目的 了解阻碍医务人员报告处理可疑儿童虐待案例的因素,为儿童虐待的进一步规范性管理提供依据.方法 选取湖南、浙江、陕西、广东的妇幼保健院、儿童医院或综合医院的儿科、社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院中的医务人员,采用定性研究方法,面对面进行个人深入访谈.结果 阻碍医务人员报告处理可疑儿童虐待案例的因素分为四大主题:①管理方面:缺乏对儿童虐待的完善的管理机制;②能力方面:缺乏儿童虐待的相关知识和识别处理能力;③态度方面:不认可自己须进行儿童虐待案例的报告处理;④担忧方面:担忧报告对儿童、家庭、医务人员带来不良影响.结论 《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》填补了儿童虐待管理机制的空白,但为促进医务人员对儿童虐待案例的报告处理,还需提高医务人员能力、打消其顾虑.

预防儿童虐待问题日益受到社会的关注.本文从国内已经开展的预防儿童虐待项目入手,简要介绍政府部门在预防与处理儿童虐待案例的经验和做法,分析这些实践经验对未来开展相关工作的借鉴作用和启示.

In May 2007, Beijing Normal University launched a programme of school-based sexuality education for migrant children in Xingzhi Primary School in Beijing. Over the past seven years, the project team has developed a school-based sexuality education curriculum using the International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education published by UNESCO. The team has developed 12 volumes of textbooks for grades 1-6; trained teachers to deliver sexuality education using participatory teaching methods; and involved parents in the sexuality education process. The first group of migrant students to receive the full 6 years of sexuality education graduated in June 2013. Sexuality education in schools is gaining increasing attention and help from many sectors of Chinese society.

关系攻击行为是发生在儿童身上一种常见的、隐蔽的消极行为.一些消极的社会性发展特点(如退缩、低自尊、社会认知发展迟缓等)能预测儿童受到的关系攻击.关系攻击容易引起受害者成长过程中一系列内化、外化的行为问题,而成人、同伴的支持和帮助可以调节攻击导致的心理-社会适应不良.由此,引导儿童保持积极健康的同伴关系,觉察和发现受到关系攻击的儿童,给予他们帮助,减少攻击导致的不良影响,显得至关重要.