Objective:To analyze the main epidemic status and risk factors of chronic diseases in Liwan District of Guangzhou, and to provide basis for the formulation of measures to prevent chronic diseases.Methods:In 2018, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct an epidemiological survey among 3831 permanent residents over 18 years old in Liwan District of Guangzhou, including personal questionnaire and physical examination.Results:In Liwan District of Guangzhou, the total prevalence of chronic diseases in residents over 18 years old was 52.7%, and the sequence of chronic diseases was other chronic diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, allergic diseases, kidney diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Among them, the prevalence rate of males (55.5%) was significantly higher than that of females (51.0%) (P＜0.05). The prevalence of major chronic diseases in ≥65 years old population was significantly higher than that in the general surveillance population (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the influence factors for hypertension were family history, salt control, poor sleep quality, overweight or obesity. The influence factors for diabetes were overweight or obesity. The influence factors for hyperlipidemia were family history, salt control, overweight or obesity. Overweight or obesity is a common risk factor, and salt control is a protective factor.Conclusions:The prevalence of chronic diseases in Liwan District of Guangzhou is still at a high level, and the main epidemic diseases are hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, and overweight or obesity are common risk factors. Comprehensive prevention and control measures and strategies should be formulated according to the local epidemic characteristics, focusing on obese people, so as to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of chronic diseases in Guangzhou.

目的 了解2011-2020年广州市荔湾区登革热流行病学特征,为制定控制措施提供依据.方法 从"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"收集2011-2020年广州市荔湾区登革热发病资料,采用描述流行病学方法对登革热的流行病学特征进行分析.结果 2011-2020年广州市荔湾区共报告登革热病例6063例,其中本地病例6021例、输入病例42例,年平均发病率为46.62/10万.最早报告的登革热病例均为输入病例,报告高峰为6-8月,占40.48％(17/42);本地病例报告高峰为9-10月,占85.20％(5130/6021).男女病例比为1∶1.07;年龄分布以20～岁组为主,共4213例,占69.49％;职业分布为家务及待业1275例(占21.03％)、商业服务1189例(占19.61％)、离退人员891例(占14.70％)、其他2708例(占44.66％).42例输入病例中来源于东南亚国家34例,其他地区国家8例.输入病例中均检出4个型别的登革病毒,本地病例中检出3个型别的登革病毒,未检出Ⅳ型.结论 2011-2020年广州市荔湾区登革热仍属于输入疫情引发本地传播的流行模式.输入病例早期及时发现、核酸排查、隔离治疗,为减少登革热本地病例发生的主要措施.

目的 分析2016-2017年广州市荔湾区诺如病毒感染疫情流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据. 方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,收集荔湾区2016年1月-2017年12月诺如病毒感染性腹泻疫情资料并整理分析. 结果 共报告7起诺如病毒感染性腹泻疫情,报告病例207例,总罹患率为2.51％(207/8 247),男女性别比0.90∶1.7起疫情中,6起发生在学校及托幼机构,1起在公司.病例分布具有明显季节性,10月-次年3月是发病高峰,占85.71％.幼托儿童罹患率高于学生及老师.食源性传播和接触传播为主要传播途径. 结论 学校及托幼机构等人群聚集的单位易发生诺如病毒感染性腹泻疫情,应重点针对高危人群开展监测和预防控制措施.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Liwan district of Guangzhou during 2006-2016,and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of dengue fever effectively. Methods Analyze the epidemiological data of dengue fever during 2006-2016 in Liwan district of Guangzhou by descriptive statistical methods . Results A total of 5704 cases of dengue fever were reported ,including 5686 local cases and 18 imported cases . Imported cases were reported in other years except 2006,2008 and 2011. Local cases were reported in other years except 2009,and the annual incidence rates ranged from 0.00 to 497.33/100000. All 22 administrative streets in Liwan district were involved,and the top five streets was Nanyuan(11.75％),Chongkou(7.35％),Shiweitang(7.00％),Jinhua(5.14％),and Zhanqian(5.12％). Local cases were reported from July to December,while imported cases were reported before June. 84.91％of the local cases were reported between September and October which was the peak months for local cases. The male/female ratio is 1:1.05. Every age groups were involved and the most cases were in age 20～59(69.41％). The most occupations included retirees,housework and unemployment,business services etc. Imported cases were mostly coming from southeast Asia countries such as Thailand and Myanmar et al. The type I dengue virus mainly caused the endemic outbreaks. Conclusion The epidemic of dengue fever in Liwan district has the characteristics of the coexistence of local and imported cases,coexistence of sporadic and multipoint outbreaks. Endemic prevalence was mainly caused by imported cases or importer-induced cases. Mosquito control should be carried out as early as possible for comprehensive prevention and control.

