Objective To design and product a collimator for anterior cannulated odontoid screw by measuring the data of normal adult cervical spine from the images.Methods A total of 60 normal adults who received 64 row slice CT of the upper cervical spine and the X-Ray plain film of the cervical spine were chosen and divided into male and female groups.Statistical analysis was performed.Results The main anatomy parameters for the design of collimator were obtained.There was no significant difference in the disc height of the C2 and C3 anterior edge between 64 row slice CT [male:(3.26 ± 1.19) mm,and female:(2.54 ±0.83) mm] and X-ray [male:(3.2l ±0.78) mm,and female:(3.21 ±0.90) mm] in the lat-eral cervical spine (P ＞ 0.05).There was statistically significant difference in the length of C5 anterior lower edge midpoint corresponding skin straight pointing to the C2 front bottom edge midpoint between two groups [male:(89.09 ± 6.85) mm,and female:(75.93 ± 5.67) mm].Conclusion The collimator is designed for anterior canuulated odontoid screw.This collimator matching with human cervical anatomy is easier to be used in the clinical application.

背景:X射线检查作为常规的检查方式得到了广泛的应用,然而由于现有技术的局限性,使得X射线图像往往具有灰度对比度低和噪声影响等缺点,因此,现有的X射线图像往往达不到医生的要求。目的:增强和去噪处理对比度较低且含有噪声的X射线图像,以达到易于医生理解和识别的目的。方法:针对空间域处理和变换域处理增强X射线图像的不足,提出了基于灰度对比和自适应小波变换的X射线图像增强算法。首先,选择需要增强和减弱的灰度范围,并根据八邻域灰度对比增强算法对X射线图像进行灰度变换,并用中值滤波算法对图像进行平滑;然后,对X射线图像进行小波分解,并运用相邻分解层之间相关系数的大小来确定细节信号和噪声。结果与结论:应用了灰度对比和自适应小波变换相结合的X射线图像增强算法,把基于空间域增强的方法和基于变换域的方法有机地结合起来,比传统的单一增强方法更为优越。实验结果证明它能自适应地增强X射线图像的灰度对比,使得图像细节的显示更加清晰,同时在一定程度上去除了噪声的干扰,对于灰度对比度较低的图像效果更加明显。

目的:观察更昔洛韦联合激素治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床疗效。方法:将30例特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿随机分为两组,治疗组18例,对照组12例。对照组采用激素治疗,治疗组在对照组用药的基础上加用更昔洛韦。结果:治疗组显效16例,有效2例,效果优于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗前、治疗后3 d,两组血小板计数比较无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后7d、治疗后21d、治疗后2个月两组血小板计数有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:更昔洛韦联合糖皮质激素治疗疱疹类病毒感染的特发性血小板减少性紫癜,能提高疗效,缩短病程,防止病情迁延及反复,有较好的治疗效果。