OBJECTIVE:While novel 450 nm blue laser vaporization of the prostate (BLVP) has emerged as a promising treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), comprehensive evidence-based validation remains lacking. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BLVP for BPH. METHODS:A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang database up to 1 September 2025 (an updated search was performed on 31 December 2025). Single-arm meta-analyses summarized the absolute efficacy and safety of BLVP. For the comparison of BLVP with other surgical procedures, head-to-head meta-analyses or descriptive systematic reviews were performed based on the homogeneity of studies. RESULTS:Across 23 included studies (1713 participants), single-arm meta-analysis showed favorable perioperative outcomes: mean operative time (26.46 min), bladder irrigation time (14.96 h), catheterization time (2.67 d), and hemoglobin drop (6.96 g/L). Postoperative IPSS, Qmax, PVR, and QoL significantly improved with low complication rates. Compared with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), BLVP demonstrated favorable outcomes regarding shorter operation, irrigation, and catheterization times, less hemoglobin loss, and shorter hospital stays (all p < 0.05). While urinary functional recovery was comparable, BLVP exhibited lower risks of urinary incontinence (OR = 0.38) and secondary bleeding (OR = 0.15). Additionally, BLVP better preserved sexual function, demonstrating higher International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores at 6 months and a significantly lower incidence of retrograde ejaculation (OR = 0.07) than TURP. Preliminary studies suggest that the efficacy of BLVP is similar to that of 1470 nm and greenlight lasers. CONCLUSION:Preliminary evidence suggests that BLVP appears to be a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for BPH, demonstrating favorable trends in perioperative recovery and sexual function preservation. However, due to a lack of high-quality RCTs and low-to-moderate certainty of evidence, BLVP's equivalence or superiority to TURP remains inconclusive, warranting further large-scale trials.

This study evaluated the global burden of thyroid cancer (TC) from 1990 to 2021, analyzing its association with sociodemographic factors, sex, age, risk factors and future projections. Using 2021 global burden of disease data, we analyzed TC incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across populations. Risk factors were assessed, and future trends were forecasted using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. In 2021, global TC incidence was 249,538 cases (age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR): 2.91 per 100,000). Mortality reached 44,799 cases, with a slight decrease in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR). DALYs increased by 92.73%, though the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) declined. East Asia had the highest incidence, while South Asia led in mortality and DALYs. TC burden showed a strong negative correlation with socioeconomic development, especially in high- and medium-sociodemographic index countries. High body mass index (BMI) contributed significantly to DALYs and mortality, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. Population growth emerged as the key driver of the rising global TC burden. Projections suggest ASIR will increase by 2050, while ASMR and ASDR will decline. Global TC incidence has risen markedly, particularly among males, while mortality and DALYs have decreased due to improved healthcare. High BMI increasingly contributes to the TC burden. Projections highlight a continued rise in incidence but declining mortality and DALYs, reflecting advancements in treatment and management.

BACKGROUND:Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common male urological disease around the world. This study aimed to evaluate global, regional, and national burden of BPH from 1990 to 2021, and to forecast the incidence and prevalence of BPH to 2035. METHODS:Using the data and methods of the Global Burden of Disease 2021, we presented the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of BPH from 1990 to 2021. The trends of burden over time were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes. We applied Bayesian age-period-cohort model to forecast the incidence and prevalence of BPH to 2035. RESULTS:In 2021, the global number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs of BPH were 137.88, 1125.02, and 22.36 per 100,000 populations, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of BPH remained stable. The highest ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR were recorded in Eastern Europe in 2021. Nationally, China had the highest number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs of BPH. With the increase of socio-demographic index, the trends of ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR all exhibit an initial rise followed by a gradual decline. The global incidence and prevalence are expected to increase from 962.42 to 7878.68 per 100,000 populations in 2022 to 998.55 and 8620.60 per 100,000 populations in 2035, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The persistent burden of BPH continues to pose a critical public health challenge. The escalating prevalence among middle-aged and elderly populations underscores the imperative to tackle this widespread condition.

