简要介绍了"中国PFOS优先行业削减与淘汰项目"在红火蚁防治中的实施背景,概述了其在示范区建设、国家管理体制机制建设、公众宣传和技术培训等方面取得的成效,并总结了主要经验,指出健全的植保植检队伍体系是确保项目顺利实施的根本,充分的规划和充足的经费投入是确保项目顺利实施的保障,挂图作战和灵活有序推进落实是确保项目顺利实施的关键.

Surface water and sediment samples were collected from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, for investigating the pollution characteristics of 32 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs）. The concentrations of ∑PFASs in water and sediment ranged from 162.82 —187.62 ng·L -1 and1.04 —4.81 ng·g -1 dry weight（dw） with the mean value at 171.34 ng·L -1 and 3.06 ng·g -1 dw,respectively. Short-and medium-chain PFASs, such as PFOA, PFHxA, PFBA, PFBS, and PFOS,were predominant compounds in water with the mean concentration at 39.13 ng·L -1 , 31.71 ng·L -1 ,28.80 ng·L -1 , 16.93 ng·L -1 , and 14.49 ng·L -1 , respectively, while medium-and long-chain compounds such as PFOS(mean concentration: 0.69 ng·g -1 dw) were dominant in sediment.Additionally, three emerging PFASs, perfluorobutylsulphonamide（FBSA）, p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate（OBS）, and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid（6:2 ClPFESA）, were also detectable in water and sediment. The distribution of PFASs between water and sediment was strongly related to their hydrophobicity and carbon chain length. The risk assessment showed that PFASs in water display low risk to aquatic organisms. The estimated intake value of PFASs via drinking water was lower than the relevant health standard, indicating that PFASs posed no health risk for the residents. However, the long-term risk of PFASs to the ecological environment of Taihu Lake basin and the surrounding residents still needs to be concerned.

为促进我国全氟辛基磺酸及其盐类和全氟辛基磺酰氟(PFOS/PFOSF)的削减和逐步淘汰,防控环境风险,迫切需要对淘汰、废弃的含PFOS/PFOSF产品、副产物以及生产和使用过程中产生的含PFOS/PFOSF废物进行安全无害化处理处置.调研和数据分析结果表明,2021年我国已停产PFOSF,2002—2020年我国PFOS/PFOSF的生产总量约为2120 t.我国典型含PFOS/PFOSF液态废物包括废弃消防泡沫、消防泡沫使用后收集的残液、废弃电镀镀液、工艺或清洗废水、废有机溶剂,以及固态/半固态废物有蒸(精)馏釜残、废水处理污泥、污染土壤、电镀滤渣、废吸附剂和过滤材料等.目前针对液态废物,可行的PFOS/PFOSF非破坏处理技术主要有活性炭和树脂吸附、膜滤、混凝,可行的PFOS/PFOSF破坏处理技术有焚烧/水泥窑、超声降解和亚/超临界水处理技术,但在应用时都有一定的前置条件;针对固态/半固态废物,可行的PFOS/PFOSF非破坏处理技术包括稳定化和废物填埋,而焚烧/水泥窑是目前最为可行的PFOS/PFOSF破坏处理技术.建议根据我国典型含PFOS/PFOSF废物的特点采取相应可行的处理处置技术,在应用成熟技术的同时,适当尝试采用亚/超临界水处理技术、超声降解技术以及其他较新的技术;对PFOS/PFOSF物质含量≥50 mg/kg的废物采用可行的破坏技术处置,对PFOS/PFOSF物质含量<50 mg/kg的废物经稳定化预处理后方可进入填埋场.

With the entry into force of the relevant amendments to the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants in China, the use of PFOS (Perfluorooctanesulfonates) in the electroplating industry is only limited to the hard metal electroplating in a closed - loop system. Besides, the closed - loop system can realize CrO3, PFOS reusing, waste water recycling and almost no emissions into the environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the realization of closed - loop system for the green and sustainable development of China’s electroplating industry, especially for hard chromium electroplating enterprises. By comparing the domestic and foreign differences in the use and research of closed cycle chromium plating system, some feasible technical principle suggestions for closed - loop chromium plating systems in China were proposed.