У статті розглянуті питання визначення вартості життєвого циклу вантажного вагона при понаднормативній експлуатації. Значне місце для забезпечення безперебійної роботи залізничного транспорту, що в свою чергу робить його конкурентоспроможним на ринку транспортних послуг, належить надійності та безпечній експлуатації наявного вагонного парку. Проте тенденція збільшення кількості вагонів, які знаходяться в несправному стані, набула значного темпу. За даними АТ “Українська залізниця” із наявного парку вантажних вагонів робочий парк складає 62%, неробочий – 38%, а загальний знос вантажних вагонів становить 91%. Через обмежені можливості оновлення вагонів в необхідній кількості та при поліпшенні ситуації, пов’язаної із ростом обсягів перевезень, відповідно зростатиме інтенсифікація експлуатації вагонів в перевізному процесі, що також призводить до прискореного погіршення технічного стану вагонного парку, яке відбувається значно швидше, ніж оновлення. Однією з основних вимог до рухомого складу є його надійність та безпечна робота протягом усього терміну експлуатації. Надійність вантажних вагонів у процесі роботи досягається дотриманням науково-обґрунтованої та економічно обґрунтованої системи утримання, важливим показником якої є величина вироблених витрат за весь його життєвий цикл. Для вантажного вагона можна виділити три етапи життєвого циклу. До першого етапу належать науково-дослідні та дослідно-конструкторські з визначення перспективних характеристик та в цілому розробка вагону.Досить містким є другий етап, до якого відноситься безпосередня експлуатація вантажного вагона протягом терміну його служби (також за умови роботи вагона у понаднормативний термін). В третьому етапі знаходиться списання вагона та його утилізація.Витрати першого етапу життєвого циклу, можуть виробником повністю включатись у ціну вагона. Враховуючи цей фактор, елементами життєвого циклу є витрати другого та третього етапів життєвого циклу. Що стосується найбільшої статті витрат, то вона припадає саме на другий етап, який розглядається для визначення вартості життєвого циклу вантажного вагона при продовженні терміну служби.

A disinfectant was created for aerosol disinfection of premises in the presence of poultry, which will help reduce microbial contamination of premises, increase survival, weight of poultry and economic efficiency of meat production in general. The preparation based on essential oils can be used for disinfection in the presence of poultry and at the same time exhibits a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on respiratory infections. This disinfectant has a colloidal solution of silver (Ag), benzalkonium chloride and essential oils of thyme, fir and eucalyptus. The preparation based on essential oils contains (per 100 g): benzalkonium chloride – 16.0 g; thyme oil – up to 2.0 g; eucalyptus oil – up to 2.0 g; fir oil – up to 2.0 g; colloidal solution of silver (Ag) – 20–30 mg; distilled water - up to 100 cm3. Aerosol sanitation of indoor air was carried out with 0.3% solution of preparation in the period before housing poultry and once a day from the 20th to the 35th day of growing broilers with aerosol cold mist generator Dyna-Fog Tornado (model 2897, construction type – ULV-electric spray gnerator, manufacturer – Curtis Dyna-Fog, Ltd., USA) at a dose of 50.0 cm3 per 1 m3 at an exposure of 60 minutes. The size of the aerosol particles is 20 μm. On days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 28, 37, and 42, the chickens were weighed, and the blood was taken for examination. Blood was examined to study the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin content, the bactericidal activity of blood serum, phagocyte activity of leukocytes, lysozyme activity of blood serum. According to the results of the research, the technological modes of air disinfection of poultry premises in the presence of broiler chickens were substantiated during the use of preparation, which contains nanoparticles (NP) of silver, benzalkonium chloride and essential oils. The optimal mode of aerosol treatment of poultry houses using a 0.3% solution preparation based on essential oils is 50 mL/m3 of a room with a 60-minute exposure. The use of air disinfection in the presence of chickens during broiler rearing and one treatment per day from 20 to 35 days of the chickens’ growth reduced the microbial pollution of indoor air. Thus, the concentration of microbial cells in the room where the chickens were kept was 230.2 ± 15.6 thousand microbial cell/m3. Sixty minutes after disinfection, the concentration decreased to 1.4 ± 0.4 thousand microbial cell/m3. In addition, the bodyweight of chickens at 6 weeks increased by 449.4 ± 16.3 g (15.9%) compared with the controls. The method and mode of air treatment did not adversely affect the development of the internal organs of the poultry and their physiological state, which is confirmed by studies of the morphological parameters of the chicken blood. The data obtained indicate a positive effect of the developed methods and modes of aerosol air treatment with the preparation based on essential oils on the growth and development of broilers.