BACKGROUND:This study analyzes the global burden of breast cancer (BC) over the past 30 years, identifies key risk factors, and projects future incidence and mortality through 2050. METHODS:Data were sourced from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to assess trends, and country development was measured using the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Projections were conducted using Bayesian age-period-cohort and autoregressive integrated moving average models. RESULTS:In 2021, approximately 2.12 million new breast cancer cases and 674 199 deaths were recorded globally. From 1990 to 2021, incidence and prevalence increased, while mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) declined overall. Regional and national variations were observed, alongside age and gender differences in the disease burden. A diet high in red meat and a high body mass index were the leading global risk factors for breast cancer deaths. The BC burden was positively correlated with SDI across 21 GBD regions. Decomposition analysis highlighted demographic factors as the main drivers of increased disease burden over the past three decades. Projections indicate that BC incidence will continue to rise through 2050. CONCLUSIONS:While global BC mortality has decreased over the past 30 years, incidence continues to rise. Low-SDI regions face increasing challenges, as incidence, mortality, and DALYs persistently climb. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies and equitable resource distribution to mitigate the rising burden of breast cancer.

Objective To analyze the global disease burden and its changing trend of severe periodontitis from 1990 to 2021. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database were obtained to analyze the incidence, prevalence, year lived with disability (YLD) of severe periodontitis by regional, socio-demographic index (SDI), age and sex group from 1990 to 2021. The change of age-standardized rate was estimated by calculating the estimated annual percentage change. Results In 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of severe periodontitis was 1,069.44 per 100,000, the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) was 12,498.3 per 100,000, and the age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) was 80.89 per 100,000 person years. From 1990 to 2021, there was no significant changing trend in the global ASIR [EAPC=0.03%, 95%CI (-0.04%, 0.09%)], ASPR [EAPC=0.08%, 95%CI (-0.02%, 0.18%)], and ASYR [EAPC=0.08%, 95%CI (-0.02%, 0.17%)] of severe periodontitis. The relatively high ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR were recorded in South-East Asia Region, Eastern Mediterranean Region, and Region of the Americas in 2021, respectively. ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR for severe periodontitis were higher in regions with lower SDI. In 2021, the global incidence, prevalence, and YLD rate of severe periodontitis increased with age in the 15-54 age group. The incidence rate was higher in men than in women in the 15-49 age group, and the prevalence and YLD rate were higher in men across all age groups. Conclusion The global burden of severe periodontitis varies across geographic regions, levels of socioeconomic development, sex and age. In the future, appropriate prevention and treatment strategies should be developed for low-income areas, young men and the elderly.

As benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) becomes increasingly prevalent, there is a growing need for simple and accurate methods to predict its risk. This study aimed to develop and validate a prediction model to identify males at high risk of developing BPH. The model was developed using data from 210,408 participants in the UK Biobank and externally validated with 5394 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and 294 participants from the Fengshen study. Six methods were employed to construct prediction models utilizing readily available medical characteristics at baseline. The DeLong tests were used to assess the differences in the area under the curves (AUCs). Cox regression was adopted to examine the relationships between the predictors and BPH. During a median follow-up period of 13.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 12.3–14.0), 7.0 years (IQR 6.8–7.0) and 4.0 years (IQR 2.2–5.0), 18,681 males in the UK Biobank, 309 males in the CHARLS, and 27 males in the Fengshen study developed BPH. The model developed using the LightGBM method exhibited the highest discriminative capability among the six methods. Following feature reduction based on importance ranking, a full model with 17 predictors was established for BPH prediction (AUC = 0.688 ± 0.004). Age was the most important feature that contributed to the model, with older males showing a higher hazard ratio (HR) of 1.091 (95

BACKGROUND:This study evaluated the burden of breast cancer (BC) in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 1990 to 2021 by age, sex, and risk factors, aiming to guide health promotion. METHODS:Data from 66 BRI countries were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Trends in age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and mortality (ASMR) were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Associations with the Social Development Index (SDI) and attributable risk factors were also examined. RESULTS:From 1990 to 2021, global ASIR rose from 21.38 to 24.56 per 100 000 (EAPC = 0.38), while ASMR declined by 0.59% annually; BRI countries showed similar trends. In 1990, Greece had the highest ASIR and Israel the highest ASMR, whereas Bangladesh and Oman had the lowest. By 2021, Lebanon reported the highest ASIR, Georgia the highest ASMR, and Mongolia and Oman the lowest. Turkey showed the largest ASIR increase (EAPC = 6.77). Both ASIR and ASMR were positively correlated with SDI. Risk factors also shifted: in 1990, major contributors were high red meat intake, high body mass index (BMI), and alcohol use; by 2021, high red meat intake, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) dominated. High BMI and FPG rose markedly, whereas smoking, secondhand smoke, and alcohol use declined. CONCLUSION:Although mortality has fallen, BC incidence continues to rise in BRI countries, especially in low- and middle-SDI regions. Expanded screening, improved healthcare infrastructure, and targeted interventions on modifiable risks are urgently required.

