Objective:To observe the changes of macular microvessels in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and macular edema (ME) after intravitreal injection of aflibercept (IVA), and analyze its correlation with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Methods:A retrospective case study. Thirty patients (30 eyes) with monocular RVO with ME (RVO-ME) who were diagnosed in the clinical examination of Tianjin Eye Hospital from April 2019 to February 2020 were included in the study. Among them, there were 12 males (12 eyes) and 18 females(18 eyes); the average age was 54.30±13.17 years. The average course of disease was3.43±1.97 months. Both eyes were examined by BCVA and optical coherence tomography (OCTA). The on-demand injection was adopted after the first injection in IVA treatment regimen. The macular area 6 mm×6 mm in both eyes was scanned with an OCTA instrument, and the area of the foveal avascular area (FAZ), FAZ circumference (PERIM), and out-of-roundness were measured at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Index (AI), blood flow density within 300 μm width of FAZ (FD-300), foveal retinal thickness (CMT), superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP) blood flow density. The paired t test was used to compare the quantitative parameters of the affected eye and the contralateral healthy eye at baseline; the changes of the quantitative parameters at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between BCVA, retinal perfusion, and macular blood supply parameters at 6 months after IVA treatment. Results:At baseline, compared with the contralateral healthy eye, the FAZ area ( t=-4.091), PERIM ( t=-5.098) and AI ( t=-9.093) of the RVO-ME eye were enlarged, and FD-300 ( t=7.237) and overall SCP and DCP blood flow density ( t=8.735, 9.897) decreased, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Six months after treatment, the BCVA of RVO-ME eyes was significantly increased, CMT decreased, FAZ area expanded, and AI decreased ( t=8.566, 16.739, -6.469, 9.719; P<0.001), the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant change in the blood flow density of FD-300 and overall SCP and DCP, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=1.017, 1.197, 0.987; P>0.05). Compared with baseline, the FAZ area of RVO-ME eyes gradually expanded at 3 and 6 months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=21.979, P<0.001). Correlation analysis results showed that BCVA at 6 months after treatment was positively correlated with the overall SCP and DCP blood flow density at baseline and 6 months after treatment ( r=-0.538, -0.484, -0.879, -0.854; P<0.05). There was a negative correlation with the area of FAZ 6 months after treatment ( r=0.544, P=0.001). The number of ME recurrences was negatively correlated with BCVA and overall SCP and DCP blood flow density 6 months after treatment ( r=0.604, -0.462, -0.528; P<0.05), it was positively correlated with FAZ area ( r=0.379, P=0.043). Conclusion:Within 6 months of IVA treatment in RVO-ME eyes, ME is significantly reduced and visual acuity is improved; SCP blood flow density decreases, and FAZ area expands.

Objective:To observe the outcome of posterior staphyloma (PS) marginal retinal photocoagulation in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for high myopia macular hole retinal detachment eyes accompanied with PS.Methods:From January 2017 to June 2019, 49 patients (49 eyes) with high myopia macular hole retinal detachment accompanied with PS who were undergone PPV operation from Tianjin Eye Hospital were included in this study. There were 13 males (13 eyes) and 36 females (36 eyes). All patients underwent best corrected visual acuities (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography examinations. The standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used for BCVA examination, and the visual acuity was converted to minimum resolution angle in logarithmic (logMAR) when recorded. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to surgical options: conventional PPV with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling (group A, 24 eyes), PS marginal retinal photocoagulation in PPV with ILM peeling (group A, 25 eyes). The mean preoperative logMAR BCVA of group A and B were 1.87±0.28 and 1.80±0.37, the difference was not statistically significant ( t=0.604, P=0.551). The patients in the group A received 23G PPV, triamcinolone acetonide staining during the operation, the epiretinal membrane was peeled off, indocyanine green assisted staining, the posterior macular ILM was peeled off, and the peripheral retina was examined in detail during the operation. Areas with retinal degeneration were reinforced by laser photocoagulation, and the subretinal fluid was drained through the macular hole and filled with silicone oil. The eyes of the group B were subjected to retinal photocoagulation for 2 to 3 rows at the edge of the PS in addition to the usual surgical procedures. The average follow-up time was 8.34±3.21 months. Surgical outcome were estimated by the average number of operation, retinal reattachment rate, macular hole closure rate and BCVA. The χ2 test or Fisher exact probability was used to compare the count data. Independent sample t test was used to compare the measurement data. Results:Retinal reattachment was obtained in 17 eyes (70.8%, 17/24) and 24 eyes (96.0%, 24/25) in group A and B after first surgery respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=3.984, P=0.046). Final retinal reattachment was obtained in all 49 eyes. Final macular hole closure was in 15 eyes (62.5%, 15/24) and 19 eyes (76.0%, 19/25) in group A and B, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=1.051, P=0.305). The mean postoperative logMAR BCVA of group A (1.20±0.47) and B (1.08±0.39) were all improved than preoperative BCVA, the differences were all statistically significant ( t=2.899, 5.327; P=0.001, 0.000), the differences of mean postoperative logMAR BCVA between two groups was not statistically significant ( t=0.675, P=0.506). The mean number of operation of group A (2.63±0.88) was more than group B (2.08±0.28), the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.003, P=0.006). Conclusion:In comparison with conventional PPV, combined PS marginal retinal photocoagulation can improve retinal reattachment rate after first surgery, and reduce the number of reoperations.

