Objective: This study examined the frequency of entosis in solid tumors of various origins (colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer) and its association with clinical and pathological characteristics. It also examined survival and copy number alterations (CNAs) in genes associated with stem cells. The aim was to assess the potential prognostic value of entotic events in tumors. Methods: A total of 238 patients were included: 96 with colorectal cancer (CRC), 45 with lung cancer (LC), and 97 with breast cancer (BC). Entotic cell-in-cell (CIC) structures were evaluated on hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides using Mackay's criteria. A CIC frequency >0.1 per 20 high-power fields was considered positive. Clinicopathological parameters, overall survival (CRC), metastasis-free survival (LC and BC), and CNA profiles of stemness-related genes were analyzed. Amplifications of MAP1LC3A and other chromosomal loci were assessed. Results: CRC demonstrated the highest entosis rate, more than two-fold higher compared with BC and LC (p < 0.05). Entosis correlated with high tumor grade (G3) in CRC (p = 0.03). In LC, CIC-positive tumors were more frequent in patients with lymph-node metastases (p = 0.02), whereas in BC, the opposite trend was observed (p = 0.02). It was noted that in patients with stage III-IV LC, the frequency of entosis was significantly higher than in patients with stage I-II cancer (p = 0.03). CIC-positive status was associated with poorer overall survival in CRC (p = 0.03) and reduced metastasis-free survival in LC (p = 0.011). In breast cancer, no statistically significant survival differences were observed. Tumors harboring two or more stemness-gene amplifications showed significantly higher entosis frequency regardless of tumor site. A strong association was identified between entosis and MAP1LC3A amplification. Conclusions: Enosis is not a random morphological phenomenon but a process associated with unfavorable tumor characteristics, high malignancy, reduced survival, and amplification of stem cell-related genes. The results of this study confirm the working hypothesis that entosis may contribute to the emergence of aneuploid clones of tumor cells, including those containing amplifications of stem cell-associated genes. This positions entosis as a potential factor in tumor genetic heterogeneity, which is particularly important in the context of therapeutic selection pressure. The observed association between high entosis frequency and the presence of >= 2 stem cell gene amplifications, as well as its association with poor prognosis in colorectal and lung cancer, highlights its potential value as a prognostic indicator. Furthermore, MAP1LC3A amplification data may serve as a molecular marker of entotic activity and a potential therapeutic target.

Background. Currently, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is the only screening test that reduces the risk of death from lung cancer. However, there are a number of disadvantages, such as lack of widespread use, high cost, high false-positive rate and the need to conduct studies only in high-risk groups, which significantly limit mass screening. exhaled breath analysis, which uses sensitive breath sensors, is a promising method to improve early diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center together with Tomsk State University and Tomsk Polytechnic Research Institute has developed a gas analysis complex capable of analyzing the gas composition of exhaled air with remote sampling from bags. during the study, data obtained by digitizing signals from gas analysis system sensors and patient metadata are recorded in a database for subsequent automated processing and analysis using a neural network. Case description. A 48-year-old female patient with a long history of smoking came to the clinic of the Cancer Research Institute for consultation with suspected pathological infiltration around the celiac trunk detected by abdominal CT. As a clinical trial of the developed gas analytical complex for cancer detection, a sample of exhaled air was taken, and the comparison of the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with that in the control group (healthy individuals) revealed abnormalities characteristic of lung cancer. the patient underwent a chest CT scan, which revealed stage IIB peripheral cancer of the lower lobe of the left lung. the original sensor gas analysis complex, which has no analogues in Russia, was used for the first time in the detection of lung cancer. the data obtained allowed us to suspect the presence of lung tumor in the patient and perform radical surgical treatment. the composition of VOCs in exhaled air was assessed on day 10 after surgery, and no significant changes in the composition of exhaled air were observed. Conclusion. Machine learning algorithms are actively used to diagnose socially significant diseases. the platforms being developed based on arrays of chemical sensors with data analysis using a neural network are promising candidates for implementation in screening activities.

