目的 观察甲状腺激素受体在阿尔茨海默病(AD)PC12 细胞模型中异常表达.方法 将PC12 细胞扩增,通过MTT法选择浓度为 0、30、40 nmol/L的冈田酸(OA)分别加入培养液中处理 24 h后更换培养液;收集经前述方法处理后的细胞,以Western印迹和免疫荧光检测Aβ表达情况;Western印迹检测tau蛋白磷酸化情况;Western印迹和PCR方法检测经不同浓度OA处理后的PC12 细胞的甲状腺激素受体(THR)α,β及其基因表达情况.结果 与 0 nmol/L OA组相比,30、40 nmol/L 组Aβ蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.001)且 40 nmol/L组表达明显高于 30 nmol/L组(P=0.006),免疫荧光结果显示,30、40 nmol/L OA处理组Aβ蛋白表达明显高于0 nmol/L;30、40 nmol/L OA处理组蛋白磷酸酯酶(PP)2A表达明显下调,磷酸化的tau蛋白(P-tau)表达明显增加,酪氨酸 307 磷酸化的PP2A(PP2Ac-yp307)表达显著升高(P<0.001);40 nmol/L OA处理组细胞THRα、THRβ 蛋白及基因表达均明显升高(P<0.001),30 nmol/L OA处理组仅THRα蛋白,THRβ 蛋白及基因表达明显升高(P<0.001),而THRα基因表达无显著异常(P=0.098).结论 PC12 细胞AD模型中PC12 神经细胞表达THR 蛋白(α、β)及THRβ基因异常升高可能是细胞的一种修复反应,AD的发生诱发了PC12 细胞THR蛋白及基因的高表达.

Background: Studies showed that thyroid function plays an important role in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, changes in brain thyroid hormone and related receptors in the early stage of AD were rarely reported. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the early stage of AD and local thyroid hormone and its receptors in the brain. Methods: The animal model was established by stereotactic injection of okadaic acid (OA) into hippocampal region for the experiment, and 0.9% NS for the control. Blood sample from each mouse was collected and then the mice were sacrificed and the brain tissue was collected for detecting free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroid hormone (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and phosphorylated tau, amyloid-β (Aβ) and thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) in the hippocampus of the mice were detected as well. Results: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that compared with the control, FT3, FT4, TSH and TRH in brain were significantly increased in the experimental group; in the serum, FT4, TSH and TRH were increased, while FT3 had no change; western blot analysis indicated that the expression of THR α and β in the hippocampus of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, a mouse AD model can be established successfully by injecting a small dose of OA into the hippocampus. We speculate that early AD brain and circulating thyroid dysfunction may be an early local and systemic stress repair response.

Objective:To investigate the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles in patients with severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and to explore the effect of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles expression on the severity of CAP and the development of inflammation.Methods:Twenty patients with CAP who were admitted to the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in People′s Hospital of Honghuagang District from April 2018 to April 2019 (including eight cases of severe CAP and 12 cases of common CAP) were randomly selected.The patients were routinely tested for inflammatory indicators such as procalcitonin, blood routine, and C-reactive protein, and the patients were assessed for criticality by biochemical and other laboratory tests.The expressions of NLRP3, interleukin-β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in sputum cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by Western blot.The expression of NLRP3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:The expression of NLRP3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of common CAP group and severe CAP group was higher than that of healthy control group (all P<0.05).The expression of NLRP3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of severe CAP group was higher than that of common CAP group ( P<0.05).The expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in sputum cells of common CAP group and severe CAP group was higher than those of healthy control group (all P<0.05).The expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in sputum cells of severe CAP group was higher than those of common CAP group (all P<0.05).In addition, the expression of IL-1β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of common CAP group was higher than that of healthy control group ( P<0.05).TNF-α expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of severe CAP group was significantly higher than that of common CAP group and healthy control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The expressions of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles are higher in CAP group, especially in severe CAP group, indicating that NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles can represent the degree of inflammatory response or the severity of disease in CAP patients.