目的 探讨乳腺癌术后放疗(PMRT)对新辅助化疗(NAC)后达到腋窝淋巴结阴性(ypN0)的临床T1-2N1M0期乳腺癌患者的治疗意义.方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学肿瘤医院2003—2013年收治的共187例在新辅助化疗后达到ypN0的病理淋巴结阳性,临床分期T1-2N1M0同时接受手术治疗的乳腺癌患者的临床资料,所有入组患者治疗前行淋巴结细针抽吸细胞活检(FNAB)进行病理分期.依据有无接受乳腺癌术后放疗将患者分为放疗组(81例)和未放疗组(106例),并对2组患者的临床病理特征进行分析统计.采用Kaplan-Meier法测定无局部复发生存(LRRFS)率、无远处转移生存(DMFS)率、无疾病生存(DFS)率和总生存(OS)率的生存曲线,Cox回归分析患者上述几个生存指标的预后影响因素.结果 PMRT治疗组DFS和DMFS获得显著改善(P<0.05),而LRRFS和OS组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).NAC后病理T分期较早者、行PMRT以及年龄≥40岁患者DMFS和DFS的预后较好(P<0.05).软组织受累的患者LRRFS预后较差(P<0.05).结论 临床T1-2N1M0期乳腺癌NAC和改良根治术后达到ypN0的乳腺癌患者总体生存情况较好,行术后放疗不能改善乳腺癌总生存质量和局部复发,但是能显著降低其远处转移率以及提高无病生存率.

目的 探讨长方案中不同剂量促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a,达菲林)降调节对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响.方法 按GnRH-a剂量不同,将311例接受IVF-ET行长方案治疗患者分为4组,其中A组47例达菲林剂量为0.8 mg,B组89例达菲林剂量为l mg,C组99例达菲林剂量为1.1 mg,D组76例达菲林剂量为1.25 mg.比较4组超促排卵各参数[促性腺激素(Gn)使用时间、Gn用量、HCG日内膜厚度、HCG日内膜形态、移植日内膜厚度、获卵数、MII率]及IVF-ET结局.结果 A、B、D组Gn使用时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),但C组Gn使用时间明显长于A组(P＜0.05);D组Gn用量明显小于A、B、C组(P均＜0.05);B组移植日子宫内膜厚度大于C、D组(P均＜0.05);B、C、D组获卵数均明显多于A组(P均＜0.05),且D组明显多于B组(P＜0.05);A组ICSI受精率明显高于C组和D组(P均＜0.05),2PN率明显高于B、C、D组(P均＜0.05);D组妊娠率明显高于A组(P＜0.05).4组其余指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 增加GnRH-a剂量不会明显增加Gn用量,子宫内膜厚度会维持在适宜的水平,妊娠率提高,获得良好的妊娠结局.达菲林1.25 mg降调节结局优于0.8 mg.

八髎穴属足太阳膀胱经腧穴,位于腰骶部,是上、次、中、下髎穴的总称.因其特殊的解剖学位置,临床上常用于盆腔器官相关疾病的治疗,尤其是泌尿系统、生殖系统、消化系统以及骨骼肌肉系统的相关疾病.本文总结了八髎穴的历史沿革、解剖学意义、生理特性、针灸方法以及各系统的临床应用.