According to the difference of the annual rainfall volume,the phosphorus ore mining area of Fuxian Lake is divided into two research units: Dongda river watershed region(1 200-1 300 mm) and Maotian mountain region(1 000-1 100 mm).Through the field observation zones,a comparison is made on the runoff volume of discarded mine land and mine area with major types of vegetation under the condition of natural rainfall.The results indicate: rainfall intensity is a key factor causing runoff in discarded mine land;the surface runoff volume of discarded mine land is far larger than areas with vegetation under heavy rain;rainfall time is a key factor influencing surface runoff volume of each area with vegetation,and the runoff volume of areas with different vegetation is different;runoff volume is inversely proportional to the total plant coverage,total porosity,maximum waterholding capacity,and organic matter content of the soil,thickness and weight of litter on the earth's surface.The order of total runoff volume for each vegetation species is: shrub-grass land clump of Pinus yunnanensis Pinus yunnanensis woods Mixed forest Pinus armandii woodsbamboo woods eucalyptus woods.Except shrub-grass,all the present vegetation species can detain rainfall runoff effectively.

The surface runoff with soil nitrogen flowing into water bodies is one of the major ways that causes non-point source pollution of water.According to the difference of the annual rainfall volume,the phosphorus ore mining area of Fuxian Lake watershed was divided into Dongda River watershed phosphorus ore region(1 200～1 300 mm) and Maotian Mountain phosphorus ore region(1 000～1 100 mm) as two research units.Through setting up the field observation experiments,the paper made parallel researches on the soil TN loss volume with runoff of mine discard land and major vegetation type of mining area under natural rainfall state.The research results indicate: Rainfall intensity was the key factor of soil TN loss in mine discard land.The soil TN loss volume in mine discard land was far larger than each vegetation type under heavy rain and rainstorm,and produces unfavorable influence to water of Fuxian Lake.The soil TN loss volume of each vegetation type depended on the surface runoff volume.The order of soil TN loss volume was in accordance with the order of each vegetation runoff total loss volume,run as follow: shrub-grass land clump of Pinus yunnanensis Pinus yunnanensis woods Mixed forest Pinus armandii woodsbamboo woods eucalyptus woods,and they can take detained function effectively to soil nitrogen except shrub-grass land.

According to the difference of annual rainfall volume,the phosphorus mining area of Fuxian lake watershed was divided into Dongda river watershed phosphorus region(1 200 ~ 1 300 mm) and Maotian mountain phosphorus region(1 000 ~ 1 100 mm) as two research units.Through setting up the field observation experiments,parallel researches on the soil phosphorus loss volume with runoff of mine discard land and major vegetation type of mining area under natural rainfall state were conducted.The research results indicated that rainfall intensity was the key factor of soil phosphorus loss in mine discard land.The soil phosphorus loss volume in mine discard land was far larger than each vegetative types under heavy rain and rainstorm,and produced unfavorable influence to water of Fuxian lake.The soil phosphorus loss volume of each vegetative depended on the surface runoff volume.The order of soil phosphorus loss volume was in accordance with the order of each vegetation runoff total loss volume,run as follow: shrub-grass land Pinus yunnanensis var.pygmaea woods Pinus yunnanensis woods mixed forest Pinus armandii woods bamboo woods eucalyptus woods,and they could take detained function effectively to soil phosphorus except shrub-grass land.

保护好区域内的生物多样性是进行生态示范区建设和实施可持续发展战略的关键所在.在主要从物种多样性、生态系统多样性二个层次上分析易门县生物多样性现状和现存问题的基础上,提出了相关对策,并论证了要建设好生态示范县必须积极采取有效措施进行生物多样性保护.

Succession of plant community on 1～5 year phosphate mining wasteland in Fuxianhu watershed of Yunnan was studied through the investigation of species composition,structure and relation with environment. The research showed that the first species to colonize and dominate abandoned fields were Artemisia dubia and Eupatorium coelestrium,etc.and a few years later Desmodium sequax occurred and dominated in some areas,With the succession of plant community, the coverage and biodiversity changed gradually.The succession is positive and faster,and it demonstrates that the phosphate mining wasteland in this area has the high ability to restoration.

Through studying the soil and water maintaining effects of eight types plant communities at phosphorite mining areas in the watershed of Fuxian Lake, the resistance and control capability of different plant communities towards run-off and soil erosion were explored. The communities with promising soil and water conservation capability were screened out. The study results showed that the resistance and control capability of bamboo forests and Alnus nepalensis were promising, and could be used at the early communities for the soil and water conservation of these areas. As far as the serious soil and water loss areas such as barren meadow and waste mine residue plot were concerned, owning to the serious soil and water loss and abject ability for resisting erosion, afforestation and closing the mountains to accelerate the natural regeneration of woodlands should be adopted. The soil erosion control capability of the forests of Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii,Eucalyptus and shrub were somewhat lower than that of bamboo forest and Alnus nepalensis.

Vegetation which has better effects of keeping water and soil loss in phosphate mining areas is chosen by comparative research on different vegetation areas under the same rainfall conditions in phosphate mining areas in Fuxianhu lake basin. The results show that there are 8 kinds of plants showing better effects, and bamboo community shows the best effects and the second is Alnus Nepalensis D Don. community.

