This paper presents the results of a study of spectrum-induced myopia using a model of quail maturation. Using acoustic microscopy methods in the native state, the geometric dimensions of the structural elements of the eye involved in focusing the optical system are determined, and the patterns of their changes as the body grows and during emmetropization are identified. Particular emphasis is placed on the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of the sclera as the main supporting tissue of the eye, responsible for its shape and size.

The present study is an attempt to experimentally create conditions for the development of childhood myopia in laboratory animals. The measurements were taken using ultrasound technique for different age groups of the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica dom. – chicks (10, 25, and 45 days) and mature birds (65 days) in in situ conditions. To simulate the processes of myopization, sources of narrow-spectrum blue (450 ± 50 nm), red (600 ± 50 nm) and yellow (550 ± 50 nm), the most comfortable for the eye, light were used. High-frequency focused ultrasound (30–80 MHz) and the B/Z scanning mode were applied for the high-quality visualization of the fine structure of the chicks' eye in the sagittal plane. The obtained data on the eyeball size, the lens and scleral-cornea, vitreous body and the chorioretinal complex revealed the age-related changes in the animal eye development. Preliminary data on the sclera elasticity of the quail's eye are presented.

The size of a growing child’s eye quickly adjusts to focusing in the dominant spectral band of illumination. The predominant type of lighting plays an important role in the formation of the eyeball in childhood. Everyday use of lamps with whose spectral composition is dominated by the red component can lead to lengthening of the eye (myopia or near-sightedness) during the most critical period of development. These changes may be irreversible. We report measurements of various parameters of the eyes of quail chicks at different ages during the maturation period. Acoustic microscopy was used for measurements. The measurements were made in two groups of birds. Everyday lighting in the first case was with an incandescent lamp and in the second case with an LED lamp with a dominant spectral band of 525–700 nm. The results demonstrate the drawbacks of using incandescent lamps as everyday lighting for children during the formation of the eyeball.

The problem of eye pathologies, such as age-related macular dystrophy and children's myopia, is becoming increasingly relevant every year. The influence of the spectral composition of artificial lighting that accompanies a person from birth to maturity is becoming more noticeable. To identify this pattern, experimental studies are carried out using an effective animal model: the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica, whose domesticated population is widely used as a laboratory animal in ophthalmology and biomedical disciplines. To reveal the difference in the development of eye tissues under everyday light with different spectral characteristics, chicks and adult birds are studied. Optical coherence tomography is used to observe the structure of the anterior part of the eye, as well as the thickness and structure of the retinal-choroidal complex. Data on age-related changes in the eyeball, cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous body, chorioretinal complex, and sclera are obtained using ultrasound methods. The content of melatonin in the tissues of the eye is measured.

This work continues a series of studies devoted to complex formation of ions of biogenic metals with the flavonoid dihydroquercetin (DHQ). The interaction of Со2+ ions with DHQ in aqueous solutions has been investigated. It has been found that, at different pH of a solution, complex compounds (CC) with different stoichiometry are formed; a variation of the pH value of a solution from 6.0 to 7.0 results in the formation of compounds (1)–(3) with the metal : flavonoid ligand ratio (Met : L) from 1 : 2 at рН 6.0 (1), through 2 : 3 at pH 6.4–6.7 (2), to 1 : 1 at рН 6.8–7.0 (3). By using the thermogravimetric method and the data of the elemental analysis, the most probable composition of the compounds with the determination of the amount of bound water has been proposed: [CoL2(H2O)4] for (1), [Co2L3(ОН)(H2O)4] for (2), and [CoL(ОН)(H2O)2] for (3). Conditions for the optimization of product yield in the complexation reaction of Со2+ ions with DHQ in an aqueous solution have been determined for compound (2): the рН value of solution 6.7; the reaction time 15 min; the temperature of the reaction solution 90°С; the molar ratio of the initial reagents DHQ : Со2+ 1 : 1.5; the initial concentration of DHQ 0.020 mol/L and that of Со2+ 0.030 mol/L; and the use of CoSO4 ⋅ 7H2O as a source of cobalt ions. The yield of the product is 81.8%.

Model studies on Coumarin 343–detonation nanodiamond complexes are described. The complexation of coumarin molecules with diamond nanoparticles due to covalent bonding leads to a considerable change in their spectral-luminescence properties, which makes it possible to distinguish between the behaviors of a free dye and a bound luminophore in the studied objects, in particular, in cell cultures. Experiments with an acute monocytic human leukemia culture show that the studied diamond nanocomplexes are easily captured by the cells and visualized in them; therefore, these complexes can be used to transport photocontrolled reagents and, ultimately, new drugs.