目的 分析广州市荔湾区2014年登革热疫情流行病学特征,探讨预防控制措施.方法 对各医院报告的辖区内病例进行流行病学个案调查;采集病例血液样本开展血清学或病原学检测;并划定疫点进行蚊媒调查和病例搜索.结果 广州市荔湾区2014年报告本地登革热病例4 467例,发病率为497.33/10万,1例死亡病例;流行季节为7月上旬-12月中旬,高峰为9月中旬-10月中旬;男女性别比1∶1.05;发病年龄最大为92岁,最小为9d,以中青年为主.疫情覆盖全区22个行政街175个居委;病毒型别为登革Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型并存,以Ⅰ型为主.结论 2014年荔湾区发生高强度的大规模登革热流行,持续时间长,范围覆盖全区.该区存在不利于登革热防控的自然和社会因素.病媒控制不理想是疫情扩散的主要原因.

目的 分析广州市荔湾区2013年登革热疫情流行病学特征,探讨预防控制措施.方法 对各医院报告的荔湾区病例进行流行病学个案调查,采集病例血液样本开展血清学或病原学检测,并划定疫点进行蚊媒调查和病例搜索.结果 广州市荔湾区2013年报告本地登革热病例781例,发病率为86.95/10万,无死亡病例;流行季节为7月下旬至11月下旬,高峰为9月下旬至11月上旬;男女性别比1∶1.14;发病年龄最大92岁,最小2岁,以中青年为主.全区疫情以城乡结合部为主,随后向老城区扩散,最后波及21个行政街,有8个较大暴发点;病毒型别主要为登革Ⅰ型.结论 2013年荔湾区发生登革热大流行,持续时间长,波及范围广,疫情主要发生在城乡结合部.病媒控制不理想是疫情扩散的主要原因.荔湾区存在不利于登革热防控的自然和社会因素.

Objecive To identify the source of infection,route of transmission and risk factors of a cluster of acute gastroenteritis cases in a primary school of Guangzhou.Methods Cases were identified according to the case definition.Descriptive epidemiological approaches and case-control study designs were employed for the analysis.The samples were tested for norovirus by RT-PCR.Results A total of 27 cases of norovirus gastroenteritis were identified in March 28 to 31,2013 and the attack rate was 3.31%(27/816).The peak in morbidity was seen on March 28 at 14:00 to 22:00.Clustering was found in classes.The case-control study revealed that washing hands before meals(OR=0.13,95%CI:0.03~0.63) and wash hands more than 5 times a day(OR=0.26,95%CI:0.10~0.72) were protective factors.A total of 85 samples,including rectal swabs from the patients and Kitchen workers,leftovers and environmental swabs were collected.Five samples were positive for norovirus G Ⅱ detected by RT-PCR.Conclusion This is the acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by the norovirus genotype II-4.It was a foodborne outbreak in which food was contaminated by the asymptomatic kitchen workers who carried the virus.

目的 分析广州市荔湾区2011年流行性感冒(流感)流行特征以及流感流行优势毒株的分布情况,为辖区的流感防控工作提供科学依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对广州市荔湾区2011年流感监测哨点医院流感样病例(ILI)、病原学监测结果进行分析.结果 2家哨点医院监测门诊2011年共接诊病人241 107人次,其中ILI 10 142人次,ILI比例为4.21％.共检测ILI样本446份,检出流感病毒阳性59份,阳性率为13.23％;其中检出新甲型H1N1流感43份、H3 N2流感1份、B型流感15份,分别占72.88％、1.69％和、25.42％.流感优势毒株从4月开始出现转折,从以甲型H1N1流感病毒为主转为以B型流感病毒为主.1月底至2月上旬呈现流行小高峰,峰值ILI比例为7.17％,流行由新甲型H1N1引起.结论 2011年广州市荔湾区流感流行优势毒株亚型呈现一定的变化趋势,流行优势毒株为甲型H1N1和B型,流感流行整体活跃程度低于历史同期水平.

