It was proved that polymer–bitumen binders undergo a structural transformation after the addition of synthetic waxes. UV spectroscopy study showed that wax macromolecules and compounds of the dispersed oil system enter into chemical interactions, which was detected by the disappearance of the absorption band at 260 nm in the UV spectrum of the wax–bitumen blend. This suggested the formation of crosslinked reinforcing spatial structures, which explain the observed improvement in the performance properties of the polymer–bitumen binder after the addition of synthetic waxes: an increase in the softening temperature and brittleness temperature, a decrease in penetration, and an increase in their dynamic viscosity. It was determined that the transformation of the physicochemical characteristics of the polymer–bitumen binder after the addition of wax depends on its chemical nature. Waxes with an aliphatic branched polyethylene structure (Plastobit 430F, Plastowax 200TD, Plastowax 725T, Honeywell Titan 7686) more strongly change the physicochemical characteristics of the polymer–bitumen binder in comparison with waxes of the ProPolymer MA123 and ProPolymer MA-SK-02 brands, which are maleic anhydride–grafted linear polyethylene.

The rutting resistance of the pavement surface still remains an unresolved problem in asphalt pavement construction. This paper presents data on the deformation rate of asphalt binders with different fillers tested at a constant load using three creep analysis methods. The research was carried out at temperatures of 25 ℃, 40 ℃, and 50 ℃; besides the creep, the stress relaxation rate in asphalt binders under tension was measured. Two bitumen grades – BND 90/130 and PBV 90 were used in asphalt binders. Fine-dispersed fillers such as marble dust, crumb rubber, and a modified powder produced by intergrinding marble with polyethylene were selected for the purpose of experiments. The significant outcome of the study is that the fine-dispersed filler has a stronger effect on the asphalt binder creep than changing the asphalt binder grade. This result highlights the significance of fine-dispersed fillers for the rutting resistance of asphalt concrete.

This work continues a series of studies devoted to complex formation of ions of biogenic metals with the flavonoid dihydroquercetin (DHQ). The interaction of Со2+ ions with DHQ in aqueous solutions has been investigated. It has been found that, at different pH of a solution, complex compounds (CC) with different stoichiometry are formed; a variation of the pH value of a solution from 6.0 to 7.0 results in the formation of compounds (1)–(3) with the metal : flavonoid ligand ratio (Met : L) from 1 : 2 at рН 6.0 (1), through 2 : 3 at pH 6.4–6.7 (2), to 1 : 1 at рН 6.8–7.0 (3). By using the thermogravimetric method and the data of the elemental analysis, the most probable composition of the compounds with the determination of the amount of bound water has been proposed: [CoL2(H2O)4] for (1), [Co2L3(ОН)(H2O)4] for (2), and [CoL(ОН)(H2O)2] for (3). Conditions for the optimization of product yield in the complexation reaction of Со2+ ions with DHQ in an aqueous solution have been determined for compound (2): the рН value of solution 6.7; the reaction time 15 min; the temperature of the reaction solution 90°С; the molar ratio of the initial reagents DHQ : Со2+ 1 : 1.5; the initial concentration of DHQ 0.020 mol/L and that of Со2+ 0.030 mol/L; and the use of CoSO4 ⋅ 7H2O as a source of cobalt ions. The yield of the product is 81.8%.

Copolymerization of styrene with methyl or butylmethacrylates in road petroleum bitumen is studied. The copolymerization of the comonomers selected proceeds in the bituminous medium according to the same laws as in the mass and depends on concentration of the methacrylates. Polymer–bitumen composites, which can be potentially used as structural polymeric materials, have been obtained and studied.

Comparative analysis of the curing performance of epoxy-containing cross-linking agents of different structure in vulcanization of a promising binder for energetic systems, poly-N-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole prepared by the modification procedure and containing residual N–H-unsubstituted tetrazole fragments, was made. Cross-linking of polymer chains of the binder is a result of alkylation of the residual N–H-unsubstituted tetrazole rings in poly-N-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole macromolecules with oxirane rings of the second reactant. Curing of poly-N-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole in the presence of macromolecular curing agents, carbon-chain polymers containing oxirane rings in pendant chains, at temperatures lower than 100°С occurs in a considerably narrower time interval compared to curing with low-molecular-mass epoxy resin.

Specific features of synthesis of network polymers based on tetrazolylethyl cellulose ethers by alkylation of tetrazole rings in the structure of the cellulose derivative with di- and polyfunctional oligomeric and polymeric oxiranecontaining compounds were studied. The influence exerted by the structure of the cross-linking agents on the time parameters of the network structure formation, degree of the polymer cross-linking, ability of the network polymers obtained to absorb various liquids, and pH and temperature sensitivity of the hydrogels based on cross-linked tetrazolylated cellulose was considered.

On the basis of poly(5-vinyltetrazole) and the copolymer N -vinylcaprolactam–2-(vinyloxyethoxy)methyloxirane, amphiphilic network paired polymers capable of limited swelling in aqueous media with the formation of polyelectrolyte hydrogels characterized by pH sensitivity and thermal sensitivity have been obtained.

Curing of a promising binder for energy-intensive systems, poly- N -methyl-5-vinyltetrazole, produced by the modification method by the reaction with a same-type tetrazole-containing polymer with oxirane rings in its structure was studied. The cross-linking of molecules of dissimilar polymers and the formation of a network structure result from the alkylation reaction of residual N–H-unsubstituted tetrazole rings in poly- N -methyl- 5-vinyltetrazole macromolecules by oxirane rings contained in the structure of the second reactant. It was found that the process of curing of the polymeric system occurs at technologically acceptable rates at temperatures below 100°C at a content of residual N–H-unsubstituted tetrazole rings of no less than 2 mol %. Two to four days are required for the curing (vulcanization) process to be complete, depending on the reaction conditions.