Tumor cell plasticity plays a key role in the progression of malignant neoplasms and therapy resistance, yet its spatial dynamics remain poorly understood. This study investigates the spatial distribution of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness, and their prognostic relevance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 10 tumor fragments from three regions (core, core-adjacent, and edge) of a single LUAD using a SURFSeq 5000 platform. Stemness potential was identified by CytoTRACE2, EMT by UCell and the Hallmark_epithelial_mesenchymal_transition signature, and tumor cells associated with disease prognosis by Scissor. LUAD displayed pronounced spatial heterogeneity of tumor cell plasticity. Stemness potential was heightened at the edge, while EMT was most prominent in the core. The correlation between EMT and stemness was slightly higher at the edge, though it remained negligible (R = 0.17, p = 5.5e-7). Higher EMT scores were observed in tumor cells associated with poor overall survival (r = 0.433, p < 2e-16), whereas stemness was prevalent in tumor cells associated with poor progression-free survival (r = 0.251, p = 7.15e-6). Tumor cells associated with poor prognosis were enriched with the MYC-targets v1 signature with PCBP1 and PA2G4 as the top contributing genes. Immunohistochemical data showed that PCBP1 and PA2G4 proteins predominantly localized within tumor cells of LUAD. Taken together, these findings highlight the spatial heterogeneity of tumor cell plasticity features in LUAD and uncover biomarkers associated with poor prognosis.

Relevance. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-­related mortality worldwide due to the high recurrence and metastasis rates. It is generally accepted that metastases and recurrences are formed by tumor cells with a highly invasive, stem and chemoresistant phenotype. Tumor hybrid cells (THCs) formed by the fusion of tumor cells with a wide range of normal cells: macrophages, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc. are considered to be potential metastasis and recurrence-­initiating cells. However, the phenotypic diversity of THCs, and their association with disease progression remain poorly understood. The aim of the study was to characterize the population composition of THCs in NSCLC and its association with clinicopathological characteristics, metastasis and recurrence. Materials and Methods. A total of 50 patients with NSCLC were included. Fresh frozen samples of tumor tissue obtained during resection and morphologically verified were used to analyze types and number of THCs. THCs were analyzed by flow cytometry in primary tumors using markers for tumor cells, cancer stem cells, leukocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts. Results and Discussion. THCs were detected in all NSCLC patients. Most THCs demonstrated leukocyte, macrophage and stem characteristics. The number and frequency of THCs depended on neoadjuvant chemotherapy. THCs with leukocyte and stem cell markers (pan-­CK+CD45+CD44+CD73+) were associated with locoregional recurrence, whereas THCs with macrophage and stem cell markers (EpCAM+CD45+CD44+CD73+CD163+) — with distant metastases. Conclusion. This study is the first to comprehensively describe the population composition of THCs in NSCLC, their association with clinicopathological characteristics, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and disease prognosis. Detection of prognostically relevant THCs could be an effective approach for predicting the risk of metastasis and recurrence of NSCLC and the basis for the development of therapy focused on the prevention of cancer progression.

Surgery is the standard of care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The overall survival rates especially in patients with locally advanced lung cancer are low. The resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs reduces the efficacy of treatment. Special attention is paid to the feasibility of assessing the tumor sensitivity to certain chemotherapy drugs. Currently, the most studied predictors are monoresistance and multidrug resistance genes, such as ABCC5, RRM1, ERCC1, BRCA1, TOP1, TOP2a, TUBB3 and TYMS.The aim of the study was to analyze the outcomes of combined modality treatment using radical surgery and personalized adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II–III NSCLC.Material and Methods. The study included 120 patients with stage II–III NSCLC, who underwent radical lung resection with mediastinal ipsilateral lymph node dissection. The patients were then divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 60 patients who received personalized platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy based on the expression levels of the genes, such as ABCC5, RRM1, ERCC1, BRCA1, TOP1, TOP2a, TUBB3 and TYMS. The control group consisted of 60 patients who received postoperative chemotherapy empirically.Results. In the main group, disease progression occurred in 14 out of 60 patients, three-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 76.7 % (the median was not reached). In the control group, DFS was 53.3 % (28 out of 60 patients), the median was 31.0 (4–36 months); the differences were statistically significant: Logrank test χ2 =4.382 p=0.036. The overall three–year survival rate was 90.0 % in the main group (6/60 patients died) and 61.7 % in the control group (23/60 patients died), the differences were statistically signifcant: Logrank test χ2 =6.915, p=0.009.Conclusion. The personalized adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in the improved three-year relapse-free and overall survival rates in NSCLC patients.

