目的采用直接测量的方法,对大连地区汉族成人群体指长比进行调查分析,以明确大连地区汉族成人指长比均值的分布特点,为国内开展此项研究积累资料。方法抽取大连市430名（男220,女210）健康汉族成人,采用人体测量学方法测量了其左右手第2～5指长度（掌侧）,计算各手指间的指长比值,并作性别差异和地区差异比较。结果 1.指长比:大连汉族群体2D∶3D、2D∶4D、2D∶5D、3D∶4D、3D∶5D、4D∶5D值左右侧男性分别为0.899 5、0.901 1、0.965 0、0.965 9、1.207 4、1.206 3、1.073 1、1.072 2,1.343 1、1.339 4、1.252 2、1.249 9;女性分别为0.906 5、0.907 9、0.976 6、0.975 3、1.223 0、1.222 6、1.078 1、1.075 4、1.352 7、1.350 2、1.255 1、1.255 8。男女性均表现为3D∶5D＞4D∶5D＞2D∶5D＞3D∶4D＞2D∶4D＞2D∶3D。2.性差:左右手指长比均值女性高于男性,并且2D∶3D、2D∶4D和2D∶5D有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。3.2D∶4D的百分比分布:男女性的左右手都以2D＜4D占主导,2D＞4D次之,2D=4D最少。但2D＞4D的百分比女性明显大于男性。4.2D∶4D地区差:大连汉族群体男女性均表现为低指长比,明显低于英格兰、英国利物浦、匈牙利、波兰和西班牙,高于其他地区（国家）及民族。结论大连汉族群体指长比有其独特性,2D∶4D具有明显的性别差异和地区及民族差异。

AIM: To analyze the status, distributing character, sex differences and area differences of somatotype growth of the urban adolescents of Han-nationality in Dalian with Heath-Carter method to supply scientific basis for instructing in the healthy growth of the adolescence and accumulate data for anthropology.METHODS: A total of 2 134 subjects (1 121 males, 1 013 females) of healthy Han nationality of two elementary schools, one middle school and one high school of Dalian aged 7-18 were somatotyped by Heath-Carter anthropometry from May to December 2004. Ten items were assayed including body height, body mass, skin fold of triceps brachii muscles, skin fold of subscapularis, skin fold of anterior superior iliac spine, skin fold of shank, tension line of upper arm, line of shank, width of digital end of humerus and femur. All the data were input into Excel table in computer. Values of intrinsic factor, mid factor and extrinsic factor, rates of body height and body mass, value of x and y, data were measured and calculated to draw figures and statistical disposal was done. RESULTS: According to intention-to-treat analysis, all the 2 134 urban Han adolescences in school in Dalian aged 7-18 were involved in the analysis of results. ①Status of values of intrinsic factor, mid factor and extrinsic factor of urban Han adolescences in school in Dalian aged 7-18: Values of intrinsic factor increased in males and females in all ages. Values of mid factor varied little with ages. Values of extrinsic factor gradually increased with age, and after adolescence trended to decrease. ②Construction of somatotype distribution chart: The somatotype in males at age 7 and 8 years trended to mesomorphic, moved to endomorphic sector with ages increasing. The somatotype in females at age 7 and 8 years was in central sector, and then moved to ectomorphic-endomorphic, after 13 years old moved to endomorphic sector, finally fell in mesomorphic-endomorphic. ③Endomorphic, mesomorphic and ectomorphic structure: The endomorphic somatotype in general in males was 45.51%, mesomorphic somatotype was 14.51%, and ectomorphic somatotype was 36.42%. Middle type of three somatotypes was 3.56%. The endomorphic somatotype in girls was 62.38%, mesomorphic somatotype was 4.75%, ectomorphic somatotype was 31.48%. Middle type of three somatotypes was 1.39%. There were significant sex differences in the three somatotypes in all ages (P < 0.05). ④Comparison of mean value in Han students and other population: The values of intrinsic factor of Dalian males of every age group were larger than other groups, the values of mid factor of Dalian males of every age group were similar to other groups, and the values of extrinsic factor of Dalian males of most age groups were the smallest among other groups. The values of intrinsic factor and extrinsic factor of Dalian females of most age groups were higher than other groups, the values of mid factor were in middle level in 7-10 years group, and were the smallest in 12 years group among other groups.CONCLUSION: There are significant sex differences, area differences and nationality differences of somatotypes of males and females, which are affected by nutrition status, diet habit, living environment, climate, physical training and so on in teenagers from different areas.

