The possibility of accelerating the reaction of meliorant-freshly calcified soil in a solution of 1 n. KCl is shown. Changes in the pH value during 20 days of soil-solution interaction were traced. Differences in the reaction rate have been established when using ameliorants of various chemical nature for liming. It was revealed that the reclamation effect when using silicate materials in the experiment was less than that of carbonate. According to the effect achieved as a result of liming, all meliorants used in the experiment can be arranged in the following descending order: dolomite flour (DF), crushed stone screening (CSS) conversion chalk (CC), dolomitized limestone flour (DLF) blast furnace slag (BFS) shale ash (SA). Empirical models of changes in the pHKCl value over the entire experimental interval have been developed for all lime fertilizers. Clustering of individual variants of the experiment, produced by various meliorants, according to their effect on the pHKCl index over the entire period of study was carried out.

Under the conditions of a 5-year vegetation-precision experiment based on acidic sod-podzolic sandy loam soil reclaimed with increasing (from 0.8 to 24 t/ha) doses of conversion chalk (CC), the effect of liming on the value of soil acidity (pHKCl), the content of mobile zinc compounds in the soil and its translocation into plants was studied, related to the cabbage, legume and cereal families. It was shown that with an increase in the dose of meliorant, the content of zinc available to plants in the soil decreased, and its transition to plant tissues slowed down. Quantitative parameters of zinc accumulation by spring rape plants were revealed 1 year, 4 and 5 years after liming. A relationship has been established between the zinc content in grain and straw of spring barley. In the range of meliorant doses from 0 to 2.0, calculated by hydrolytic acidity (Ha), barley grain accumulated zinc in sufficient quantities for the normal functioning of barley. The zinc content in vetch tissues, which allows plants to develop normally, varied in liming options from 0.2 to 1.7 Ha. Empirical models have been developed that adequately describe the relationship between: a – the dose of chalk application and the pH value of the soil achieved as a result of liming, b – the pH value of the soil and the zinc content in soil and plants, c – the zinc content in soil and its translocation into plant species of various biological families, d – zinc concentrations in grain and straw of plants.

In a long-term 10-variant microfield experiment based on a mediumacidic sod-podzolic light loamy soil, a comparative study of the reclamation properties of the screening of dolomite crumbs stored in dumps, without separation into fractions (SIF), particles of 5–7 and 7–10 mm in size and dolomite flour (DF) prepared from the screening of dolomite when sifting dolomite crumbs with the diameter of the holes is 0/25 mm. The experiment lasts for 14 experimental years. It has been revealed that dolomite particles of 5–7 and 7–10 mm in size are valuable calcareous material. Their use leads to the neutralization of soil acidity already in the year of liming. The higher the dose of application, the greater the reclamation effect. There were no significant differences in the effect of granules of 5–7 and 7–10 mm in size, applied in equivalent doses, on the pH value. The positive effect of liming with meliorant in the amount of 3 and 5 doses of hydrolytic acidity (Ah) did not end after 14 experimental years after reclamation and allowed to postpone the period of repeated (maintenance) liming. The positive effect of using a natural mixture of chalk fractions (SIF) in a scientifically justified dose was inferior to dolomite flour. Clustering of individual variants of the experiment was carried out according to their effect on the рHKCl value for the entire period of the experiment. Linear trends of the averaged dependencies of the acidification process for meliorant particles of various sizes over the entire period of the experiment have been developed. The mechanisms of interaction of dolomite particles with soil in the process of land reclamation are considered.

The aim of this article evaluate the long-term air quality in China based on the air quality index (AQI) and the air quality composite index (AQCI) though the multinomial logistic regression method. The two developed models employ different dependent variables, AQI and AQCI, while maintaining the same controlled variables gross domestic product (GDP), and a primary pollutant. Explicitly, the primary impurity is associated with one or more contaminants among six pollutant factors: O3, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO. Model quality verification is an integral part of our analysis. The results are illustrate d using real air quality data from China. The developed models were applied to predict AQI and ACQI for the 31 capital cities in China from 2013 to 2019 annually. All calculations and tests are conducted using R-studio. In summary, both models are able to predict China’s long-term air quality. A comparison of the AQI and AQCI models using the ROC curve reveals that the AQCI model exhibits greater significance than the AQI model.

