In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of silica nanoparticle (SiO2NP) suspension for pre-sowing inoculation of spring wheat seeds under soil and climatic conditions of the Western Siberia. We report that SiO2NP suspension at concentrations of 3 × 10−7

The optimal temperature regime for the synthesis of glass ceramics with YNbO4:Tb3+ crystalline inclusions has been established. Glass ceramics were synthesized on the basis of a sodium borate matrix from oxide precursors. It has been established that synthesis at a temperature of 950°C is optimal, since at this temperature only one crystalline phase YNbO4:Tb3+ is formed in the glass and its content is maximum. The spectra of crystalline inclusions and the glass matrix were obtained by the method of local cathodoluminescence, the phase composition of glass ceramics was studied by X-ray phase analysis.

Relevance. The concept of "people" has a system-forming significance for the modern political structure of the world. This is due to the exclusive right of the people to self-determination. In other words, the people within the territory of residence are the only source of power, which allows them to organize states, establish rules of conduct (laws) on their territory. The development of technology has made the experience of interacting with the digital space a part of everyday human life. The gradual adoption of digital reality as the main pattern will form the need for users to equip the digital environment in the image and likeness of the physical world. With the development of intersubjective digital relations, in the presence of favorable conditions, the nature of relations between group members is qualitatively transformed, which can form such users' idea of their group as a digital people.The purpose of the study is to explore the nature and prospects of digital people, i.e. highly organized groups of users who have established their own rules in a certain digital space and influence the virtual and physical world.Objectives: conceptualization of the concept of “digital people”, analysis of the historical, philosophical and legal foundations of the digital people as a phenomenon; identifying scenarios for the development of intergroup relations among active users of the global information and telecommunications network.Methodology. The research methodology includes an interdisciplinary and systematic approach, a method of historical analysis.Results. An analysis of the historical, philosophical and legal foundations of the formation of many people into a people was carried out, which made it possible to conceptualize the concept of “digital people” as a more complex socio-political phenomenon, emerging at the intersection of the virtual and physical world.Conclusions. A comprehensive philosophical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of digital people made it possible to identify the source of power of such a group, which stems from the group itself, and therefore, at the stage of establishing its rules within the occupied digital space and/or establishing a digital state, such a group will not need approval and approval from the outside third parties.

The main aim of this work was to perform low-temperature synthesis of glass-ceramics with YNbO4:Eu3+ crystallites and study the structural and luminescent properties of the samples synthesized. The inclusions crystallized in the ЅіО2–Na2О–K2O–Y2O3–Nb2O5–Eu2O3 (SiNaK) and B2O5–Na2О–Y2O3–Nb2O5–Eu2O3 (BNa) systems under the conditions of low-temperature synthesis were studied for the first time. It was shown that YNbO4:Eu3+ was crystallized in both systems under study. In the SiNaK system, SiO2 (quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite) was also crystallized under the chosen conditions. The BNa system was found to be most promising for the synthesis of doped glass-ceramics with YNbO4 because this system allows formation of only the desired crystallites. The luminescent properties of crystalline inclusions were studied by local cathodoluminescence. The glass-ceramics composition and structure were studied by X-ray spectral microanalysis and X-ray diffraction analysis.

The main aim of this work was to perform low-temperature synthesis of glass-ceramics with YNbO4 : Tb3+ crystalline inclusions and study the structural and luminescent properties of the samples synthesized. In the framework of this work, inclusions crystallized in the system B2O5-Na2O-Y2O3 -Nb2O5-Tb4O7 (Bura). It was shown that in this system, regardless of the precursors in the samples, YNbO4 : Tb3+ in an amount of more than 70% of the total crystalline component. The most promising system for the synthesis of activated glass-ceramics with YNbO4 proved to be synthesized from oxide precursors; it crystallized more than 95% YNbO4 : Tb3+ of the total crystalline component. The luminescent properties of crystalline inclusions were studied using the local cathodoluminescence method. The composition and structure of glass ceramics were studied by methods X-ray spectral microanalysis and X-ray diffraction phase analysis. Keywords: YNbO4 : Tb3+, luminescence, glass-ceramics.

The purpose of this work is development of glasses for radioactive materials encapsulation. Borosilicate-based glass systems R7/T7 (B2O3-ЅіO2-Al2O3-Na2O-СaO) doped with Eu3+, with various concentrations of activator were studied. The composition of the obtained glasses was investigated using electron-probe microanalysis technique. Optical properties of glasses were investigated using the following methods – cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence and absorption spectra. The range of the optimal activator concentration was determined.Samples of borosilicate glass (B2O3-ЅіO2-Al2O3-Na2O-СaO) doped with varied content of Eu3+ were synthesized and studied using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and optical techniques such as cathodoluminescence (CL), photoluminescence (PL) and light absorption spectroscopy. Glass composition was related to development of nuclear waste form or encapsulation matrix with sufficient resistance to radiation damage. It was observed that electron beam irradiation suppresses intensity of glass cathodoluminescence and this process is correlated with sodium diffusion outside irradiated area at comparable interval of time