Introduction. Head and neck tumors comprise about 7 % of all malignant neoplasms. In the head and neck area, tumors are usually located on the tongue (25–40 %) and floor of mouth (15–20 %). In the majority of cases, diagnosis, especially at early disease stages, is based on clinical and histopathological evaluation of tumor process. However, recently development and implementation of non-invasive techniques of early diagnosis of upper respiratory tract tumors through detection of pathognomonic volatile tumor markers in the exhaled air has become topical.Aim. To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of sensory gas analysis device and artificial neural network for examination of exhaled gas samples from patients with oropharyngeal, laryngeal, laryngopharyngeal cancer and to establish the optimal conditions for sampling.Materials and methods. The study included 28 patients with oropharyngeal, laryngeal, laryngopharyngeal cancers and 25 healthy volunteers. The proposed technique is based on analysis of samples of exhaled gas from the studied individuals using a diagnostic device developed by the authors. The device detects volatile compounds in the exhaled air using a set of semiconductor sensors with subsequent analysis by a neural network. The exhaled air was sampled using two methods: in the morning in the fasted state before daily hygienic procedures and physical activity (prepared samples) and in the context of everyday life, nutrition and hygiene without restrictions before sampling (non-prepared samples).Results. Based on the signals from the sensors, the neural network classified and detected patients with malignant tumors. Accuracy of the prepared samples from healthy volunteers and patients with oropharyngeal, laryngeal, laryngopharyngeal cancers was 79.17 %, of non-prepared – 84.09 %.Conclusion. High diagnostic accuracy of the developed technique of non-invasive diagnosis of malignant tumors of the oropharyngeal, laryngeal, laryngopharyngeal areas using exhaled air samples which does not require special preparation of the studied samples was demonstrated.

The treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be a pressing issue. It is therefore necessary to advance and to put into practice the methods that will improve patients survival. The aim of the study was to estimate available information on application of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) in combined treatment of patients with NSCLC. The treatment plans, safety and tolerability of the treatment method were evaluated. From data analysis it became clear that IORT is a topical treatment for operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The new technology has proved its effectiveness due to the reliable local control and significant improve the late survival of patients. During the IORT high one-off dose is selectively delivered to the tumor or tumor bed with maximum preservation of the adjacent normal tissues. The key point in planning radiation exposure during the IORT is to calculate accurately the single radiation dose. The reduction of local relapses and the improvement in overall survival are most likely due to the IORT damaging effect on possible tumor microfoci located in the bronchus cult, its surrounding tissues and lymphatic outflow pathways. To date, further study of the IORT effectiveness and feasibility will remain relevant. However, intraoperative irradiation has already proved to be an effective component of a multimodal approach to cancer treatment.

