This study is focused on the analysis of data of the long-term latitude observations and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The latitude observations include small-amplitude periodic and random harmonics as noise components of different nature and duration. These harmonics are a source of valuable information on seismology, geodynamic processes, and Earth structure in the telescope vicinity. The value of observations carried out at a certain observatory is in their reliability, homogeneity, uniqueness, and long-term series. The latitude observations are reduced to build a diagram of temporal variations in the mean latitude of an observational site on a long-time interval. In this paper, we analyze a curve of the nonpolar oscillations (free of components induced by the pole motion) of the mean latitude. We compare the periodic components of secular variations in the mean latitude and the GNSS observations. Geodynamic parameters of the dynamics of the Earth’s crust relative to tectonic faults on the Tatarstan territory have been determined from the GNSS data; also, from the analysis of the astronomical latitude variations anomalously deviating from the predictive model, the correlation with seismic processes has been shown.

In this work we propose the determination of the astrophysical dynamic coordinate system's orientation in relation to HCRF (Hipparcos Celestial Reference Frame) using photoelectric lunar occultation. The photoelectric method of recording an occultation that allows obtaining occultations moment with the accuracy up to 0.001s (i.e. 100 times more accurate than by visual method) was found to be the most accurate. Apart from the tasks of space geodesy, photoelectric observations allow carrying out other interesting researches, too. These tasks include determination of amendments to orbital longitude and latitude of the Moon and amendments to ephemeris time. The photoelectric observations of occultation are valuable materials for solving some astrophysical tasks. If one records changes in magnitude at the moment when a star is occultated by the Moon, then one may obtain diameter of the occultated star through the spectrum of those changes. Other important problems are detecting double and multiple systems of stars and measuring angular distances between their components.

The present paper focuses on studying the lunar dynamic processes. As selenophysics is a complex system and moonquakes are complex multi-parametric systems too, the analysis of moonquakes and the development of an analytical theory of such processes require the application of robust methods and using multiparametric calculations. Moreover, selenophysics is a more complex system than geophysics. In this connection, the study of lunar processes and determination of moonquakes parameters require reliable estimates of the results obtained and application of the methods of complex system physics. The observations from "Apollo" space mission were used in the study, and the multiparametric correlation method was developed for their processing. Currently, one uses various methods, similar to the ones for the Earth's seismic process investigation, such as seismic interferometry for deep moonquakes, time scales analysis, seismic phenomena magnitude gradient change, solution of the inverse problem of signals reflection on "Apollo" stations. Now, on the basis of moonquakes data, the internal structure of the Moon is being studied. Using the moonquakes data, a model of the lunar tidal parameters had been developed and was later refined by "GRAIL" (gravitation), "LRO" (shape), and "LLR" (rotation) space missions' data. As a result, in the areas where deep moonquakes occurred, the inner layer of the Moon with low viscosity was found. In the present work, the author's method of analyzing moonquakes allowing to conduct multiparametric analysis of seismic time series observations was applied. The method was developed for the investigation of seismic processes occurring on the Earth using the space observations. In order to provide qualitative description of moonquakes dynamical parameters, the special software was developed.