目的 调查广州市荔湾区首例人感染猪链球菌病的感染途径和流行特征,为预防控制疫情提供科学依据.方法 开展流行病学调查,访谈患者、患者家属和接诊医护人员,现场调查患者的病房、病家、工作场所和供货的生猪交易市场,并采集患者脑脊液标本进行细菌培养分离和鉴定.结果 患者男性,56岁,于2010年7月28日发病,临床症状主要有寒战、发热,伴意识模糊、烦躁,不能配合指令动作等,病程进展迅速,脑膜炎症状明显,9月6日经及时治疗痊愈出院.患者脑脊液中分离的细菌经生化鉴定、血清分型和PCR检测结果为猪链球菌Ⅱ型.患者发病前有生猪肉接触史且手部有伤口.结论 该病例为广州市荔湾区首例人感染猪链球菌病(Ⅱ型),感染途径为接触被猪链球菌污染的生猪肉通过伤口而感染.应加强健康教育和培训工作,提高生猪加工人员的防护能力和医务人员的诊治水平.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of the first outbreak of influenza A /H1N1 in vocational school in Liwan District of Guangzhou,and evaluate the prevention and control measures,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control in school.Method Each case was investigated through the field epidemiology according to the "Influenza A /H1N1 monitoring program(first edition)".Collect the throat swab samples of the cases with an onset in recent three days for the influenza A /H1N1 virus nucleic acid detection.and a seven days' medical observation was conducted on the close contacts.Results Epidemic continues 7 days.A total of 36 cases were confirmed cases.Attack rate was 1.68%;male to female ratio was 0.5∶1;boarder to non-resident student ratio was 3.5∶1.Conclusions The outbreak in Liwan District of Guangzhou City played the first A /H1N1 influenza outbreak in vocational school.The infection source was from the community.Prompt isolation of cases and standardized management of close contacts are the effective measures to control Influenza A /H1N1 epidemic.

OBJECTIVE:To conduct serological investigation on H5N1/H9N2/H7N7 infection among people occupied in poultry fields.METHODS:Serum samples were collected from people working in live poultry and none-poultry retailing food markets, poultry wholesaling, large-scale poultry breading factories and in small-scale farms, wide birds breeding, swine slaughtering houses and from normal population. Antibodies of H5, H9 and H7 with hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests were tested and analyzed. Logistic regression and chi(2) test were used.RESULTS:Among 2881 samples, 4 were positive to H5-Ab (0.14%), 146 were positive to H9-Ab (5.07%) and the prevalence of H9 among people from live poultry retailing (14.96%) was the highest. Prevalence rates of H9 were as follows: 8.90% in people working in the large-scale poultry breading factories, 6.69% in the live poultry wholesaling business, 3.75% in the wide birds breeding, 2.40% in the swine slaughtering, 2.21% in the non-poultry retailing, 1.77% in the rural poultry farmers and 2.30% in normal population. None was positive to H7-Ab among 1926 poultry workers.CONCLUSION:The H5 prevalence among people was much lower than expected, but the H9 prevalence was higher. None of the populations tested was found positive to H7-Ab. There was a higher risk of AIV infection in live poultry retailing, wholesaling and large-scale breading businesses, with the risk of live poultry retailing the highest. The longer the service length was, the higher the risk existed.

目的分析广州市荔湾区首起高致病性禽流感疫情应急监测情况,为探讨禽流感疫情预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法按照《人感染高致病性禽流感应急监测方案》,对2008年3月13日广州市荔湾区农贸市场发生的一起H5NI亚型动物高致病性禽流感疫情的密切接触者进行采样、医学观察;对监测医院上报的发热伴流感样症状病例进行追踪和排查,在疫点周围开展入户搜索。结果对19名密切接触者和160名一般接触者进行健康监测未发现发热、咳嗽等异常临床表现。19名密切接触者咽拭子标本H5N1核酸及血标本禽流感病毒H5抗体均为阴性,其中有4份血标本H9抗体呈阳性,3份来自市场鸡档人员,1份来自卫生处理厂工人。6家哨点监测医院共报告门诊流感样病例3971例,未发现不明原因肺炎及疑似人禽流感病例。结论此次广州市荔湾区农贸市场动物高致病性禽流感疫情未造成人群感染。发生高致病性禽流感疫情时,在处理疫点的同时立即开展应急监测,是及时发现病人、切断传播途径、有效控制疫情传播和蔓延的重要措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characters of the outbreak of Dengue fever in Bujiao village, Hailong street,Liwan district of Guangzhou city in 2006 and explore the measures for prevention and control Methods The reported cases using the investigation method.The serum samples were collected from the reported cases for the detec- tion of anti-dengue virus antibodies and dengue virus.The mosquito vector at epidemic spot was investigated and the cases around epidemic spot were searched.Results There was 74 native eases of dengue fever in Bujiaoin village of Liwan district of Guangzhou city in 2006.The incidence rate was 2.65% and no death case was reported.And the peak of epidemic was from the last third of August to the first ten days of Septmher.There was type I dengue virus that caused this outbreak.The male/female ration was 1.47:1.The eldest case was 78 years old and the youngest was 3,and most of the patients were the middle age and 33 patients were from 20 to 39 years old accounting 44.59%.The BI in epidemic district was 93.4 dur- ing the epidemic period,after adopted synthesizing measures of prevention and control,the epidemic situation got a control very quickly.Conclusion Preventing the mosquito propagation and cleaning the environment are the effective methods to control and prevent dengue fever.In future,it is necessary to strengthen the prediction of dengue fever and speed up the re- construction of the villages in the city.