Инструментарий для принятия решения о целесообразности применения технологий точного земледелия

In a 24-year vegetation precision experiment based on acidic sod-podzolic sandy loam soil reclaimed with conversion chalk (CC) in a wide dose range, the effect of liming on the content of calcium available to plants in the soil and its translocation into rapeseed tissue was established. The results showed that rapeseed is an ecologically plastic plant species. An increase in the amount of chalk introduced from 0.1 to 3 full doses calculated by hydrolytic acidity led to an increase in the Ca concentration in rapeseed in the liming year from 0.81 to 3.14%. Empirical dependences of calcium concentration in soil and plants on the dose of chalk application have been developed. 3 approaches to the analysis of experimental data describing the relationship of calcium content in the soil with its accumulation in plant tissues are considered. It is shown that artificial averaging of the data on the calcium content in the soil with the same dose of meliorant in individual repetitions led to loss of information, which was reflected in the statistical characteristics of the constructed empirical models.

In 2 vegetation experiments laid on acidic sod-podzolic light loamy soil, a comparative study of the fertilizing value and reclamation properties of finely ground dolomite flour (DF) particles used for road construction and blast furnace slag (FS) of a metallurgical plant was carried out. It was found that 1 year after liming, DF, introduced in doses equivalent to FS in terms of neutralizing ability, contributed to a greater shift in pHKCl and a greater accumulation of the sum of the exchange bases Ca2+ + Mg2+. In terms of the effect on the productivity of wheat straw, variations with FS, introduced in equal amounts with DF, were not inferior to the latter. The effect of liming DF on wheat grain yield was more significant than with FS. The relationship between the content of mobile Ca2+ + Mg2+ cations in reclaimed soil and the productivity of wheat grain was revealed. Empirical dependences describing the effect of increasing doses of meliorants on the transition of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese into straw and grain of plants have been developed. It is concluded that at the first stage of the dissolution of meliorants, their chemical nature was the leading factor in achieving the effect of curing. The degree of grinding of lime materials was of secondary importance.

In a 10-year laboratory experiment on columns, the migration mobility of calcium remaining in dolomite-reclaimed sod-podzolic soil after harvesting crops was studied. A “fund” of calcium compounds capable of migration in years with average long-term, excessive and insufficient levels of moisture has been identified. It was found that an increase in the volume of drained moisture contributed to an increase in unproductive calcium losses. The higher the dose of dolomite and the smaller the particle size, the greater the eluvial calcium loss. It is shown that the bulk of the calcium capable of migration was removed from the soil at the initial stage of washing. During the entire study period, migration calcium losses after pea harvesting exceeded losses after mustard cultivation. Empirical dependences describing the loss of calcium from the soil produced by dolomite in a wide range of doses have been developed. Various variants of the experiment were ranked according to the scale of calcium losses. It is shown that over 10 years of observations, the maximum calcium losses as a result of migration were characteristic of the variant of the experiment produced by dolomite flour calculated from the full dose of hydrolytic acidity. Calcium losses from soil reclaimed by dolomite particles of 5–7 and 7–10 mm in doses equal to 3 and 5 Hc were less.Key words: sod-podzolic light loamy soil, soil moisture availability, chemical reclamation, eluvial calcium losses, empirical models of migration process.

В 10-вариантном микрополевом опыте, заложенном на Меньковской опытной станции в 2011 г., изучено содержание и распределение обменного магния в профиле дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почвы, мелиорируемой частицами доломитовой крошки размером <0,25; 0,25–1; 1–3 и 3–5 мм в научно обоснованной дозе и при их сочетании между собой. Образцы были отобраны почвенным буром из ненарушенного профиля почвы до глубины 70 см спустя 13 опыто-лет после проведения известкования. Установлено, что использование частиц доломита привело к обогащению почвенной толщи обменным магнием. Во всех исследуемых вариантах отмечено увеличение концентрации магния по сравнению с аналогичными горизонтами почвы в контрольном варианте (без известкования). Выявлена сильная неоднородность в содержании катионов магния по глубине. Зависимость содержания катионов Mg от глубины является существенно нелинейной. Для контрольного варианта опыта, варианта с использованием известняковой муки и вариантов с применением смеси фракций <0,25 мм по 0,5 Нг + 0,25–1 мм по 0,5 Нг + 1–3 мм по 2 и 3 Нг удалось построить статистически значимые нелинейные зависимости содержания катионов магния от глубины отбора. Для указанных вариантов, включая вариант № 3, также характерна статистически значимая тенденция (линейный тренд) к изменению содержания обменного магния в среднем с увеличением глубины.