Ectoparasitic diseases of domestic animals are an urgent problem of modern veterinary medicine. Mite-borne dermatitis acquires the greatest epizootological, epidemiological and social significance. According to the results of the conducted researches it has been established that the etiological factors of parasitic dermatoses in domestic animals are the mites Otodectes cynotis, Sarcoptes canis, Demodex canis, Notoedres cati, Demodex cati and Psoroptes cuniculi. According to the results of the laboratory study, the prevalence of mite infestation among stray dogs is 66.7%, the mean intensity of invasion is 2.3 ticks in the field of view of the microscope, and among cats the prevalence of mite infestation is 75.0% with the mean intensity of infestation 3.0 ticks in the field of view of the microscope. The study of scrapings from the ears of rabbits revealed Psoroptes cuniculi mites, and the prevalence of the infection was 11.4% at the mean intensity of 3.0 mites in the field of view of the microscope. According to the results of the research it was established that the preparative forms of amitraz (drug No 1 with amitraz content of 2.0 mg/ml and drug No. 2 with amitraz content of 3.0 mg/ml) exhibit high acarinocidal properties and can be used to treat animals (dogs, cats, rabbits) with otodectosis, sarcoptosis, psoroptosis, notohedrosis, demodecosis.

A.P. Paliy, S.A. Gujvinska, K.O. Rodionova, N.V. Alekseeva, O.V. Ponomarenko, M.S. Alrawashdeh, T.A. Yeletskaya, G.V. Ponomarenko, V.Yu. Kushnir, A.P. Palii National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 83 Pushkinska St, Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine Luhansk National Agrarian University, 68, Slobojanska Str., Starobilsk, 92703, Ukraine Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, 25 Sergii Yefremov St, Dnipro, 49600, Ukraine Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, 1 Akademicheskaya St, urban settlement Malaya Danilivka, Dergachivsky district, Kharkov region, 62341, Ukraine University Mutah, P.O Box. 7, AL Karak, 61710, Jordan Institute of Animals Science of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1A Givotnovodov St, Kharkiv, 61026, Ukraine Odessa State Agrarian University, 13 Panteleimonovskaya St, Odessa, 65012, Ukraine Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture named after Petro Vasylenko, 44 Alchevskih St, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine

The spread of dermatophytosis among animals and humans in the localities of Ukraine in particular in the city of Kharkiv is due to the presence of range of the most susceptible animals. This information mainly concerns dogs and cats that can be affected by dermatophytosis and may be a reservoir of dermatophyte fungus. Particularly important is that domestic dogs and cats represent a significant epidemiological threat to the population. The purpose of the research was to monitor the morbidity of dermatophytosis in domestic dogs and cats in Kharkiv. Diagnostic studies of dermatophytosis morbidity level determination in domestic dogs and cats were performed complexly including the clinical and epizootic data, microscopic and mycological laboratory tests conducted according to generally accepted methods (Kovalenko et al., 2017; Sutton, Fothergill and Rinaldi, 2001). Dermatophytosis was diagnosed among 231 animals in the study of 1,277 domestic dogs kept by the inhabitants of the city of Kharkiv which was in 18.09% of samples. Dermatophytosis was also detected in 615 animals which constitutes 50.25% in the study of 1,124 cats. The cultures of dermatophytosis agent Microsporum canis were isolated from 126 dogs (18.98%) and 110 cats (40.74%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes cultures were isolated from 16 dogs (2.41%) and 16 cats (5.93%). The percentage of isolated cultures of mold and yeast-like fungi in the studies of sick dogs and cats were 38.55% and 22.25% respectively. Obtained results indicate quite high level of the dermatophytosis spreading among domestic dogs and cats in the city of Kharkiv.

The article is devoted to statutory service life extension of locomotives on the basis of mathematical methods and provisions of the following theories: reliability, games, probability, aging, pattern recognition, and others. Methods of reliability theory have been used to simulate a system of repairs and critical assessment of options for organization of maintenance and repair in excess of statutory service life of locomotives. Methods of game theory are used to determine the tactics of locomotive maintenance over normative term of use. Methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics are used for collecting and processing initial data, the laws of distribution of random variables of working properties and loads are determined in the calculation of the reliability of bearing structures of locomotives, as well as the effectiveness of replacing the old rolling stock with a new one. Methods based on the theory of aging to determine values of criteria for estimating boundary terms for various variants of the strategy of prolonging the operation of locomotives in excess of the normative term. Methods of pattern recognition theory are used to adjust the system of obtaining locomotives in excess of the normative lifetime.

