An overview of the work on the development and use of global numerical models of the atmosphere, that has been carried out in the Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics (Central Aerological Observatory), is presented. The models were created in the framework of the Roshydromet plans.

— The results of a comparative analysis of the fluxes and spectra of solar protons measured in September 2017 by satellites at different orbits (ELECTRO-L No. 2, GOES 13, and METEOR-3 No. 2) and the results of modeling of the ionization rate in the polar atmosphere based on data from these experiments are presented. It is found based on data from Russian and US satellites that the proton spectra are sufficiently close to each other and are exponential. Calculations of the ionization rate in the polar atmosphere based on data from the three experiments showed close results, except for those at low altitudes.

The relationships between circulation characteristics in the lower atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere and the sunspot cycle are analyzed with the use of the superposed epoch method and elements of correlation analysis on the basis of data on the length of elementary circulation processes of different types (according to Dzerdzeevsky classification) and the time series of Wolf numbers for 1899–2016. It is ascertained that a general intensification of solar activity promotes an increase in the length of meridional forms of circulation, but its effect on different subtypes of elementary circulation mechanisms is different. Seasonal differences in the solar effect on the lower atmosphere are also revealed.

The results of Russian investigations into the Earth’s middle atmosphere that were published in the period of 2011–2014 are presented. The survey is prepared as part of the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences for the XXVI General Assembly of the International Union on Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) that was held from June 22 to July 2, 2015, in Prague, Czech Republic.

The results of a three-dimensional numerical simulation of changes in the temperature and wind within a height range of up to 100 km caused by changes in fluxes in the solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the 23rd solar activity cycle (which was characterized by unusually low values of UV-radiation fluxes) and also of global changes in the ozone content are presented. The simulation results showed that the response of the temperature to variations in the UV radiation are substantially of a nonzonal character, which is caused by the presence in the model of sources of quasi-stationary waves corresponding to the observational data.

Представлено описание численной глобальной фотохимической модели CHARM (CHemical Atmospheric Researh Model) и результаты трехмерного численного моделирования климатологических распределений озона и других малых газовых составляющих атмосферы Земли в диапазоне высот 0–90 км. Представлены также результаты реализации численных сценариев воздействия, вызванного изменением потоков УФ радиации Солнца в цикле его активности, а также обусловленного разрушением озона в полярных областях частицами высоких энергий космического происхождения. Для описания пространственного переноса химически активной примеси в модели (схема Пратера) были использованы расчеты глобальных полей компонент ветра и полей температуры с помощью модели общей циркуляции ARM (Atmospheric Research Model).

We describe the numerical global photochemical model CHARM (CHemical Atmospheric Research Model) and the results of a numerical simulation of climatological distributions of ozone and other atmospheric trace gases in a height range of up to 90 km. We also present the results of numerical scenarios of an impact induced by a change in UV radiation fluxes in the solar activity cycle and conditioned by ozone depletion in polar regions by high-energy particles of cosmic origin. The spatial transport of chemically active species is described in the model (the Prather scheme) on the basis of global fields of wind components and temperature calculated by the ARM (Atmospheric Research Model) general circulation model.

Nitrogen oxides, produced as a result of ionizing proton impacts, have long lifetimes and substantially affect the ozone balance. Photochemical models give an increased production level of nitrogen oxides during solar proton flares. The usage of an increased NO production effectiveness value (molecule number per each ion pair) during increased ionization of the atmosphere in models can be among the causes. This value has been estimated based on satellite observational data. Data on the solar proton fluxes and the composition of the atmosphere have been used. The period of the proton event of July 14, 2000, has been considered. The NO production effectiveness, obtained when the observational data were analyzed, was much smaller than the value obtained previously theoretically. The causes of these differences should be studied additionally.

Presented at 39th International COSPAR Assembly, July 2012, Mysore, India. Тезисы доклада http://www.copar-assembly-org

Presented at 3rd International Workshop “Study of cosmic rays influence upon the atmosphere” supported by International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, Switzerland, 11-15 June, 2012.Тезисы доклада http://www.issibern.ch

3rd High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere. Workshop Spain, Granada, May 9-11, 2011. C.1

Altitude—temporal cross-sections q( z, t ) of atmospheric ionization rates by solar protons above the polar regions were calculated using the GOES-10 satellite data on solar proton fluxes for the period of solar proton flare (SPF) on July 14, 2000. The values of q( z, t ) were used further in calculations of variations of the atmospheric chemical composition during the flare in the northern and southern polar regions (70°N and 70°S) by two different 1D photochemical models of the atmosphere (neutral and charged components). The calculation results have shown considerable variation of the ozone content after SPF: a decrease of [O3] was about 80% at altitudes of 65–75 km above northern and 25% in the layer of 55–65 km above the southern polar region. Such decrease of the ozone content is a result of reactions with [NO] and [OH] whose concentrations have grown substantially during SPF. According to calculations, the increase of electron concentration during SPF has reached 3–4 orders of magnitude at altitudes of 50–80 km. A comparison of the calculation results with the observational data on [NO], [NO2], and [O3] from the UARS and HALOE satellites for 70°N have shown a good qualitative correspondence, however, for variations of nitric oxides there are quantitative discrepancies.

Using the solar proton fluxes data in different energetic channels, as measured by GOES-10 satellites, the strongest solar proton events (SPE) of the 23-rd cycle of the Sun activity have been selected. The atmosphere ionization rates caused by the strongest SPEs were calculated using energetic solar protons spectrum. This data have been used for calculations of middle north polar atmosphere ionization rates during appropriate periods. The response of the middle atmosphere composition was simulated. The computation results showed that the atmosphere ionization and ozone content depletion was strongest after SPE 14.07.2000, 08.11.2000, 04.11.2001, 28.10.2003. The special season features of atmospherical response were found.