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of Dengue fever in Liwan district of Guangzhou city in 2006 and explore the prevention and control strategy.Methods A case-study was conducted based on patients notified by hospitals.The serum samples were collected from the reported cases for the detection of anti-dengue virus antibodies and dengue virus.The mosquito vector at epidemic spot was investigated and cases were further identified at the epidemic spots.A total of 350 cases were reported (including suspected cases),and 336 blood samples were collected for serum testing.The detection of dengue IgM and(or)IgG was 296.Of which,dengue virus Was isolated in 12 cases,and preventive measures have been taken at 176 epidemic spots.Results There was 310 cases of dengue fever in Liwan district of Guangzhou city in 2006.The incidence rate was 4.366 per ten thousand(according to the census register population)and no death toll.The epidemic situation was involved 20 streets and 4 outbreak spots.The epidemic season was from the first ten day of July to the middle of November,and the peak epidemic season was from the last third of August to the first ten days of September.The dengue isolated was belong to type Ⅰ.old and the youngest was 3,most of the patients were the middle-aged and 136 patients were from 20 to 39 years old accounting for 43.87%.Conclusion The epidemic situation in this district was related to the local natural environment and social factors.The prevention and control against dengue fever would be a long-term work.It is necessary to strengthen the prediction of dengue fever and speed up the old city restoration and sanitation improvement.

Objective To examine the epidemic characteristics and occurrence of a case of family cluster outbreak of dengue fever,and to provide reference for the control of dengue fever outbreak in community. Methods A case of family cluster outbreak of dengue fever in Guangzhou was investigated and analyzed. Serum samples were analyzed by ELISA,RT-PCR,and virus isolation. Results A case of dengue fever outbreak in Liwan district (2006) was identified in Guangzhou. 6 out of 15 family members were infected. Serological analysis revealed that 3 family members were seropositive for IgM and IgG. Virus was isolated from 3 infected members. Only one sample was found to be positive by the RT-PCR detection method. Sequence analysis showed that the virus was type 1 dengue virus. Conclusion According to the clinical features,laboratory analysis,and the results of epidemiological studies,the outbreak occurred within a family living in the Li-wan district. The source of infection was unknown. The infection was probably occurred during the family gathering.

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of the outbreak of dengue fever in a community of Liwan district, Guangzhou city in 2006 and estimate the effect of prevention and control. Method Field epidemiology was used to analyze all the cases, and IFA was used to detect the anti-dengue virus antibodies. The mosquito larvae density at epidemic spot was measured with BI. Result The first incidence appeared on August 21st and the last incidence appeared on September 3rd . The epidemic period was 14 days. There were overall 74 cases and the attack rate was 3.48%. All the cases had the same latent period and with no secondary attack. Anti-dengue IgM and IgG virus antibodies were detected in 73 cases out of 74. Before the large-scale preventions taken, the BI reached as high as 93.4. The mosquito larvae density was dropped to standard level after the preventions taken. Conclusion Based on the epidemic investigation and the clinical and laboratory test results, it was confined to be an outbreak of dengue fever. After the control measures such as environment-cleaning, riddance of mosquito quickly, elimination of retained water and isolation of cases had been taken, the spread of the disease was quickly under control.

目的:分析该区华支睾吸虫感染情况,为防治工作提供科学依据.方法:采用改良加藤厚涂片法对3762名群众进行粪便检查. 结果: 1.感染率:1998年～2000年、2003年分别为4.98%、6.27%、2.97%、3.86%.2.已城市化农村与远郊农村的感染率有显著性差异(χ2=56.98,P<0.01). 3.男性与女性的感染率有显著性差异(χ2=65.10,P<0.01). 结论:该区华支睾吸虫感染率较高,建议落实各项防治措施,加快城中村的改造进程,做好防治工作.

随着我国消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)各项策略的全面落实,广州市芳村区自1992年以来未再发现脊灰野病毒株病例.为巩固无脊灰病例的成果,加强15岁以下儿童急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测和报告的准确性、敏感性,有非常重要的意义[1].本文就广州市芳村区1992～2000年AFP病例报告监测结果进行分析.旨在进一步提高AFP病例监测质量,巩固消灭脊灰所取得的成绩.