Early prediction and prevention of recurring illness is critical for improving the survival rates of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previously, we demonstrated that the presence of premalignant epithelial changes in the small bronchi distant to the primary tumor is associated with NSCLC progression: isolated basal cell hyperplasia (iBCH) indicates a high risk of distant metastasis, BCH combined with squamous metaplasia (BCH SM ) - a high risk of locoregional recurrence. Here, we aimed to identify germline single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions and deletions (InDels) associated with distant metastasis and locoregional recurrence in cases with iBCH and BCH (SM )using whole-exome sequencing of 172 NSCLC patients. The rs112065068 of the TGOLN2 gene was identified only in iBCH patients and was associated with a high risk of distant metastasis ( P < .001) and worse metastasis-free survival (HR = 4.19 (95 %CI 1.97 -8.93); P < .001). This variant was validated in a group of 109 NSCLC patients using real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing analyses. To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify a germline variant associated with NSCLC distant metastasis.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate diagnostic capabilities of the gas analysis sensor device used for the study of exhaled gas samples obtained from patients with oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. Material and Methods. Exhaled gas samples from 31 oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer patients and 31 healthy volunteers were studied using a diagnostic device based on the detection of volatile compounds in inhaled air using semiconductor gas sensors with subsequent neural network analysis. Results . Based on the signals from gas sensors, the neural network classified and identified patients with malignant neoplasms. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were 67.74% and 87.1%, respectively. Conclusion . The gas analysis sensor device and the method for detecting oropharyngeal and laryngeal tumors using the exhaled gas analysis are an accessible and cheap diagnostic tools, and are promising for screening the population in order to select individuals for a comprehensive examination (endoscopic, radiological and morphological) in identifying suspicion of cancer.

Background. Despite advances in surgical and therapy techniques, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Therefore, it is increasingly important to search for markers that predict the risk of tumor progression. The study of the morphology of the epithelium of the bronchi of different calibers has great potential for solving this problem. The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the characteristics and frequency of occurrence of various combinations of morphological changes in the epithelium of the bronchi of large and small calibers in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Material and methods. lung samples were collected from 151 NSCLC patients (stage T1–4N0–3M0), who underwent surgery at the cancer Research institute, TNRMC. Various morphological changes in the bronchial epithelium were analyzed. Results. The study of the frequency of occurrence of various morphological changes in small-caliber bronchi showed that basal cell hyperplasia occurred in 90.8 % of cases. Diffuse isolated basal cell hyperplasia was observed in 33.8 % of cases. Focal basal cell hyperplasia was diagnosed in 38.4 % of cases. A combination of basal cell hyperplasia with squamous metaplasia was observed in 18.5 % of cases. The study of the frequency of occurrence in large-caliber bronchi demonstrated that basal cell hyperplasia was the most common morphological variant (93.4 %, including diffuse isolated basal cell hyperplasia in 33.8 % and focal basal cell hyperplasia in 38.4 %). The combination of basal cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia was found in 19.8 %. The combination of basal cell hyperplasia with squamous metaplasia and dysplasia was found in 1.3 % compared to the epithelium of small-caliber bronchi. Conclusion. The obtained results on the frequency of occurrence of morphological changes in large-caliber bronchi are of theoretical interest for further research to identify groups at high risk of progression of non-small cell lung cancer.

Background:Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is one of the most unfavorable sites of metastasis for malignant tumors of various localizations, especially gastric cancer (GC). According to the literature, synchronous PC in GC is common in 15-52% of patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term results using personalized systemic and intraperitoneal chemotherapy as part of the combined treatment of stomach cancer presenting with synchronous PC.Methods:Cytoreductive surgical treatment was performed for 70 patients at the first stage. The control group (n = 35) received standard postoperative chemotherapy according to the FOLFOX scheme. Personalized postoperative systemic and intraperitoneal chemotherapy was administered in the basic group (n = 35), based on the expression levels of the eight genes in the primary tumor, lymph node, and peritoneal metastases.Results:The median progression-free survival was 14.9 months in the basic group, and in the control group it was 11.2 months (P < 0.001). The median life expectancy in the basic group was 16.8 (13.7 - 18.8) months, in the control group it was 12.5 (11.3 - 13.1) months (P < 0.001).Conclusions:Developing algorithms of personalized systemic and intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with GC with synchronous carcinomatosis, based on the analysis of molecular genetic characteristics of the tumor and metastases, allows to improve the long-term results of combined treatment.