Objective To systematically analyze relevant literature on evidence-based urology(EBU)in China and abroad,and to understand their definitions and methodological research status.Methods The PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals,and SinoMed were searched,JD.com and Dangdang.com engines are used to assist retrieval.The search was conducted as of August 9,2023.The connotation and methodological research characteristics of EBU were extracted,and then used content analysis to integrate the extracted information.Results A total of 37 literature were included.There was no literature on the definition of EBU yet,and the research topics involved randomized controlled trials,systematic review,guidelines,evidence grading,Cochrane Library and PubMed database literature retrieval,evidence-based clinical decision-making,etc.12 articles focused on 11 topics of randomized controlled trials or clinical trials such as subgroup analysis,relative and absolute effects,alternative endpoints;5 articles introduced 4 themes of systematic review including heterogeneity,publication bias,P-value and confidence interval,and likelihood ratio;9 literature systematically outlined the key methods of evidence-based medicine and provide evidence support for clinical questions related to the urinary system diseases.In terms of writing format,cases of urinary system diseases were used for explanation.Conclusion The definition of EBU has not yet been clarified,but it has a good foundation of development and constructionn,and the theoretical system EBU needs to be further improved.For example,starting with the complexity of the problems emerging in urology,actively proposing new ways of solving them,enriching research evidence types,innovating grading standards,expanding the clinical decision-making methods of EBU,and accelerating the optimization of subject curriculum system and talent cultivation.

BACKGROUND:The burden of common urologic diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer, varies both geographically and within specific regions. It is essential to conduct a comprehensive and precise assessment of the global burden of urologic diseases. METHODS:We obtained data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for the aforementioned urologic diseases by age, sex, location, and year from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. We analyzed the burden associated with urologic diseases based on socio-demographic index (SDI) and attributable risk factors. The trends in burden over time were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS:In 2021, BPH and UTI were the leading causes of age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), with rates of 5531.88 and 2782.59 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Prostate cancer was the leading cause of both age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), with rates of 12.63 and 217.83 per 100,000 persons, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, there was an upward trend in ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR for UTI, while urolithiasis showed a downward trend. The middle and low-middle SDI quintile levels exhibited higher incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs related to UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH, while the high and high-middle SDI quintile levels showed higher rates for the three cancers. The burden of these six urologic diseases displayed diverse age and sex distribution patterns. In 2021, a high body mass index (BMI) contributed to 20.07% of kidney cancer deaths worldwide, while smoking accounted for 26.48% of bladder cancer deaths and 3.00% of prostate cancer deaths. CONCLUSIONS:The global burden of 6 urologic diseases presents a significant public health challenge. Urgent international collaboration is essential to advance the improvement of urologic disease management, encompassing the development of effective diagnostic screening tools and the implementation of high-quality prevention and treatment strategies.

Objective To comparatively analyze the disease burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)in China,the United States,and Germany between 1990 and 2019.Methods The Global Burden of Disease 2019(GBD 2019)was used to comparatively study the prevalence,incidence,years lived with disability(YLD),and standardized rate in China,the United States and Germany between 1990 and 2019.Results Compared with 1990,the number of prevalence cases,incidence cases and YLD in China,the United States and Germany all showed an increasing trend in 2019.The prevalence,incidence and YLD rate of BPH patients of all ages in China continued to increase with age,with the highest BPH incidence occuring in the age group of 75～79 years old.In 2019,the prevalence of BPH and YLD rate in the United States increased with age,and were the highest among the elderly aged 80 and above,while the incidence of BPH was the highest in the age group of 70～74 years old.In 1990 and 2019,the incidence of BPH among people aged from 65 to 69 in Germany was the highest,and the age group with the highest prevalence was 75 to 79 years old.BHP patients in 75-79 age group has the highest YLD in Germany.From 1990 to 2019,YLD showed an increasing trend in all three countries.In 2019,the YLD of BPH in China,the United States and Germany was 406,200,89,400 and 27,300 person-years respectively.Conclusion China,the United States,and Germany bear a heavy disease burden of BPH,with China having a higher BPH disease burden than the United States and Germany,particularly among those over 65 years of age and populations in rural and remote areas.Proactive health guidance should be provided for highrisk groups in the future,along with a greater allocation of medical resources.