The correlation analysis of the Landsat TM data, its derived data, meteorological data and topographic data with the biomass of the tropical forest vegetation for the lithocarpus forest, the other broad leaf forest and the hard broad-leaf forest is explored here in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, P.R.of China. It includes four steps. Firstly, the biomass for each forest sample is calculated by using the field inventory data of each sample. Secondly, GIS Database is established according the coordinate of each forest sample. Secondly, Remote sensing image and its derived data, meteorological data, topographical data and the biomass of each sample are referenced to the same projection and coordination. Finally, the correlation between the Landsat TM and its derived data, meteorological data, topographical data and the biomass is analyzed respectively for the lithocarpus forest, the other broad leaf forest and the hard broad-leaf forest. It is shown as follows: (1) The correlations of the biomass of lithocarpus forest and Landsat TM1,TM2,TM2,TM4,TM5,TM7,Bright,Green,Wet,VI3,DVI,PC1 and PVI are obvious at 0.05 level. (2) The correlation between the biomass of the other broad leaf forest and average rainfall per year is obvious at level 0.05. (3)The correlation of the biomass of the hard broad-leaf forest and average rainfall per year is obvious at level 0.05.

依据景观生态学的基本原理体系,以哈巴河小流域为研究对象,探讨横断山高山峡谷景观的生态规划与设计原理及方法.结果认为:哈巴河流域地形地貌在横断山区具有典型性,可按高山山地景观和中山山地与河谷景观进行功能分区.规划设计时,高山山地景观功能区以发挥其整体生态环境保护功能为主,不宜作更细微的划分;中山山地和河谷景观功能区规划设计为护岸经济林带单元、农田耕作单元和植被恢复单元.

演替是生物界最常见的自然现象之一.早在20世纪20年代,Clements就开始了系统的演替研究,他提出的演替经典模式对生态学的影响一直延续至今.数十年来,尽管生态学家相继提出了各种各样的演替理论或假说[1,15,16,24,25],但由于地域的限制和生态学家有限的经验,迄今为止还没有一个统一的演替理论或模式,甚至连演替一词的涵义各说不一[16].

云南省丽江县的玉龙雪山海拔高度5596m,是金沙江流域(云南部份)第一高峰,云南第二高峰.紧靠其西侧的金沙江江面海拔1750m,两者水平距离约12km,相对高差3846m,植被分布呈明显的垂直地带性规律.对玉龙雪山植被,曾有研究者进行过深入的研究[1～4].但因技术的限制,植被制图则不够理想.云南多高山峡谷地貌,交通落后,经济欠发达,植被调查的空白地区较多,加之山地植被类型的交叉、镶嵌现象普遍存在,本文应用遥感(RS)技术、全球卫星定位(GPS)技术和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,进行植被制图,并作了方法上的探讨.

位于长江上游的金沙江流域,是典型的生态脆弱带和长江流域中水土流失最为严重、地方经济最贫困的地区,同时也是云南省实施西部大开发战略,进行生态建设的重点区域[1].金沙江流域生态建设决策支持系统是政府及有关部门进行金沙江流域生态建设管理的科学依据和相关技术支撑.由于金沙江流域的复杂性和生态建设的多元性,以及政府对决策支持要求的系统性、准确性和可操作性.系统要求能够准确反应流域生态和建设的主要因子,突出流域生态建设的静态与动态的双重特性.因此,在系统的设计和建设过程中,对数据库的设计、数据的采集,正确衡量和评价流域内各不同区域的生态建设状况和存在的主要问题,以及决策支持的模型设计和参数选择等一系列的问题,都需要有明确的界定和标准.因此,与传统的指标体系研究不同[3,4],金沙江流域生态建设决策支持系统指标体系在确定系统的结构和功能中具有瓶颈的作用.

It is usually difficult to obtain information and make vegetation maps or land use maps in mountainous areas ,such as the north-west of Yunnan Province,China from satellite image.Because of the diversity of the land covers and the difference of the electromangnetic radiation , it is difficult to interpret the remotely sensed data in these areas,especially with the super Vised Classifiaation on computers,due to the probability that some different land features have same spectra,nhile some same land features have different spectra.To meet the need of fast regional investigation and to improve the effciency of auto-interpretation , this paper describes a method of interpreting region by region,picking up layer by layer,and mutual support of man and computer,The existing research results in these areas are also put into use in the interpretation.Satisfied results have been achieved the application of this method.

认识一个地区的植被,首先涉及到的是鉴别植物类型和植被分类问题.《中国植被》分出29个植被型,560余个群系,植被类型描述的主要对象是群系[1].《云南植被》根据所采用的植被分类原则和依据,划出12个植被型,169个群系和209个群丛,植被分类至群丛一级[2].面对如此庞大的分类系统,在中比例尺图上却只能反映到植被亚型和群系.为满足本课题研究目标,我们采用以反映现状植被的原则,便于今后动态监测.经过近二年的研究,金沙江流域(云南部份)1.091×105km2范围内有自然植被和栽培植被共23个植被类型,制作了1:250000的数字化植被图.

根据砂仁与海拔、小地形、植被的关系,利用地理信息系统技术研究了砂仁的现状种植区和潜在适宜种植区.提出功能区内禁止种植砂仁、实验区控制种植砂仁的建议,分析预测砂仁种植的扩大范围.