Aim: To study in patients the dependence of the exhaled air composition on pathological processes occurring in the respiratory system, including: lung cancer, community-acquired pneumonia and COVID-19. Material and Methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of a gas analytical complex using the method of neural network data analysis. The gas analytical complex includes semiconductor sensors that measure the concentrations of gas components in exhaled air with an average sensitivity of 1 ppm. Based on signals from sensors, the neural network classifies and identifies patients with certain pathological processes. Results. The statistical data set for training the neural network and testing the method included samples from 173 patients. Our study collected exhaled air samples from groups of patients with lung cancer, pneumonia, and COVID-19. In the case of lung cancer, the parameters of the diagnostic device have been determined at the level of sensitivity – 95.24%, specificity – 76.19%. For pneumonia and COVID-19, these parameters were 97.36% and 98.63, respectively. Conclusion. Taking into account the known value of diagnostic methods such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the sensitivity and specificity indicators of the gas analytical complex achieved during the study reflect the promise of the proposed technique in the diagnosis of tumor processes in patients with lung cancer, COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia.

The significance of the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of lung cancer remains an open question. The data from the literature do not provide conclusive evidence of HPV being involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The aim of this work was to detect the presence of HPV infections with a high carcinogenic risk in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: the study involved 274 patients with stage IIA–IIIB non-small cell lung cancer. We analyzed normal and tumor tissues as well as blood from each patient. DNA was extracted from patients’ specimens, and HPV detection and genotyping was carried out using commercially available kits by PCR. Results: HPV was detected in 12.7% of the patients (35/274 of all cases). We detected nine different types of human papillomavirus in the patients, namely, types 16, 18, 31, 35, 45, 51, 52, 56, and 59. The HPV-positive samples had a clinically insignificant viral load and were predominantly integrated. The relationship between the presence of HPV and its virological parameters and the clinical and pathological parameters of the patients was established. A metastatic-free survival analysis showed that all patients with HPV in the tumor tissue had a higher 5-year survival rate (94%) compared with the HPV-negative patients (78%). The result was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Conclusions: data showing a 12.7% human papillomavirus representation among patients with non-small cell lung cancer were obtained. The presence/absence of a viral component in patients with lung cancer was a clinically significant parameter. HPV types 16, 18, and 56, which are the most oncogenic, were most often detected.

The mechanism of the relationship between pretumor changes in the bronchial respiratory epithelium and the risk of progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. It has been suggested that the relationship between reactive changes in the bronchial mucosa and NSCLC progression may be caused by the functional status of monocytic-macrophage cells as important participants in infammation, which determines both the risk of premalignant changes in the epithelium and malignant progression. The purpose of the study was to investigate the phenotypic profle of peripheral blood monocytes and macrophages induced from monocytes in vitro depending on the state of respiratory epithelium in NSCLC patients. Material and Methods . The study included 39 patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC. Based on the morphological examination of small bronchi taken at the distance of 3–5 cm from the tumor, patients were divided into the following groups depending on the type of pretumor changes: no pretumor changes (n=6), isolated basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) (n=13), combination of BCH and squamous metaplasia (SM) (n=3), combination of unchanged epithelium and focal BCH (n=17). The phenotypic features of peripheral blood monocytes and in vitro -induced macrophages were assessed before treatment using fow cytometry. Results . The state of the respiratory epithelium in NSCLC patients prior to the start of anticancer treatment was associated with the phenotypic features of peripheral blood monocytes, but not with the profle of macrophages induced from them. Distortion of the response of induced macrophages to the polarizing stimuli was observed in NSCLC patients: the cultured cells responded to both M1 and M2 inducers (LPS and IL-4, respectively) with a phenotype shift to M2, while the CD206 marker expression varied depending on the presence and type of pretumor changes. Conclusion . The phenotypic profle of peripheral blood monocytes was associated with the state of the respiratory epithelium in NSCLC patients before anti-tumor treatment, but not with the phenotypic features of induced macrophages.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Stage IV gastric cancer (GC) is diagnosed in 39.8 % of patients; local metastases without evidence of distant metastases occur only in 18–20 % of stage IV gastric cancer patients. The purpose of the study was to estimate the efficacy of personalized chemotherapy in the combined modality treatment of patients with stage IV GC with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Material and Methods. Cytoreductive surgery was performed in 70 patients with GC with peritoneal dissemination. The control group patients (n=35) received postoperative chemotherapy with the FOLFOX regimen. The study group patients (n=35) received personalized systemic and intraperitoneal chemotherapy based on the expression of chemosensitivity and resistance genes. Results. The median survival time (18.7 months) in the study group patients was higher than that in the control group and in studies described in the world literature (CRS + HIPEC). Personalized chemotherapy improved median progressionfree survival (PFS) by 4.6 months (29.1 %) and median overall survival (OS) by 6 months (32 %) compared to FOLFOX regimen chemotherapy. In the study group, the 1-, 2and 3-year survival rates were observed in 35 (100 %), 9 (27 %) and 1 (3 %) patients, respectively. Conclusion. Personalized chemotherapy in the combined modality treatment can improve long-term treatment outcomes (longer median PFS and OS) in GC patients with peritoneal dissemination.