AIM: To analyze the developmental status of foot shape of college students in Liaoning province with foot external outline indirect measurement to compare with the data of other countries and accumulate data of foot-indirect measuring for anthropology.METHODS: A total of 319 subjects (156 males, 163 females) of healthy Dalian medical university students (without disability or motor disorder) of Liaoning Han nationality were investigated by foot indirect anthropometic method from April to June 2000, 18 items and 3 indices of two feet according to commonly used measuring methods of external and internal were assayed with bared and relax foot standing on paper A3 to draw outside outline of left-right foot by foot indirect anthropometic machine of foot outline including foot length, forefoot length, foot length of the first toe, foot length of the second toe, foot length of the fifth toe, instep length, fibular instep length , foot breadth, heel breadth, foot breadth medial half, foot breadth lateral half, ball flex angle 1, ball flex angle 2, toe angle, toe 1 angle, medial angle, toe 5 angle and lateral angle. All the data were statistically analysed to assess the developmental status, sex differences, left-and-right differences and area differences of outline of foot shape of college students in Liaoning province. u test was used to test the sex differences and left-and-right differences, and χ2 analysis was used to detect the sex of proportion of left-and right differences.RESULTS: According to intention-to-treat analysis, all the 319 college students of Liaoning Han nationality were involved in the analysis of the results. ①Basic statistical value of measure items in 319 college students from Liaoning province: The main length and width measuring values of males of Liaoning Han nationality were all larger than those of females, except angular items, rate of foot breadth of medial and lateral half, and the rate of step length (P < 0.01). The values of right instep length, foot breadth and lateral angle of males were larger than the left (P < 0.01). The values of right anterior foot length, fibular instep length, ball flex angle 1, ball flex angle 2, medial angle, toe 5 angle, rate of step length and rate of anterior foot length and foot length were smaller than the left (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The values of right instep length, foot breadth, foot breadth medial half, lateral angle, toe 1 angle and rate of foot breadth of medial and lateral half of females were larger than the left (P < 0.01). The values of right fibular instep length, foot breadth lateral half, ball flex angle 1, ball flex angle 2, toe 5 angle and rate of step length were smaller than the left (P < 0.01). ②Deformation of foot hallux valgus of 319 Han college students: The rate of hallux valgus was 5.8% in males college students in Liaoning province, and 8.0% in females. ③Comparison of 163 Han female college students and other population: The means of indirect measuring items of foot outline of females college students in Liaoning province were all smaller than those in Japan and Isabela in Philippines (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The foot outline is relatively shorter and thinner, and there are significant sex differences, left-and-right differences and area differences of foot outline college students of Han nationality in Liaoning province.

BACKGROUND: Somatotype means the external feature and physique type of human being, and is an important index to judge the nutrition state of growth and development, as well as an accessory diagnostic mean of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. However, few researches on somatotype are repeated domestically.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the regulation of the distribution of the somatotype of Han students in Dalian.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled study.SETTING: Research Group of Anthropology, Department of Anatomy in Dalian Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: From June to October in 2000, totally 1 275 Han students(630 boys, 645 girls), aged 7 - 18, were selected from Dalian Heishijiao Elementary School, Dalian No. 34 Junior Middle School and Dalian No. 1 Senior Middle School, and divided into 12 groups according to their age and sex. Inclusive criteria: Han students aged 7 - 18 years; Exclusive criteria:metabolic diseases, endocrine disease and severe somatopathy.INTERVENTIONS: International anthropometric method was adopted to measure the height and body mass of the students, and the Rohrer index was used to make the classification of somatotypes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height, body mass and Rohrer index.RESULTS: The somatotype of Han students in Dalian was changed with age,and the change was few in males but more in females. Although the somatotype was mainly presented as the asthenic type for both sexes, there was an increased tendency of moderate type in females after eleven years old. The asthenic type, moderate type and the sthenic type in all the male and female students was 74.3% and 71.5%, 17.3% and 23.1%, 8.4% and 5.4% respectively. There were significant differences in the somatotype proportions between boys and girls at the age of eleven, twelve, sixteen and seventeen years old( P ＜ 0.05). The mean value of the Rohrer index for Han students aged 7 - 17 years in Dalian was much higher in 2000 than that in 1974.CONCLUSION: The somatotype of Han students in Dalian is mainly in the asthenic type, and the physique was obviously improved in the past 26 years.