标建立相应隶属函数,对渭北高原优质苹果种植的适宜性进行定量评价.结果表明:永寿县苹果种植高度适宜区、适宜区、勉强适宜区和不适宜区所占面积分别为6 835 hm2、8 656 hm2、17 308 hm2、4 141 hm2,分别占农用地总面积的18.50％、23.43％、46.85％、11.21％;永寿县农用地对发展苹果种植的适宜性总体较高,且仍有较大的发展空间,适宜性较高的地块主要分布在土壤肥力较好,坡度海拔较缓的南部塬区和中部沟壑区;最终总结了永寿县苹果种植总体适宜性分布规律,并针对不同的苹果适宜区域提出了相应的发展建议.

为摸清泥河沟流域生态系统在综合治理近30 a后的敏感性,基于GIS与多因子综合评价相结合的方法,对其生态敏感性进行分析评价.结果表明,泥河沟流域生态敏感性总体上表现出沟谷高、塬面低的空间异质性特征,生态系统极度敏感区主要分布于沟谷及沟谷两侧植被盖度低的区域;生态敏感性程度与坡度、起伏度和土壤侵蚀强度呈正相关关系,而与植被覆盖度和人类活动强度呈负相关关系;土壤侵蚀强度和土地利用类型是该流域生态系统最主要的两个影响因素.经过近20 a的自然发展,泥河沟流域生态敏感性得到较明显改善,整体上已处于较低水平,生态环境抗干扰能力增强,趋于更加稳定的状态.研究结果与方法对于重新认识和评价同类小流域生态敏感性及生态环境保护具有一定的参考和借鉴意义.