Objective To evaluate the consistency of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in measuring of prostate size and volume.Methods The data of this study was from the research data of the bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia study in Chinese population.The study examined the prostates of participants using both ultrasonography and MRI.Prostate size was measured by the transverse diameter,antero-posterior diameter,and supero-inferior diameter,and volume was calculated using a formula.Groups comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon signed rank test and the consistency of measurement results was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis.Results 103 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were included.The mean transverse diameter,mean antero-posterior diameter,and mean supero-inferior diameter of the prostate measured by ultrasonography was(5.789±0.835)cm,(5.054±0.915)cm,and(4.530±0.882)cm respectively,and the median volume was 66.690(49.179,96.110)mL.The median transverse diameter,median antero-posterior diameter and median supero-inferior diameter of the prostate measured by MRI was 5.800(5.300,6.400)cm,5.000(4.650,5.600)cm,and 4.300(3.900,4.800)cm respectively,and the median volume was 65.520(49.678,90.714)mL.The prostate size results had good agreement between ultrasound and MRI measurements,with no statistical difference between the two measurements.The prostate volume measured by ultrasonography had a small deviation compared to the MRI measurement,with an average difference of 1.329 mL.Conclusion The consistency between ultrasonography and MRI in measuring prostate size and volume is strong.In clinical practice,the appropriate method for measuring prostate size and volume should be chosen based on the specific circumstances.

Objective To study the disease burden of bladder cancer attributed to smoking and high fasting blood glucose(HFBG)among five East Asian countries from 1990 to 2021,providing a scientific basis for formulating bladder cancer prevention and control policies.Methods Data were sourced from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.The Joinpoint regression model was used to assess the temporal trends,and the age-period-cohort(APC)model was employed to evaluate the independent effects of age,period,and birth cohort on attributable burden.Results In 2021,China had the highest burden of bladder cancer attributed to smoking,while Japan had the highest burden attributed to HFBG.From 1990 to 2021,the smoking-attributed burden in the five East Asian countries showed declining trends(AAPC＜0),with the largest decrease in South Korea(mortality rate-AAPC=-1.87％,DALY rate-AAPC=-2.29％).HFBG-attributed burden in China showed a declining trend(AAPC＜0),whereas it exhibited increasing trends in North Korea(AAPC＞0).APC results indicated that the age effects of both smoking and HFBG showed upward trends,peaking in the age group of 80 and above;the birth cohort effects for smoking-attributed rates in the five East Asian countries showed declining trends,while HFBG-attributed rates showed declining trends in all countries except North Korea.Conclusion Smoking and HFBG are significant independent risk factors for bladder cancer in the five East Asian countries,especially in China and Japan.Age is the main reason for the rising bladder cancer attributed burden,with the elderly being a high-risk population.Future prevention and control measures should target high-risk groups,improve residents'awareness of smoking-related bladder cancer,and effectively reduce the incidence of diabetes to decrease the disease burden of bladder cancer.

Objective To analysis disease burden and its change trend of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in China from 1990 to 2021. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database were obtained to analysis the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of BPH in China from 1990 to 2021. Assessing temporal trends in the burden of disease by calculating estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) in age standardised rates and comparative analysis of trends in the burden of BPH in China over time by social demographic index (SDI) were conducted. Results In 2021, the incident cases of BPH in China were 3.244 million, with age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 229.14 per 100,000. The prevalent cases were 2.311 million, with age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of 2,315.23 per 100,000. The number of DALYs were 460,200 person year, with age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of 45.84 per 100,000. The incidence, prevalence and DALYs rates of BPH in China in 2021 initially increased with age and then decreased, peaking in the 75-79 and 80-84 age groups, respectively. The ASIR [EAPC=-0.21, 95%CI(-0.36, -0.06)], ASPR [EAPC=-0.24, 95%CI(-0.41, -0.07)], and ASDR [EAPC=-0.25, 95%CI(-0.43, -0.09)] of BPH in China maintained a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2021, whereas the number of incident cases (122.16%), prevalent cases (132.50%), and DALYs (130.15%) showed an increasing trend. The ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR of BPH in China over the period 1990—2021 were much higher than those in high SDI countries. Conclusion The burden of BPH is high in China. Efforts should be made to enhance prostate health education for middle-aged and older men and to explore a BPH prevention and control system suitable for China's conditions. By promoting early detection and intervention, the progression of the disease can be delayed, reducing the overall disease burden.

