Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of pediatric Faropenem sodium against common pathogens isolated from children′s respiratory tract in vitro, and to provide reference for its clinical research and application. Methods:Retrospective analysis.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Faropenem sodium, Merope-nem, Imipenem and other antibiotics was determined by the agar dilution method.A total of 156 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae [including 32 strains of Penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PSSP), 28 strains of Penicillin-intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae (PISP) and 96 strains of Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)], 98 strains of Haemophilus influenza, 173 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 55 strains of Moraxella catarrhali clinical isolates were used.MIC 50, MIC 90 and the accumulative inhibition of the bacteria were investigated. Results:The MIC of Faropenem sodium against all the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains ranged from 0.010-2.000 mg/L.There was no difference in the MIC distribution of Faropenem sodium against PSSP, PISP and PRSP, and the MIC 90 value was all 1.000 mg/L.Faropenem sodium inhibited all the Haemophilus influenza strains at concentrations ranging from 0.030-8.000 mg/L.There was no difference in the MIC distribution of Faropenem sodium against Haemophilus influenza with or without β-lactamase and Ampicillin resistance.The MIC 90 value was all 4.000 mg/L.Ho-wever, the MIC of Faropenem sodium against Klebsiella pneumoniae ranged from 0.250 to above 32.000 mg/L, and both MIC 50 and MIC 90 were greater than 32.000 mg/L.Faropenem sodium inhibited all the Moraxella catarrhalis strains at concentrations ranging from 0.030-2.000 mg/L, with MIC 50 being 0.500 mg/L and MIC 90 being 1.000 mg/L. Conclusions:Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results in vitro demonstrate that pediatric Faropenem sodium has satisfactory antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis, but comparatively weak antibacterial activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Pertussis toxin(PTx), an important toxin that produced by Bordetella pertussis, is an important pathogenic factor in the pathogenesis of whooping cough.The previous studies have showed that PTx interacting proteins vary distinctly in size, ranging from the 43 kD surface protein of human lymphocyte to the 200 kD surface protein of insulin secreting cells.PTx has been shown to interact with N-linked oligosaccharides on the surface of host cells, sialoglycoprotein-like factors, glycoproteins such as haptoglobin, fetuin, G D1a glycolipids.Especially, the interaction of PTx with its receptor Gi protein can result in increased intracellular cAMP level, which will lead to multiple physiological responses.However, the current limited understanding of other PTx modified substrates and interacting proteins in cells has seriously hindered our understanding on the mechanism that PTx regulates other signaling pathways and physiological functions of the host.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the prevalence of Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tb) and the resistance of anti-tuberculosis drugs in the initial treatment and retreatment patients with tuberculosis in Beijing. Methods:A total of 1 140 cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical strains from various districts in Beijing were randomly collected.The drug susceptibility test was carried out by proportional method.The Beijing genotype and non-Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis were identified by Spoligotyping method.Statistical methods were used to analyze the association between drug resistance and the prevalence of Beijing genotypes.Results:Among the tuberculosis patients with initial treatment, the percentages of strains resistant to isoniazide, amikacin, capreomycin, para-aminosalicylic among Beijing genotype family strains were significantly lower than those among non-Beijing genotype strains ( χ2=2.670, 15.282, 16.219, 22.676, all P<0.05). Among the retreatment tuberculosis cases, the percentages of strains resistant to amikacin and para-aminosalicylic among Beijing genotype family strains were significantly lower than those among non-Beijing genotype strains ( χ2=15.167, 4.574, all P<0.05), the percentage of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among Beijing genotype family strains was significantly lower than that among non-Beijing genotype strains ( χ2=7.046, P<0.05). Conclusions:There are different associations between the prevalence of Beijing genotypic Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the occurrence of the resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in initial treatment and retreatment cases.There are associations with the occurrence of drug resistance to isoniazide, amikacin, capreomycin and para-aminosalicylic in initial treatment cases, while there are associations only with the occurrence of drug resistance to amikacin and para-aminosalicylic in retreatment cases.Meanwhile, the percentage of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis occurred from Beijing genotypic strains is lower in retreatment cases.

目的 明确国内一株红霉素耐药百日咳鲍特菌P2013109的全基因组序列,了解其基因特征.方法 对一株抗原基因型为ptxAl/ptxCl/ptxPl/prnl/fim2-1/fim3-1/tcfA2的临床分离红霉素耐药百日咳鲍特菌P2013109采用了二代和三代高通量测序技术进行了全基因组测序,对基因组进行组装、基因预测和功能注释,并与包含我国疫苗株CS、国外疫苗株TohamaⅠ,以及国外发表临床分离的共15株菌的完整基因组序列进行全基因组比较分析.结果 P2013109的完整基因组序列总长度4 126 010 bp,GC含量为67.72％,预测基因有4 085个.该基因组的所有拷贝23s rRNA基因均显示A2047G突变.相比P2013109,其他15株菌主要存在3个比较大的缺失区域.另外,将P2013109与其他16株进行系统发育树分析,显示全部菌株分成3个遗传分支.TohamaⅠ和CS这两个疫苗株归类为Ⅰ型,它们与其他2个型别相比较呈现76个SNPs.P2013109独立为Ⅱ型,与其他菌株的进化关系相对较远,相比较其他菌株呈现25个SNPs.国外菌株为Ⅲ型,与其他菌株相比呈现21个SNPs.结论 国内当前流行的红霉素耐药百日咳鲍特菌具有独特的系统发育分支,其遗传进化与疫苗株和国外流行菌株不同.

目的 分析临床和实验室诊断百日咳病例的临床流行病学特点,并比较细菌培养与荧光定量PCR 2种病原菌检测方法的应用价值.方法 收集北京儿童医院864例百日咳送检患儿的临床信息,并采用细菌培养和荧光定量PCR检测其鼻咽拭子标本,分析不同诊断标准下百日咳临床流行病学特点,以及2种实验室诊断的临床应用价值.结果 临床诊断与细菌培养和荧光定量PCR实验室诊断的百日咳病例的地区、季节和年龄分布相似,北京儿童医院就诊的百日咳患儿以河北(41.6％～45.2％)、北京(36.4％～42.9％)两地为主,诊断病例集中于夏秋季节(5月份?9月份),婴儿是百日咳发病的主要人群(77.5％～89.3％).2种实验室诊断方法相比,典型临床症状"吸气性回声"在细菌培养阳性样本组更为常见(χ2=5.086,P=0.024).以临床诊断为标准,细菌培养和荧光定量PCR诊断百日咳的灵敏度分别为27.1％和51.5％,特异度分别为79.0％和59.0％;不满足临床诊断标准的458例患儿中,细菌培养或荧光定量PCR检测为阳性的共193例(42.1％).结论 临床诊断和实验室诊断百日咳揭示的临床流行病学特征相似.以临床诊断为标准,细菌培养诊断百日咳灵敏度低、特异度高,荧光定量PCR灵敏度较高、特异度较低.实验室检测能发现更多临床不典型病例.