An approach to the forced blending of poly(5-vinyltetrazole) with carbon backbone epoxy polymers of various types through the formation of interpolymers has been considered. The covalent bonding of macromolecules of dissimilar polymers is the result of alkylation of unsubstituted N–H tetrazole fragments by oxirane cycles of the second participant of the reaction. Some properties of the resulting amphiphilic network interpolymers have been studied.

The structures of zinc (2), copper(II) (3), and calcium (4) complexes with trans-2R,3R-dihydroquercetin (1) have been elucidated by IR, 2D NMR, mass spectrometry DART techniques, term gravimetric analysis using data from elemental and microscopic energy dispersive X-ray analyses. The redox properties of complexes 2–4 were studied by cyclic voltammetry

Радикальной сополимеризацией 5-винилтетразола с N-винилпирролидоном, N-винилкапролактамом и 1-винилимидазолом в присутствии дивинильного сшивающего агента синтезированы водосовместимые полимерные продукты, способные к ограниченному набуханию в водных средах с образованием полиэлектролитных гидрогелей, обладающих рН- и термочувствительностью. Проведено сопоставление поведения в водных средах сетчатых и линейных сополимеров однотипного состава.

This study is concerned with water-compatible polymer products synthesized via radical copolymerization of 5-vinyltetrazole with N -vinylpyrrolidone, N -vinylcaprolactam, and 1-vinylimidazole in the presence of a divinyl crosslinking agent. The copolymers are characterized by limited swelling in aqueous media with the formation of polyelectrolyte hydrogels possessing pH and temperature sensitivity. Behavior in aqueous media was compared for copolymers with network and linear structures.

Изучено взаимодействие ионов двухвалентных металлов с транс-2 R 3 R -дигидро-2-(3,4-дигидроксифенил)-3,5,7-тригидрокси-4 H -1-бензопиран-4-оном (дигидрокверцетином, 1 ), приводящее к образованию комплексных соединений цинка ( 2 ), меди( II ) ( 3 ) и кальция ( 4 ). Методами ИК, ЯМР спектроскопии, масс-спектрометрии DART , термогравиметрического, элементного и рентгеноспектрального энергодисперсионного микроскопического анализов определено строение полученных комплексных соединений. Показано, что соединение 2 имеет структур y [ ZnL 2 ( H 2 O ) 2 ], где L – депротонированный дигидрокверцетин. Для комплекса 3 установлена структура [ CuL ОН( H 2 O )], для комплекса 4 предложена структура [Са L ОН( H 2 O )]. В полученных соединениях определены наиболее вероятные сайты связывания флавоноидного лиганда металлом. В цинковом комплексе 2 оба флавоноидных лиганда L координированы к иону цинка через кислородный атом гидроксильной группы при С-7. В комплексном соединении 3 связывание флавоноидного лиганда ионом меди( II ) осуществляется по положению 3-ОН- 4-С=О. В комплексе 4 равновероятно комплексообразование по двум местам связывания флавоноидного лиганда ионом кальция: с участием кислородного атома при С-4' и/или кислородного атома гидроксильной группы при С-7 в кольце А. Методом циклической вольтамперометрии на графитовом электроде в ДМСО изучены окислительно-восстановительные свойства полученных комплексных соединений.

Based on poly(5-vinyltetrazole) and a copolymer of 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole with 2-(vinyloxyethoxy)methyloxirane, tetrazole-containing network double polymers capable of gelation both in organic media and in water have been obtained. It has been shown that the covalent bonding of linear polymer macromolecules is the result of alkylation of unsubstituted N-H tetrazole cycles of poly(5-vinyltetrazole) with oxirane cycles incorporated into the copolymer structure.

Радикальной сополимеризацией 5-винилтетразола с N-винилпирролидоном, N-винилкапролактамом и 1-винилимидазолом в присутствии дивинильного сшивающего агента синтезированы водосовместимые полимерные продукты, способные к ограниченному набуханию в водных средах с образованием полиэлектролитных гидрогелей, обладающих рН- и термочувствительностью. Проведено сопоставление поведения в водных средах сетчатых и линейных сополимеров однотипного состава.

The regularities of the copolymerization of styrene (Sr) with vinyl acetate (VA) in a construction petroleum bitumen (CPB) medium are studied. It is established that, in the bitumen medium, the superiority of styrene in terms of reactivity when compared to vinyl acetate is not expressed as critically as in the case of in-bulk copolymerization. Polymer-bitumen composite materials with improved operating performance as compared to bitumen were obtained by copolymerization.

На основе поли-5-винилтетразола и сополимера 2-метил-5-винилтетразола с 2-(винилоксиэтокси)метилоксираном получены сетчатые тетразолсодержащие парные полимеры, склонные к гелеобразованию, как в органических средах, так и в воде. Ковалентное связывание макромолекул линейных полимеров является результатом реакции алкилирования N–H незамещенных тетразольных циклов поли-5-винилтетразола оксирановыми циклами, входящими в структуру сополимера.

Imidazole-containing network polymers have been prepared via quaternization of linear poly(1-vinylimidazole). Owing to the affinity for water, crosslinked poly(1-vinylimidazole) is capable of limited swelling in water and concomitant formation of polyelectrolyte hydrogels. Imidazole-containing hydrogels can be doped with different metal ions and can serve as matrixes for stabilization of particles obtained via reduction of nanosize metals.