为探讨贺兰山不同生境类型地表甲虫群落多样性特征及其与环境因子的关系,2017年7-8月采用陷阱法调查了贺兰山垂直植被带9种生境地表甲虫群落多样性,采用典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了地表甲虫群落科级水平组成与环境因子的相关性.共采集地表甲虫27 625头,隶属于24科239种,科级水平组成反映了干旱区山地的昆虫区系特征,其中,步甲科、金龟科和拟步甲科为优势科,个体数量分别占到39.779％、29.448％和16.525％.灰榆疏林地表甲虫群落科丰富度和活动密度最高,旱生落叶灌丛Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数最高,典型草原Simpson优势度指数最高.CCA表明地表甲虫群落多样性与环境因子关系进行的分组与沿海拔梯度按生境类型进行的分组之间呈现较明显的对应关系;海拔、土壤含水量和枯落物盖度明显影响地表甲虫群落多样性;在较小空间尺度,地形因子对地表甲虫分布相对重要.

研究了越南伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia vietnamiensis)对泰乐菌素的降解能力,并通过对降解产物的分析,推测了泰乐菌素的微生物降解途径.在自主筛选驯化分离到1株泰乐菌素高效降解菌B.vietnamiensis的基础上,采用高效液相色谱法测定其在不同条件下降解泰乐菌素的能力,并利用制备液相色谱分离纯化降解产物,质谱鉴定其结构.实验结果表明:B.vietnamiensis能高度耐受并快速降解泰乐菌素,用B.vietnamiensis处理初始浓度为50、100、200、300、400或500 mg·L-1的泰乐菌素培养基7d,泰乐菌素的降解率均达到99％以上.B.vietnamiensis降解泰乐菌素的可能途径是:泰乐菌素A首先脱去碳霉糖转化为泰乐菌素B,然后分子中内酯键和醛基再经水解和还原生成2个新的降解产物.研究结果为泰乐菌素微生物降解机制的研究以及在此基础上降解酶的确定提供有价值的技术参考.

目的:研究高压注射器注射总量及注射速率上升时间对注射压力的影响.材料与方法:使用MEDRAD Mark V Provis高压注射器,TERUM0 80/0.038导管;320碘佛醇造影剂,室温230C注射.方法:注射速率固定,分别在rise为0.1S、0.2s、0.3s时,将注射量(volume)分别设定为2、4、6、8、10、15、20、30ml,将压力限制(pressure limit)值设定为300psi.注射后检查高压注射器真实压力值.结果:在高压注射器注射时间小于3s时,其注射压力不能达到完成规定速率的压力值,注射速率和注射总量均不能满足要求.改变注射总量、rise值及注射时间,对于注射速率,压力无影响.

建立了药渣中四环素及其衍生物残留的高效液相色谱检测方法.样品经pH 4.0的EDTA-Mcll-vaine缓冲溶液提取后,用Agilent HC-C18色谱柱,以甲醇:乙腈(1∶2,V/V),含0.01 mol/L草酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长300nm.结果表明,方法检出限为0.05～0.10 mg/L,在0.1～100.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,加标回收率为85.8％～100.5％.该方法简便、快速、准确、选择性好,适用于药渣中四环素及其衍生物的定性定量分析.

Objective:To develop a method for the determination of tylosin residue in pharmaceutical waste using solid phase extraction(SPE)-high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detection system.Methods:Tylosin in pharmaceutical waste was extracted using methanol,defatted with hexane,purified on a C18-SPE column,and then determined using C18-reversed-phase column with external standard.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.02 mol·L-1 phosphate buffer and the flow rate was 1.0 mL· min-1 with isocratic elution.Results:The tylosin concentrations within the range of 0.1-100 mg·L-1 exhibited a better linearity.The recoveries at spiked concentration of 16,20,24 mg·L-1 were in the range of 92.9%-107.1%,and the relative standard deviations were 2.4%-4.1%.The detection limit was 0.05 mg·L-1.Conclusion:This method can be used utilization for the detection of tylosin residue in pharmaceutical waste and feed.

A tylosin-degrading strain TS1 was isolated from the soil deposited by tylosin pharmaceutical waste. The cells of the isolate were Gram-negative rods and the colony morphology was round, oyster white, opaque, and smooth with regular edge. Strain TS1 was capable of degrading 100% of tylosin in medium with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L after 5days of incubation. The tylosin degradation by the strain TS1 followed a first-order kinetics model. For tylosin with the initial concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/L, the degradation equations were lnc=0.4078 t +4.043, lnc=-0.4496 t+4.8416, lnc=-0.4069 t+5.4932, lnc=-0.4174 t +5.9766, lnc=-0.4233 t + 6.2483, and lnc=-0.342 t+6.4618, and the half-life periods (t1/2) were 1.69, 1.54, 1.70, 1.66, 1.64, 2.03 d, respectively. When the peptone or NH4 +-N was used as co-metabolism substrate with tylosin, strain TS1 could degrade above 99% of tylosin in medium with an initial concentration of 300 mg/L after incubation for 7days. The kinetics equations of degradation were lnc=-0.4174 t+5.9766 and lnc=-0.3719 t+6.0133, and t1/2 were 1.66 d and 1.86 d, respectively. However, only 66.7% of tylosin was degraded by the strain TS1 after 10days of incubation when glucose was selected as co-metabolism substrate, and t1/2 was also extended to 6.44days, suggesting that glucose may have a negative action on the tylosin degradation by the strain TS1.

Tetracycline production by means of fermentation generated masses of pharmaceutical solid waste which though contains rich nutrition can not be reclaimed and utilized due to the tetracycline residues it contains.In this paper,a tetracycline-degrading strain was isolated and identified by 16S rDNA as Citrobacter amalonaticus,and the degradation experiment results indicated that the antibiotic waste containing residual tetracycline was treated with C.amalonaticus for 108 h under the conditions of temperature 35 ℃,pH value 5.5,liquid volume 50 mL,incubation amount 5% and rotation speed 150 r/min.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the physicochemical properties of two types of Lipiodol-Adriamycin pharmaceutics after heated. Methods Ultra-fluid lipiodol Adriamycin emulsion (UFL-ADM Emulsion, UAE) and ultra-fluid lipiodol Adriamycin suspension (UFL-ADM Suspension, UAS) was prepared by "pumping technique".After heated up at different temperature of 25℃,40℃,50℃,60℃ for two hours, the time of delamination and sediment of pharmaceutics was counted, the viscosity was measured, the form of the particle was observed by the microscope, the concentration of ADM in liquid of dialysis was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometic method for the ADM releasing rate.Results After heated up,the delamination and sediment of UAS and UAE was speeded up. In the sight of the microscope, the heated pharmaceutics had more big particulate/oil-drop. In comparison with the degree of 25℃, both the relative viscosity and the relative viscosity ratio of the two pharmaceutics reduced about two times at the degree of 60℃, the releasing rate was lower(Ρ0.05). Among the groups at the degree of 25℃,40℃,50℃, each pharmaceutics had nearly the same releasing rate(Ρ0.05). In the group at the degree of 60℃, the releasing rate of UAS, USE and Adriamycin-Saline solution almost had no difference(Ρ0.05). Conclusion After heated, the physical stability of UAE and UAS is reduced, the viscosity become lower, ADM releasing rate is fell. The heated Lipiodol-Adriamycin pharmaceutics had advantage in the interventional embolization chemotherapy of the neoplasm.