Under the conditions of a 5-year vegetation-precision experiment based on acidic sod-podzolic sandy loam soil reclaimed with increasing (from 0.8 to 24 t/ha) doses of conversion chalk (CC), the effect of liming on the value of soil acidity (pHKCl), the content of mobile zinc compounds in the soil and its translocation into plants was studied, related to the cabbage, legume and cereal families. It was shown that with an increase in the dose of meliorant, the content of zinc available to plants in the soil decreased, and its transition to plant tissues slowed down. Quantitative parameters of zinc accumulation by spring rape plants were revealed 1 year, 4 and 5 years after liming. A relationship has been established between the zinc content in grain and straw of spring barley. In the range of meliorant doses from 0 to 2.0, calculated by hydrolytic acidity (Ha), barley grain accumulated zinc in sufficient quantities for the normal functioning of barley. The zinc content in vetch tissues, which allows plants to develop normally, varied in liming options from 0.2 to 1.7 Ha. Empirical models have been developed that adequately describe the relationship between: a – the dose of chalk application and the pH value of the soil achieved as a result of liming, b – the pH value of the soil and the zinc content in soil and plants, c – the zinc content in soil and its translocation into plant species of various biological families, d – zinc concentrations in grain and straw of plants.

In 2 vegetation experiments laid on acidic sod-podzolic light loamy soil, a comparative study of the fertilizing value and reclamation properties of finely ground dolomite flour (DF) particles used for road construction and blast furnace slag (FS) of a metallurgical plant was carried out. It was found that 1 year after liming, DF, introduced in doses equivalent to FS in terms of neutralizing ability, contributed to a greater shift in pHKCl and a greater accumulation of the sum of the exchange bases Ca2+ + Mg2+. In terms of the effect on the productivity of wheat straw, variations with FS, introduced in equal amounts with DF, were not inferior to the latter. The effect of liming DF on wheat grain yield was more significant than with FS. The relationship between the content of mobile Ca2+ + Mg2+ cations in reclaimed soil and the productivity of wheat grain was revealed. Empirical dependences describing the effect of increasing doses of meliorants on the transition of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese into straw and grain of plants have been developed. It is concluded that at the first stage of the dissolution of meliorants, their chemical nature was the leading factor in achieving the effect of curing. The degree of grinding of lime materials was of secondary importance.

of of in is a traditional technique that provides optimization of soil conditions and contributes to high and stable yields. The of with intensive technologies is accompanied by the export of calcium with a yield, washing out with atmospheric precipitation, etc., so it is necessary to replenish calcium, which is economically costly. the optimum dosages for each type of ameliorant is necessary to adjust its quantity which provides the maximum effect from the application. For the first time, effect of various doses of ameliorant (limestone meal-dolomite) was evalu- ated in situ by the optical characteristics of spring wheat ( Triticun aestivum L.) cultivars and Trizo differing in grain productivity and responsiveness to nitrogen ferti- lizer application. Plants were grown in 5 litre containers with sod-podzolic soil, in natural light. The rates of applied ameliorant were 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 Hy (mmolc 100 g  1 ). Nitrogen (ammonium nitrate) was applied before seeding in two doses: optimal (1 g N) and deficit (0.15 g N) nutrition level in 5 kg of soil. The content of other mineral nutrients in the soil was similar in all cultivars of the experiment. Spectral characteristics of radiation reflected from leave surface (300- 1000 nanometers) were registered by a spectrometer HR2000 («Ocean Optics», USA). After reflection spectra recording, the spectral reflection indexes closely related to chlorophyll content, the ratio between the amount of carotenoids and that of chlorophylls, the light dispersion caused by changes of inner leaf structure, the activity of the photochemical processes of photosynthesis, anthocyanins and flavonols content were calculated. The results indicate that wheat cultivars respond differently to ameliorant and its favourable effect on plants productivity is more expressed under nitrogen deficien- cy. In response to ameliorant application at the optimum level of nitrogen supply, grain yield of cv. changed. Grain production of cv. Triso was higher throughout the range of application doses. Range of a positive response to the impact of ameliorant of cv. Krasnoufimskaya was narrower in comparison to cv. Trizo and shifted toward lower doses. Close correla- tion between the grain yield under different ameliorant doses and the content of chlorophyll in the leaves (chlorophyll index) for the Krasnoufimskaya 100 ( R 2 = 0.87) and Trizo ( R 2 = 0.88) was found. the indices characterize efficiency of light energy conversion in the of also efficiency of light energy use through photosynthesis.

Изучен микроэлементный состав растений рапса, выращенных на почве, произвесткованной возрастающими дозами конверсионного мела. Установлены отличия в содержании Mn, Zn, Fe и Cu в растениях в год известкования и спустя 5 лет после его применения. Выявлено, что концентрация Mn в рапсе под действием известкования снижалась во все годы наблюдений. Для Zn подобная закономерность установлена только в год применения мелиоранта. Концентрация Cu и Fe в тканях рапса в вариантах, произвесткованных разными дозами мелиоранта, определялась сложными процессами антагонизма и синергизма с кальцием вне зависимости от года проведения эксперимента.

В длительном (5 лет) вегетационном опыте с известкованием проведено изучение скорости растворения конверсионного мела, используемого в широком интервале доз. Установлено, что полное разложение мела, вносимого в почву в больших количествах, достигается на третий–четвертый годы после его применения. Выявлено, что увеличение концентрации доступного для растений стронция в почве сосудов опыта продолжается до полного растворения мела (3–4 года), далее незначительно уменьшаясь. Дана оценка уровня загрязнения почвы в различных вариантах опыта. Показано, что доза вносимого мела оказывает решающее значение на поступление в растения стронция. Выявлены различия в накоплении стронция рапсом в год применения мела и на третий–четвертый годы его последействия. Установлено, что переход кальция в зерно и солому ячменя, а стронция – в солому ячменя протекает по безбарьерному типу, а стронция в зерно ячменя – по барьерному типу. Проведено ранжирование различных видов сельскохозяйственных растений по их способности накапливать стронций в своих тканях. Представлены данные содержания стронция в вегетативных и генеративных органах различных сортов яровой пшеницы. Приведены величины кальций-стронциевого отношения и коэффициенты накопления стронция растениями из различных биологических семейств. Рассчитаны коэффициенты дискриминации при поступлении кальция и стронция в растения. Сделан вывод, что произвесткованная мелом почва будет и дальше генерировать потоки стронция в растения.