Цель исследования. Изучить образцы выдыхаемого воздуха, полученных от больных раком легкого, а также найти общие сигнальные маркеры, которые можно выявить с помощью искусственной нейронной сети, обеспечивающей единообразие процедуры отбора проб на основе стандартизированной сенсорной системы газоанализа. Материалы и методы. В ходе исследования образцы выдыхаемого воздуха были взяты у 90 человек в возрасте от 22 до 95 лет за период 2020-2021 гг. Все испытуемые, участвовавшие в исследовании, были разделены на две группы: первую — тестовую и вторую — контрольную. В основную группу вошли пациенты с морфологически верифицированным злокачественным новообразованием легких стадии Т1-4N0-3M0-1 (21 человек). В контрольную группу вошли лица, у которых на момент исследования не было клинических данных о наличии злокачественной патологии (из анамнеза или по данным ранее проведенного обследования, если таковые имеются). Разработан газоаналитический комплекс, способный анализировать газовые пробы в двух режимах — прямое вдыхание в камеру или использование мешков для газовых проб. В данной работе мы использовали дистанционный отбор проб из мешков в связи с пандемией COVID-19. Результаты. Точность диагностики рака легкого составила 85,71 %, чувствительность — 95,24 % и специфичность — 76,19 %. К отличительным особенностям изученного нами метода можно отнести мобильность используемого оборудования и возможность размещения в медицинских учреждениях разного уровня, простота и относительная дешевизна диагностики, возможность беспрепятственного использования с целью скрининга опухолевых процессов в широкой популяции.

Introduction. To date, one of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of chemotherapy in various malignant neoplasms, including lung cancer, is the formation of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in tumor cells, which is caused by the expression of ABC transporter genes.Aim. The aim of this work was to assess the expression of ABC-transporter genes during chemotherapy and to analyze the relationship with the effectiveness of chemotherapy and prognosis of the disease.Materials and methods. We used biopsy and surgical material from 91 patients with stage IIB–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The treatment regimen included: 2 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), surgery and 3 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) with platinum doublets. RNA was isolated from the samples, followed by quantitative PCR to assess the expression of genes ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC5, ABCG1, ABCG2.Results and discussion. It was shown that the level of expression of the studied genes was not associated with the effect of NAC in patients with lung cancer, except for the ABCC5 gene, which showed a relationship at the level of a pronounced trend (p = 0.07). It was also shown that in the group of patients with an objective response to chemotherapy, the frequency of decreased expression of the ABCC1 (p = 0.01) and ABCC5 (p = 0.004) genes was statistically significantly higher than in the group of patients with stabilization. Further, using the Kaplan – Meier method, it was found that a decrease in expression is associated with high rates of metastatic-free survival (MFS). The highest rates of 5-year MFS (more than 85 %) are observed in patients with a decrease in the expression of the ABCB1 and ABCG2 genes, log-rank test p = 0.0007 and p = 0.002, respectively.Conclusion. Thus, it has been shown that changes in the expression of ABC transporter genes are associated with the effectiveness of chemotherapy and the prognosis of the disease. The data obtained can be used as a basis for the detection of potential drug targets.