Background Bladder, kidney and prostate cancers make significant contributors to cancer burdens. Exploring their cross-country inequalities may inform equitable strategies to meet the 17 sustainable development goals before 2030. Methods We analyzed age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years (ASDALY) rates for the three cancers based on Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. We quantified the inequalities using slope index of inequality (SII, absolute measure) and concentration index (relative measure) associated with national sociodemographic index. Results Varied ASDALY rates were observed in the three cancers across 204 regions. The SII decreased from 35.15 (95% confidence interval, CI: 29.34 to 39.17) in 1990 to 15.81 (95% CI: 7.99 to 21.79) in 2019 for bladder cancers, from 78.94 (95% CI: 75.97 to 81.31) in 1990 to 59.79 (95% CI: 55.32 to 63.83) in 2019 for kidney cancer, and from 192.27 (95% CI: 137.00 to 241.05) in 1990 to − 103.99 (95% CI: − 183.82 to 51.75) in 2019 for prostate cancer. Moreover, the concentration index changed from 12.44 (95% CI, 11.86 to 12.74) in 1990 to 15.72 (95% CI, 15.14 to 16.01) in 2019 for bladder cancer, from 33.88 (95% CI: 33.35 to 34.17) in 1990 to 31.13 (95% CI: 30.36 to 31.43) in 2019 for kidney cancer, and from 14.61 (95% CI: 13.89 to 14.84) in 1990 to 5.89 (95% CI: 5.16 to 6.26) in 2019 for prostate cancer. Notably, the males presented higher inequality than females in both bladder and kidney cancer from 1990 to 2019. Conclusions Different patterns of inequality were observed in the three cancers, necessitating tailored national cancer control strategies to mitigate disparities. Priority interventions for bladder and kidney cancer should target higher socioeconomic regions, whereas interventions for prostate cancer should prioritize the lowest socioeconomic regions. Additionally, addressing higher inequality in males requires more intensive interventions among males from higher socioeconomic regions.

Aberrant autophagy could promote cancer cells to survive and proliferate in prostate cancer (PCa). LncRNAs play key roles in autophagy regulatory network. We established a prognostic model, which autophagyrelated lncRNAs (au-lncRNAs) were used as biomarkers to predict prognosis of individuals with PCa. Depending on au-lncRNAs from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Human Autophagy Database, a risk score model was created. To evaluate the prediction accuracy, the calibration, Kaplan-Meier, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used. To clarify the biological function, gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) were performed. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to determine the au-lncRNAs expression in PCa cell lines and healthy prostate cells for further confirmation. We identified five au-lncRNAs with prognostic significance (AC068580.6, AF131215.2, LINC00996, LINC01125 and LINC01547). The development of a risk scoring model required the utilization of multivariate Cox analysis. According to the model, we categorized PCa individuals into low- and high-risk cohorts. PCa subjects in the high-risk group had a worse disease-free survival rate than those in the low-risk group. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year periods had corresponding areas under curves (AUC) of 0.788, 0.794, and 0.818. The prognosis of individuals with PCa could be predicted by the model with accuracy. Further analysis with GSEA showed that the prognostic model was associated with the tumor microenvironment, including immunotherapy, cancer-related inflammation, and metabolic reprogramming. Four lncRNAs expression in PCa cell lines was greater than that in healthy prostate cells. The au-lncRNA prognostic model has significant clinical implications in prognosis of PCa patient.

Objective:Chronological age (CAge), biological age (BAge), and accelerated age (AAge) are all important for aging-related diseases. CAge is a known risk factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); However, the evidence of association of BAge and AAge with BPH is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CAge, Bage, and AAge with BPH in a large prospective cohort. Method:A total of 135,933 males without BPH at enrolment were extracted from the UK biobank. We calculated three BAge measures (Klemera-Doubal method, KDM; PhenoAge; homeostatic dysregulation, HD) based on 16 biomarkers. Additionally, we calculated KDM-BAge and PhenoAge-BAge measures based on the Levine method. The KDM-AAge and PhenoAge-AAge were assessed by the difference between CAge and BAge and were standardized (mean = 0 and standard deviation [SD] = 1). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the associations of CAge, Bage, and AAge with incident BPH risk. Results:During a median follow-up of 13.150 years, 11,811 (8.690%) incident BPH were identified. Advanced CAge and BAge measures were associated with an increased risk of BPH, showing threshold effects at a later age (all P for nonlinearity <0.001). Nonlinear relationships between AAge measures and risk of BPH were also found for KDM-AAge (P = 0.041) and PhenoAge-AAge (P = 0.020). Compared to the balance comparison group (-1 SD < AAge < 1 SD), the accelerated aging group (AAge > 2 SD) had a significantly elevated BPH risk with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.115 (95% CI, 1.000-1.223) for KDM-AAge and 1.180 (95% CI, 1.068-1.303) for PhenoAge-AAge, respectively. For PhenoAge-AAge, subgroup analysis of the accelerated aging group showed an increased HR of 1.904 (95% CI, 1.374-2.639) in males with CAge <50 years and 1.233 (95% CI, 1.088-1.397) in those having testosterone levels <12 nmol/L. Moreover, AAge-associated risk of BPH was independent of and additive to genetic risk. Conclusions:Biological aging is an independent and modifiable risk factor for BPH. We suggest performing active health interventions to slow biological aging, which will help mitigate the progression of prostate aging and further reduce the burden of BPH.