The urgency of developing the technology for obtaining the dihydroquercetin-zinc complex is due to the high antiradical, antioxidant, antiviral activity and wound healing effects of the original pharmaceutical composition developed on its basis. The study aims to optimize the complexation of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) with Zn 2+ ions in aqueous solution and to develop a technological scheme for preparation of the complex. Previously, we have determined the reaction parameters for the laboratory scheme for preparing the complex. A tenfold increase in the volume of the reaction solution (from 50 to 500 mL) has led to a decrease in the yield of the product. The task was to correct some reaction parameters for increasing the yield of the complex. It has been found that the increase in the reaction time (from 15 to 240 min) and the DHQ concentration in the reaction solution (from 0.05 to 0.1 M), while maintaining the previously optimized reaction parameters (the molar ratio Zn 2+ : DKB = 2: 1, pH 5.6), leads to an increase in the yield of the complex from 12 to 84%. Correspondence between the structures of the complex and the compound previously obtained in small volumes has been confirmed by the data of IR, 13 C and 1 H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The study will contribute to the more intensive use of extractive substances of larch wood to create new drugs that have antioxidant properties intended for the treatment of various diseases.

Аннотация.На основе изучения биологической активности медь-и цинксодержащих комплексных соединений (КС) дигидрокверцетина (ДКВ) получены предварительные данные о перспективах их использования в разработках эффективных

The antioxidant activity of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) complexes with zinc, copper(II) and calcium was studied in vitro in blood plasma of healthy donors. The state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in blood plasma was assessed by the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene (DC) and triene (TC) conjugates. The effect of DHQ and the complexes on the activity of the catalase enzyme in blood plasma was determined. It was found that DHQ complex with zinc ion reduces the MDA content in blood plasma by 14.9% compared with the control, which is twice as high as for DHQ (7.5%). The corresponding parameters of DHQ complexes with copper(II) and calcium ions were 11.2 and 3.7%, respectively. The effect of the complexes on the decrease in the DC and TC content in blood plasma compared with the control is comparable with the corresponding parameters for DHQ. The DHQ complex with zinc ion increases the catalase activity by 1.5% compared with DHQ. The complexes containing copper(II) and calcium ions increase the catalase activity no more than DHQ.

We have studied the feasibility of using luminophores in the coumarin series in luminescent filters for correcting the spectra of light-emitting diode (LED) light sources. Fine tuning of the emission spectra of luminophores in polymer matrices is achieved by introducing nonionic surfactants into the matrix. We propose a method for estimating the photostability of luminescent filters and we determine the photostability parameters.

The effect of everyday blue light (λ = 440–460 nm) on mitochondria of the retinal pigment epithelium of different age groups of Japanese quail was studied using electron microscopy, morphometric methods, and biochemical analysis. We have found a significant increase in the number of mitochondria, including those modified, mainly in young birds. In addition, cell metabolic activity increased in response to blue lighting. These changes are assumed to reflect an adaptive response of mitochondria aimed at neutralizing the phototoxic effect of blue light caused by accumulation of lipofuscin granules.

The possibility of using phosphors of the coumarin series in luminescent converters for correcting spectra of LED light sources is investigated. Fine tuning of the emission spectra of phosphors in polymer matrices has been obtained by introducing nonionic surfactants into the matrix. A method for estimating the photostability of luminescent filters is proposed and the photostability parameters are determined.

Исследована антиоксидантная активность комплексных соединений (КС) цинка, меди (II) и кальция с дигидрокверцетином (ДКВ) в экспериментах in vitro на сливной плазме крови здоровых доноров. Оценка состояния перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) в плазме крови проводилась по содержанию малонового диальдегида (МДА), диеновых (ДК) и триеновых (ТК) конъюгатов. Определено влияние КС и ДКВ на активность фермента каталазы в плазме крови. Установлено, что КС дигидрокверцетина с ионом цинка снижает содержание МДА в плазме крови на 14,9% по сравнению с контролем, что превосходит в 2 раза этот показатель для ДКВ (7,5%). Соответствующие показатели для КС ДКВ с ионами меди (II) и кальция составляют 11,2 и 3,7%. Влияние комплексов на снижение по сравнению с контролем содержания в плазме крови ДК и ТК сопоставимо с соответствующими показателями для ДКВ. Комплекс ДКВ с ионом цинка увеличивает активность каталазы на 1,5% по сравнению с ДКВ. Комплексы, содержащие ионы меди (II) и кальция, увеличивают активность каталазы не более чем ДКВ.

Fifteen-week-old sexually mature female Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) grown under various lighting conditions were used in the study. It was found that the number of mitochondria and phagosomes was increased by 1.5-fold in the retinal pigment epithelium from birds reared for 95 days under blue light (440–470 nm) vs. reduced blue light component conditions. Also, it was found that egg production was increased by 15% in birds reared under blue light compared to other lightning conditions. Thus, we concluded that blue light conditions resulted in elevating metabolic activity and accelerating pace of life in Japanese quails. It is assumed that the blue light-induced effects are probably due to inhibition of melatonin synthesis.

ABSTRACT Purpose. To compare the composition of retinoids of lipofuscin granules (LG) isolated from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of human cadaver eyes and Japanese quail. Material and methods. The Japanese quail′s retina and retinal pigment epithelium were chosen as a model of laboratory aging simulation. The evaluation of the amount of quail′s RPE retinoids was done by measuring of the fluorescence spectra and HPLC-analysis of the chloroform- methanol extraction from PRE. Results and conclusions. It has been shown that the spectral characteristics and the relative content of retinoids in lipofuscin granules (LG) isolated from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of human cadaver eyes and Japanese quail was very resemblance. These results allowed to consider Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a suitable and enough adequate model of rapid human aging retinal processes