This study is devoted to the application of methods of applied statistics to the study of investment attractiveness of regions of China. Methods of applied statistics are widely used in various engineering research, medicine, economics, sociology, astronomy, ecology, physics, information technology, etc. statistical tools is an integral part of the study. Data taken from the World Bank website and the China Statistical Yearbook. The main topic of this research is: What factors are most strongly associated with investment attractiveness in the economy of modern China? Such a study can only be carried out based on the analysis of economic data, especially in the conditions of the modern digital economy. Consequently, the problem under consideration belongs to the field of applied mathematics. First of all, need to choose a mathematical model and research method. This paper uses the method of regression analysis - one of the most important methods for analyzing economic data. Regression models are mathematical models built from empirical data. Observations (empirical data) are the numerical data on the level of investment in the regions of China, as well as the numerical values of various factors. For each year, a multiple regression model is built using the least squares method, its statistical significance is checked, statistically significant factors are selected (statistically significant coefficients for the factors correspond to them). Calculations are carried out in Excel and SPSS, using subroutines and. Mathematical functions, but at the same time, an algorithm for analyzing the initial data based on a stepwise regression algorithm has been developed, in which only one factor with the least significant coefficient (maximum p-value (t)) is discarded at each step and then an algorithm for choosing the most important factors for investment attractiveness was developed, the essence of this algorithm is that the regression models are compared for each year and how many times each factor was included in the model is calculated algorithms can be attributed to the application of methods informatics in this work. The choice of the most important factors that determine the level of investment attractiveness is made to solve the problem of managing the economy. Attracting investments is important for the effective development of every region, every city, every district. With the receipt of significant investments, it is possible to solve the problems of economic and social development. Determination of the most important factors will make it possible to most effectively solve the problem of managing the economic development of each region, each city, each district.

В работе рассмотрен опыт изучения количественной внутриполевой изменчивости оптических характеристик растений методом вариограммного анализа. Приведен пошаговый алгоритм применения данного метода: от предварительной обработки исходной информации до анализа расчетов и принятия решений по выбору приоритетной агротехнологии в зависимости от способа ее реализации, т.е. рекомендуется осуществлять технологические воздействия либо дифференцированно, либо равномерно по всему полю. В качестве исходной информации использовались аэрокосмические снимки, по которым строились карты распределения индекса NDVI, который имеет высокую корреляционную связь с обеспеченностью растений азотом. По картам распределения NDVI, в свою очередь, были получены эмпирические вариограммы, каждая из которых затем аппроксимировалась непрерывной функцией нормированного вида. По параметрам данной функции с использованием ранее разработанной в АФИ методики и осуществляется выбор приоритета применения технологий точного земледелия. В течение последних трех лет проводились вычислительные эксперименты по аэрокосмическим снимкам полей полигона АФИ и концерна «Детскосельский» в Ленинградской области, позволяющие проанализировать разработанный геостатистический подход и сделать обоснованный вывод о целесообразности его использования при выборе оптимального способа применения планируемого агроприема. Вместе с тем для масштабируемости подхода предстоит создать автоматизированную систему дистанционного мониторинга для оценки перспективности перехода к точному земледелию на конкретной территории и включения новой возможности в функционал центра коллективного пользования «ИКИ-Мониторинг» Института космических исследований (ИКИ РАН).

Осушительные мелиоративные системы имеют большое значение для сельскохозяйственных территорий с зонами переувлажнения, выделяются открытые (поверхностные) и закрытые (подземные) дренажные объекты.Перспективным направлением для оперативной оценки состояния осушительных мелиоративных систем представляется использование данных дистанционного зондирования.Высоким потенциалом для решения таких задач обладает применение беспилотных летательных аппаратов, которые позволяют получать в сжатые сроки качественные изображения сельскохозяйственной территории в различных спектрах съёмки.В работе в качестве первого этапа решения масштабной задачи автоматизации методов анализа снимков для оценки состояния осушительных комплексов предложена специализированная база знаний (БЗ) основных неисправностей дренажей, подлежащих ремонту, на основе аэрофотоснимков и наземных измерений.Разработанная структура БЗ на базе концептуальной модели может быть оперативно имплементирована в веб

We propose a data transmission model in a special topology network in which two players(network nodes) seek to send as many randomly appearing data packets as possible through acommon node. It is assumed that the players do not have complete information about whether theother player has a data packet for possible transfer. For the solution, it is proposed to usecooperative and noncooperative approaches in accordance with which a cooperative solution andNash equilibrium are found. The price of anarchy is calculated to compare the total payoffs of theplayers in the cooperative solution and the Nash equilibrium.

The paper presents a model for clustering homogeneous firms according to their operation efficiency over a certain time period. The firm efficiency is studied by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, which is based on solving optimization problems and permits one to compare firms taking into account many factors of their operation. At the second step of the analysis, the time series of firm efficiency estimators obtained by DEA modeling are used to cluster firms and find stable partitions of the set of firms.