Through studying the soil and water maintaining effects of eight types plant communities at phosphorite mining areas in the watershed of Fuxian Lake, the resistance and control capability of different plant communities towards run-off and soil erosion were explored. The communities with promising soil and water conservation capability were screened out. The study results showed that the resistance and control capability of bamboo forests and Alnus nepalensis were promising, and could be used at the early communities for the soil and water conservation of these areas. As far as the serious soil and water loss areas such as barren meadow and waste mine residue plot were concerned, owning to the serious soil and water loss and abject ability for resisting erosion, afforestation and closing the mountains to accelerate the natural regeneration of woodlands should be adopted. The soil erosion control capability of the forests of Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii,Eucalyptus and shrub were somewhat lower than that of bamboo forest and Alnus nepalensis.

Vegetation which has better effects of keeping water and soil loss in phosphate mining areas is chosen by comparative research on different vegetation areas under the same rainfall conditions in phosphate mining areas in Fuxianhu lake basin. The results show that there are 8 kinds of plants showing better effects, and bamboo community shows the best effects and the second is Alnus Nepalensis D Don. community.