Objective:To analyze the main epidemic status and risk factors of chronic diseases in Liwan District of Guangzhou, and to provide basis for the formulation of measures to prevent chronic diseases.Methods:In 2018, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct an epidemiological survey among 3831 permanent residents over 18 years old in Liwan District of Guangzhou, including personal questionnaire and physical examination.Results:In Liwan District of Guangzhou, the total prevalence of chronic diseases in residents over 18 years old was 52.7%, and the sequence of chronic diseases was other chronic diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, allergic diseases, kidney diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Among them, the prevalence rate of males (55.5%) was significantly higher than that of females (51.0%) (P＜0.05). The prevalence of major chronic diseases in ≥65 years old population was significantly higher than that in the general surveillance population (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the influence factors for hypertension were family history, salt control, poor sleep quality, overweight or obesity. The influence factors for diabetes were overweight or obesity. The influence factors for hyperlipidemia were family history, salt control, overweight or obesity. Overweight or obesity is a common risk factor, and salt control is a protective factor.Conclusions:The prevalence of chronic diseases in Liwan District of Guangzhou is still at a high level, and the main epidemic diseases are hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, and overweight or obesity are common risk factors. Comprehensive prevention and control measures and strategies should be formulated according to the local epidemic characteristics, focusing on obese people, so as to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of chronic diseases in Guangzhou.

目的 分析2016-2017年广州市荔湾区诺如病毒感染疫情流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据. 方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,收集荔湾区2016年1月-2017年12月诺如病毒感染性腹泻疫情资料并整理分析. 结果 共报告7起诺如病毒感染性腹泻疫情,报告病例207例,总罹患率为2.51％(207/8 247),男女性别比0.90∶1.7起疫情中,6起发生在学校及托幼机构,1起在公司.病例分布具有明显季节性,10月-次年3月是发病高峰,占85.71％.幼托儿童罹患率高于学生及老师.食源性传播和接触传播为主要传播途径. 结论 学校及托幼机构等人群聚集的单位易发生诺如病毒感染性腹泻疫情,应重点针对高危人群开展监测和预防控制措施.

Objective To understand the service capabilities of outpatient clinics of Liwan District and provide solutions for the existed issues. Methods Survey was conducted in 21 outpatient clinics of each sub-district. Statistics of resources distribution, population covered by the service and birth population from 2013 to 2016 were collected for descriptive analysis. Results From2013 to 2016, the number of infants increased year by year. Nevertheless, among all the vaccination outpatient clinics, only the allocation of staff in Dongjiao Subdistrict was more than 1 (1. 70). The rest were lower than 1, which accounted for 95. 2％ (20/21). Until 2016, vaccination staff under 30 years old accounted for 18. 6％ while those over 30 years old accounted for 81. 4％.The staff with junior job title or lower represented 58. 8％. The staff with 5 years' working experience represented 74. 5％ of the whole. The size of vaccination outpatient clinics exceeding 200 m2 accounted for 23. 8％. Waiting rooms with more than 50 chairs and tables represented 19. 0％ and the ones with more than 3 vaccination table accounted for 33. 3％. Vaccination outpatient clinics with more than 5 fridges for the storage of vaccines represented 42. 9％. The only vaccination outpatient clinic digitized was the one in Duobao Subdistrict. Conclusion All the vaccination outpatient clinics were encountered with the problem of staffing including staff allocation, job titles, staff age and inadequate resources of facilities. Therefore, investment in human resources, enforcement of staff training, regulation for the clinic development are the solution for enhancing the service capabilities.

Since March 2013, China had experienced five seasonal epidemics related to Avian influenza A (H7N9). An unprecedented outbreak of H7N9 epidemic started from September 2016, with 730 cases reported till June 30(th) 2017, in mainland China that caused profound influences on both social development and health of the people. As an emerging infectious disease, information on pathogenic characteristics, transmission patterns and other epidemiological features of H7N9 virus somehow remained unclear. Data from previous studies suggested that the live poultry market (LPM) seemed to have served as main places where H7N9 virus got originated, mutated, spread and thus infected the human beings. Hence, closure of LPMs was suggested a major measure to control and prevent H7N9 epidemics in China. However, the effectiveness of different ways of LPM closures on H7N9 epidemics had been controversial. This study systemically summarized the effects of different ways of LPM closures on H7N epidemics from previous studies, aiming to provide references for developing a better program on H7N9 control and prevention in the country.