目的:以光学方法活体内检测肿瘤细胞端粒酶活性,为肿瘤靶向显像研究提供一种新的方法.方法:以荧光染料Cy5对人端粒酶逆转录酶反义寡核苷酸(human telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligo-nucleotide,hTERT-ASON)进行标记制备hTERT-ASON-Cy5分子探针;建立人黑色素瘤A375细胞荷瘤裸鼠模型,通过尾静脉注射反义探针后在Ivis Spectrum光学成像仪下进行平面成像,以肿瘤(tumor,T)及裸鼠背部皮肤(skin,S)作为感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)计算T/S比值;显像后48 h处死小鼠,对肿瘤进行端粒酶免疫组织化学检测.结果:hTERT-ASON-Cy5可靶向A375肿瘤,T/S比值可达2.15±0.38,A375细胞端粒酶表达呈强阳性,并可被hTERT-ASON所抑制.结论:hTERT-ASON-Cy5可用于活体内端粒酶阳性肿瘤靶向显像研究.

目的:探究采用131I对淡漠型甲亢治疗的效果及护理体会.方法:选取我科收治的5例患者进行相应护理.结果:经有效护理,全部患者均未出现严重不良反应.结论:对淡漠型甲亢患者采用131I进行治疗并采取相应护理措施,能够达到良好效果并显著降低患者不良反应情况.

患者女,59岁,发现颈部包块2 d,无疼痛、吞咽及呼吸困难,既往无颈部射线接触史.体检发现双侧叶甲状腺Ⅰ度肿大,质韧,无压痛,左侧叶下极近峡部约3.0 cm×3.5 cm×1.4 cm包块,质硬、无压痛、表面光滑、边界清、活动欠佳、随吞咽上下活动.患者入院后行血清甲状腺激素水平检测: FT3 3.76 pmol/L, FT4 9.37 pmol/L, TSH 12.21 μIU/ml, TPOAb 859.90 IU/ml,TgAb 1 204.50 IU/ml,PTH 8.00 pmol/L.甲状腺碘代谢试验:2 h为13.4%,4 h为27.8%,24 h为32.8%.血沉13.0 mm/h.超声检查示,甲状腺双侧叶实质回声增粗不均,甲状腺左侧叶低回声实性团块,大小约 2.7 cm×1.4 cm,边界不清,内部回声不均匀,可见数枚点状强回声,肿块内较丰富的点、条状血流信号,颈部淋巴结未见肿大. CT检查示,甲状腺双侧叶增大,密度不均匀,左侧叶甲状腺明显增大,其内可见斑片状钙化影,峡部未见异常,颈部淋巴结未见肿大.术中所见,甲状腺左侧叶中下极见约3.0 cm×4.0 cm灰红色包块,呈实性,质硬,包膜欠完整,与周围组织有粘连.术后行单光子发射计算机断层成像( SPECT)全身骨扫描,结果显示,全身骨骼代谢显像未见异常.左侧甲状腺侵袭性成骨性骨肉瘤,右侧甲状腺桥本氏甲状腺炎(图1).术后5个月,患者行全身骨扫描和SPECT/CT扫描,提示肿瘤局部复发,遂接受化疗2次,放疗3次.至末次随访( 2017年6月7日),患者已生存25个月.

目的 探讨螺旋CT鉴别诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与厚壁型胆囊癌的临床价值.方法 选取2013年5月~2015年12月我院收治的经病理诊断的黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎患者39例、厚壁型胆囊癌患者35例为研究对象,分为胆囊炎组与胆囊癌组,所有患者均接受螺旋CT诊断,判断两种疾病患者螺旋CT的差异.结果 两组患者最大胆囊壁厚度无明显差异(P>0.05);两组胆囊内壁黏膜线、胆囊内壁低密度结节、合并胆管、胆囊结石等有显著差异(P<0.05),胆囊壁增厚范围、厚壁强化方式、淋巴结肿大、厚壁强化程度、临近肝脏浸润、周围脂肪间隙等无明显差异(P>0.05);CT诊断胆囊癌28例、胆囊炎30例,符合率分别为80.00%、76.92%.结论 增厚胆囊壁内低密度结节与完整胆囊内壁黏膜线为诊断鉴别黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与厚壁型胆囊癌的CT征象,通过CT扫描可为临床鉴别胆囊癌与胆囊炎提供依据.

目的:观察CT增强扫描时,减少或减轻患者的不良反应,顺利进行CT增强扫描,提高诊断准确度。方法:选择近年120例行CT增强扫描的患者,根据检查部位、病情、体质、年龄、注射量及速度,选择不同的注射部位及不同造影剂。并及时做好各项护理工作。结果:患者能很好地配合检查。结论:做好心理护理,能使患者很好地配合检查,提高图像质量和诊断准确率。