Purpose. One of the main conditions of the effective and high-quality organization of rail hauling is availability of modern rolling stock. However, the analysis of technical condition confirms its considerable moral and physical deterioration. The main purpose of the article is search of possible ways of improvement of technical condition of the existing car fleet on the railroads of Ukraine. Methodology. The current state of a rail transport not fully meets the modern requirements. For the last decades updating of fixed assets has been provided generally at the expense of own means of the railroads and satisfied the need for capital investments only for 5-6 percent. At the same time, actually since declaration of independence of Ukraine the price growth rates for the products consumed by the railroads exceeded the fare growth rates that did not allow to update in necessary amount and to improve technical condition of the rolling stock. Findings. The article presents the analysis of freight rolling stock of Ukrainian Railways, which showed unsatisfactory condition of the cars. The railway industry today works on the old principles, which do not correspond to the modern world trends in organization of work of railway transport, contribute to the inefficiency of its functioning and impede further development, constraining the inflow of investment to this industry, hamper cooperation with private companies. Insufficient funding and imperfect system of repair and maintenance inhibit the development and reduce the competitiveness of railway transport of Ukraine. However, the implementation of strategic directions of development of the transport sector, a review of the above constraints and using the experience of advanced countries will steer the rail transport out of the crisis. Originality. The authors presented comprehensive consideration of issues to improve the car maintenance system while extending the life of their operation. Practical value. Possible ways to improve the technical condition of rolling stock were researched and proposed. This will allow extending the car lifetime and optimizing the costs of maintenance, depot and major repairs.

Modern complex disinfectants should not only be highly effective against most pathogens, but also safe for the body of laboratory and farm animals. To determine the effect of microbicides on animal organism, there are several commonly accepted parameters that are regulated by relevant methodological documents. Taking into account the urgency of the development and implementation of modern disinfectants, the purpose of the researche was to study the effects of the drug "Orgsept" on the indicators of acute toxicity and its harmful effects on laboratory animals. The determination of acute toxicity, the study of the cumulative and skin-resorptive action of the drug "Orgasept" was performed on clinically healthy white mice, and the irritating effect and sensitizing properties were studied on Guinea pigs. The studies were conducted using generally accepted techniques (Yakubchak et al., 2005). According to the results of the research, acute toxicity, cumulative, sensitizing, irritating, skin-resorptive action of the disinfectant based on lactic acid and nanoparticles of silver "Orgasept" on laboratory animals were determined. It has been determined that the investigated preparation according to sanitary-and-hygienic norms GOST 12.1.007-76 belongs to the 3 groups of toxicity in concentrations which are significantly higher than bactericidal, it does not have a pronounced cumulative, sensitizing and skin-resorptive action.

Purpose. The research work focuses on forecasting of performance evaluation of the tractive and non-tractive vehicles that will satisfy and meet the needs and requirements of the railway industry, which is constantly evolving. Methodology. Analysis of the technical condition of the existing fleet of rolling stock (tractive and non-tractive) of Ukrainian Railways shows a substantial reduction that occurs in connection with its moral and physical wear and tear, as well as insufficient and limited purchase of new units of the tractive and non-tractive rolling stock in the desired quantity. In this situation there is a necessity of search of the methods for determination of rolling stock technical characteristics. One of such urgent and effective measures is to conduct forecasting of the defining characteristics of the vehicles based on the processes of their reproduction in conditions of limited resources using a continuous exponential function. The function of the growth rate of the projected figure degree for the vehicle determines the logistic characteristic that with unlimited resources has the form of an exponent, and with low ones – that of a line. Findings. The data obtained according to the proposed method allowed determining the expected (future) value, that is the ratio of load to volume of the body for non-tractive rolling stock (gondola cars) and weight-to-power for tractive rolling stock, the degree of forecast reliability and the standard forecast error, which show high prediction accuracy for the completed procedure. As a result, this will allow estimating the required characteristics of vehicles in the forecast year with high accuracy. Originality. The concept of forecasting the characteristics of the vehicles for decision-making on the evaluation of their prospects was proposed. Practical value. The forecasting methodology will reliably determine the technical parameters of tractive and non-tractive rolling stock, which will meet the modern requirements of the railroading, including at the design stage and while upgrading the vehicles.