目的 分析2019年全球腹腔感染(IAIs)相关细菌对抗菌药物耐药性(AMR)的疾病负担.方法 采用2019年全球疾病负担研究数据,通过死亡例数、死亡率、过早死亡损失寿命年、伤残损失寿命年和伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)等指标描述IAIs相关AMR的疾病负担.采用反事实分析法估算由AMR直接和间接造成的疾病负担.结果 2019年全球IAIs直接归因于AMR和与AMR间接相关的死亡例数分别为21.03万人和80.49万人,直接归因于AMR和与AMR间接相关的DALYs分别为565.69万人年和2 159.35万人年.南亚是IAIs相关AMR导致死亡负担最高的地区,直接导致5.76万人死亡.大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及屎肠球菌直接导致全球16.00万人死亡,约占全部病原体的76％.2019年全球有超过62％的IAIs死亡病例(13.08万)可直接归因于对喹诺酮类抗菌药物、碳青霉烯类抗菌药物和第三代头孢菌素产生的AMR.耐喹诺酮类屎肠球菌是导致死亡的重要病原体-抗菌药物组合,有1.99万例死亡病例归因于该细菌导致的AMR.结论 IAIs相关AMR仍然是全球公共健康领域面临的重大挑战,应结合不同地区的病原体-抗菌药物组合流行情况和医疗资源的可及性制定相关的预防和控制策略.

AbstractBackgroundThe rising burden of thyroid cancer (TC) is a public health problem in Asia. Predicting the future burden of TC in Asian countries is essential for disease prevention.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 for five Asian countries. We applied Bayesian age‐period‐cohort models to predict morbidity and mortality to 2035 and calculated age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR). Furthermore, the estimated annual percentage change was calculated to evaluate the variation of ASIR and ASMR.ResultsBy 2035, predictions suggest that cases of TC will reach 75.56 × 103 in China, 70.22 × 103 in India, 15.78 × 103 in the Republic of Korea, 9.01 × 103 in Japan and 5.55 × 103 in Thailand, respectively. Except Japan, a significant upward trend of ASIR of TC will be observed in five Asian countries. The deaths from TC will increase in five countries and India will become the highest reaching 14.07 × 103. The ASMR will rise to 0.83/100 000 in India and 1.06/100 000 in the Republic of Korea, while it will drop to 0.35/100 000 in China, 0.43/100 000 in Japan and 0.50/100 000 in Thailand. In further predictions projected by sex, the growth rate of ASIR is reported higher in males than in females among most countries. ASMR of male will exceed that of females in China and Thailand by 2035.ConclusionThe disease burden caused by TC will further increase in five Asian countries, especially for men. It is necessary to develop more rational and timely disease prevention and manage strategies facing this disease trend.

Background Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer for males worldwide, but the spatial and temporal trends of prostate cancer burden remain unknown in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the changing spatial and temporal trends of incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of prostate cancer, and their association with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) in 48 Asian countries from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data were extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool, covering 48 Asian countries from 1990 to 2019. The average annual percent change was calculated to evaluate temporal trends. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to obtain spatial patterns, and the association between SDI and prostate cancer burden was estimated using a spatial panel model. Results In Asia, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer increased in almost all countries, and its mortality and DALY also increased in over half of the countries. Significantly regional disparities were found in Asia, and the hot spots for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY were all located in Western Asia, the hot spots of percent change also occurred in Western Asia for incidence and DALY. Furthermore, SDI had a positive association with mortality (coef = 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-2.90) and negative association with DALY (coef = -14.99, 95% CI: -20.37 to -9.60) and MIR (coef = -0.95, 95%CI: -0.99 to -0.92). Conclusions Prostate cancer burden increased rapidly throughout Asia and substantial disparities had persisted between countries. Geographically targeted interventions are needed to reduce the prostate cancer burden throughout Asia and in specific countries.