The optimal temperature regime for the synthesis of glass ceramics with YNbO 4 :Tb 3+ crystalline inclusions has been established. Glass ceramics were synthesized on the basis of a sodium borate matrix from oxide precursors. It has been established that synthesis at a temperature of 950°C is optimal, since at this temperature only one crystalline phase YNbO 4 :Tb 3+ is formed in the glass and its content is maximum. The spectra of crystalline inclusions and the glass matrix were obtained by the method of local cathodoluminescence, the phase composition of glass ceramics was studied by X-ray phase analysis.

The optimal temperature regime for the synthesis of glass ceramics with YNbO4 : Tb3+ crystalline inclusions has been established. Glass ceramics were synthesized on the basis of a sodium borate matrix from oxide precursors. It has been established that synthesis at a temperature of 950°C is optimal, since at this temperature only one crystalline phase YNbO4 : Tb3+ is formed in the glass and its content is maximum. The spectra of crystalline inclusions and the glass matrix were obtained by the method of local cathodoluminescence, the phase composition of glass ceramics was studied by X-ray phase analysis.

The optimal temperature regime for the synthesis of glass ceramics with YNbO 4 : Tb 3+ crystalline inclusions has been established. Glass ceramics were synthesized on the basis of a sodium borate matrix from oxide precursors. It has been established that synthesis at a temperature of 950 o C is optimal, since at this temperature only one crystalline phase YNbO 4 : Tb 3+ is formed in the glass and its content is maximum. The spectra of crystalline inclusions and the glass matrix were obtained by the method of local cathodoluminescence, the phase composition of glass ceramics was studied by X-ray phase analysis. Keywords: YNbO 4 , luminescence, terbium ion, glass ceramics.

Layers of ZnSe and ZnCdxSe (x ~ 0.32-0.35) grown on GaAs (001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy method were investigated. The electron beam impact on changes in crystal structure of specimens under examination and on their luminescent properties was studied. Methods of cathode luminescence, transmission electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis were applied. It is found that irradiation of specimens in the transmission electron microscope results in stacking faults annealing accompanied by formation of ZnO precipitates with hexagonal crystal structure. Irradiation of specimens in the cathode luminescence plant results in decreased intensity of cathode luminescence layers of ZnSe and ZnCdxSe in question due to radiation-stimulated degradation processes. Key words: point defects, irradiation by electron beam, cathode luminescence, structural changes.

The main aim of this work was to develop an optimal method for the formation of glass-ceramic materials with YNbO4:Tb3+ crystallites at reduced temperatures. Samples of glass-ceramic materials based on sodium, boron, yttrium, niobium and terbium were obtained and their structural and luminescent properties were investigated. The performed studies show that YNbO4:Tb3+crystallized in the obtained samples. It was found that the synthesis from oxide components (sample 1) makes it possible to obtain materials with an M-YNbO4 crystalline phase content about 95

Исследовались слои ZnSe и ZnCdxSe (x ~ 0.32-0.35), выращенные на подложках GaAs (001) методом молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии. Изучалось влияние электронного пучка на изменения кристаллической структуры изучаемых образцов и люминесцентные свойства. Исследования проводились методами катодолюминесценции, просвечивающей электронной микроскопии и методом рентгеноспектрального микроанализа. Установлено, что в результате облучения образцов в просвечивающем электронном микроскопе происходит отжиг дефектов упаковки, сопровождаемый образованием преципитатов ZnO c гексагональной кристаллической структурой. Облучение образцов в катодолюминесцентной установке приводит к уменьшению интенсивности катодолюминесценции исследуемых слоев ZnSe и ZnCdxSe из-за радиационно-стимулированных процессов деградации. Ключевые слова: точечные дефекты, облучение электронным пучком, катодолюминесценция, структурные изменения.

We have developed a technological scheme for the preparation of europium-activated gadolinium niobates and tantalates and related solid solutions by a sol–gel process. It has been shown that, during synthesis of crystalline powders, raising the calcination temperature from 1200 to 1400°C leads to a decrease in the concentration of impurity phases from 10–15 to 4–10 wt %. The GdxEu1 –xTaO4 samples have been shown to have different structural polytypes at these temperatures. The synthesized materials exhibit bright red luminescence under photoexcitation.

Global urbanization is causing a constant decline in arable land as cities and associated industrial zones are “attacking” adjacent agricultural areas. One of the promising ways to solve the problem of increasing food production for the constantly growing population of the planet against the background of rapidly decreasing land resources is the development of fundamentally new alternative methods for the production of crop products, including in greenhouses. The fundamental basis for technological optimization of plant cultivation parameters and the output of the productive process of a particular crop to the maximum of its genetic capacities can be the development of artificial mini-ecosystems based on the reproduction of nature-like processes, implying the balance and combination in one volume of the processes of plant production and reduction of organic waste, initiated directly in the zone of the rhizosphere of plants due to the introduction of technological earthworms into the reduction zone. According to the results of model studies presented in this article, peat is an acceptable basis for the substrate of the root block of a mini-ecosystem, and the introduction of earthworms Eisenia fetida Sav. into the reduction zone does not have a negative effect on lettuce plants, provided that it is used as an energy substrate for cattle manure worms in quantities not exceeding 10 - 20% of the total volume of the substrate.

This work is devoted to the study of self-glowing crystals containing alpha-radionuclides based on YPO4: Eu3+,238Pu, ZrSiO4:Tb3+,238Pu and ceramics based on cubic ZrO2:Eu3+,238Pu obtained in 2006, 2011, and 2017, respectively. The decay of a radionuclide causes radioluminescence of emission centers in the crystal causing its self-glowing. The paper presents the results of theoretical calculations of the energy conversion of alpha particles formed as a result of the radioactive decay of 238Pu, investigates the effect of radioactive decay on the luminescent properties of crystals, and proposes a method for estimating the power density of luminescence excitation during alpha decay. As a result of this work, the main ways of increasing the light yield for self-glowing crystals are proposed.

The possibility of using peat as a solid base for a microbial preparation was investigated. The basis of the microbial consortium of the drug was made up of Pseudomonas extremorientalis and Aeromonas media isolated from coprolites of the earthworms Eisenia fetida , Savigny. Among the studied peat species, eutrophic woody peat (pH = 5.7, degree of decomposition 48%) was chosen, which stimulated the increase in the aboveground mass (+ 11%) of wheat seedlings in preliminary tests. We assessed the viability of bacteria within 2 months after their adsorption on peat. On the 56th day of the experiment, the number of A. media in the variant with a peat carrier remained at the highest possible level - 10 7 CFU / ml. In a vegetation experiment, it was found that the use of two microbial cultures (in liquid form and in solid after adsorption of bacteria on peat) for presowing seed treatment led to an increase in wheat germination by 9% (83% for the liquid form and 92% for the solid form). Plant biomass increased in variants using bacteria on peat compared to using bacteria in liquid form. The presence of peat and P. extremorientalis increased the aboveground weight of wheat by 5%, while peat with a mixture of bacteria increased this figure by 15%. In variants with the use of P. extremorientalis on peat, the rate of development of plant diseases decreased in comparison with the liquid form by more than 3 times. With the combined use of bacteria, peat provides high rates of germination of seeds and aboveground mass. The research results indicate a greater efficiency of using a solid preparative form of a microbial preparation in comparison with a liquid one.

The paper is devoted to the study of the excitation capture efficiency of rare-earth ions emission levels upon electron-beam irradiation in well-known scintillation materials. The method is based on cathodoluminescent rise rate dependence on the electron beam current. Electron probe microanalysis was used to determine the composition of the samples. The technique allowed us to quantify the excitation capture efficiency for three emitting levels of rare-earth ions in Y2SiO5:Ce3+,Tb3+, to determine the energy transfer between high energy levels in Tm3+ and Cr3+ ions in Y3Al5O12 matrix, and to study the effect of crystalline matrix perfection on the excitation capture efficiency of Eu3+ energy levels in Y3Al5O12:Eu3+. It was shown that the excitation capture efficiency coefficient may differ in orders of magnitude for various energy levels of one ion.

The main purpose of this work was to carry out a low-temperature synthesis of glass ceramics containing YNbO4:Eu3+ crystallites and to study the structural and luminescent properties of the obtained samples. Within the framework of this work, the inclusions that crystallized under the conditions of low-temperature synthesis in the systems of SiO2-Na2O-K2O-Y2O3-Nb2O5-Eu2O3 (SiNaK) and B2O5-Na2O-Y2O3-Nb2O5-Eu2O3 (BNa) were investigated for the first time. It was shown that YNbO4: Eu3+ crystallized in both considered systems. In the SiNaK system the crystallization of SiO2 also occurred (quartz, crisstabolite, and tridymite) under the selected conditions. The BNa system proved to be the most promising for the synthesis of activated glass-ceramics with YNbO4, since the required crystallites crystallized only in ithis system. The luminescent properties of crystalline inclusions were investigated using the local cathodoluminescence technique. The composition and structure of glass ceramics were studied by electron-probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction phase analysis.

In this work, SiO 2 sol-gel glass doped with Eu 3+ was investigated its structural and luminescence properties. It was shown that a area containing crystallites of cristobalite with a size of about 45 nm is formed on the glass surface. The Eu 3+ spectrum in surface area was obtained. It was demonstrated that the main part of the sample is X-ray amorphous; however, the Eu 3+ spectrum in it demonstrates the presence of short-range order.