目的 了解2020年陕西省中小学生近视现状及影响因素,为中小学生近视防治提供科学依据.方法 于2020年10-11月,采用分层整群抽样方法选择陕西省10个地市的小学四至六年级、初中和高中学生31 780人为研究对象,进行问卷调查、远视力检查和屈光检查.采用SPSS 18.0软件进行x2检验和多因素logistic回归分析.结果 陕西省中小学生近视检出率为69.12％.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女生(OR=1.448)、学校类型(与小学相比,初中OR=2.364,普通高中 OR=5.636,职业高中OR=1.850)、课后读写时间≥1h(与＜1 h 相比,1～＜2 h OR=1.130,2～＜3 hOR=1.136,≥3 h OR=1.196)、视屏时间≥1h(与＜1 h 相比,1～＜2h OR=1.167,2～＜3 h OR=1.152,≥3 h OR=1.235)、父母一方近视(OR=1.738)和双方均近视(OR=2.689)、视力检查次数(与不检查视力相比,检查1～2次OR=1.181,检查≥3次OR=1.104)与中小学生近视高风险相关,均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),郊县(OR=0.891)、做眼保健操(OR=0.791)、在户外进行课间休息(OR=0.938)、眼睛与书本距离≥33 cm(OR=0.830)、家长限制看电子产品时间(OR=0.913)与中小学生近视低风险相关,均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 陕西省中小学生近视率相对较高,防控形势十分严峻.应重点关注女生、城区、高年级、视屏时间及课后读写时间过长、父母近视的中小学生视力情况.

OBJECTIVE:To describe dietary intake of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2 and vitamin C and compare the intake between urban and rural areas among preschool children aged 2-5 years based on the data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China.METHODS:Children from 14 provinces were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, and the dietary data of preschool children aged 2-5 years were recorded using the 3 day 24-hour weighted food records method. SAS 9.4 was used to calculate dietary intake of these micronutrients based on the Chinese Food Composition Table and to compare the intake between urban and rural areas. The risk of insufficient or excessive intake of micronutrients among Chinese children aged 2-5 years was assessed according to the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(DRIs) 2013 edition.RESULTS:A total of 820 children aged 2 to 5 years were selected. The median daily dietary calcium intake of children aged 2-5 years in China was 433.7, 338.9, 356.4 and 347.4 mg, respectively. The median daily dietary intake of vitamin B_1 of children aged 2-5 years was 0.5 mg for all age groups. The median daily dietary vitamin B_2 intake of children aged 2-5 years was 0.7, 0.6, 0.6 and 0.6 mg, respectively. The median daily dietary intake of vitamin C of children aged 2-5 years was 37.9, 37.4, 44.0 and 40.0 mg, respectively. The median daily dietary selenium intake of children aged 2-5 years was 17.1, 20.5, 22.7 and 22.3 μg, respectively. Dietary calcium intake for aged 2-5 years, dietary vitamin B_2 intake for aged 2-4 years, dietary iron, selenium, zinc and vitamin B_1 intake for aged 2-3 years was significantly greater in urban children than rural children. Among all nutrients, the proportion of dietary calcium intakes below the estimated average requirement(EAR) was the highest in aged 2-5 years(61.4%, 76.4%, 91.4% and 91.5%, respectively). The proportions of dietary vitamin B_1, vitamin C and selenium intake lower than EAR of children aged 2-5 years in China were 52.4%-63.2%, 42.8%-50.2% and 46.6%-58.7%, respectively.COUCLUSION:The dietary calcium intake of children aged 2-5 years in China remains insufficient for these children, especially for rural children. Dietary vitamin B_1, vitamin C and selenium intake should be improved.

目的 了解0～23月龄婴幼儿大运动发育情况及其影响因素.方法 采用"儿心量表-Ⅱ"对全国20省市3 739名0～23月龄婴幼儿大运动发育商进行测查,同时采用问卷调查收集婴幼儿及其抚养人的相关信息.结果 出生体质量(β=-0.666,P=0.002)、主要抚养人(β=-0.395,P=0.000)、喂养方式(β=-0.250,P=0.011)、添加辅食(β=0.441,P=0.000)及家庭月均收入(β=0.189,P=0.005)与儿童大运动发育商的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 低出生体质量不利于儿童大运动发育,母亲作为主要抚养人且家庭月均收入较高对孩子的大运动发育具有一定的促进作用.在喂养方面,坚持纯母乳喂养、适时添加辅食有助于大运动发育.

目的 了解陕西省农村地区中小学生维生素D营养状况,评估国家“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(简称“计划”)的实施效果,为合理补充维生素D提供科学依据. 方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样,抽取2015-2017年陕西省参加“计划”的横山区、长武县、勉县中小学学生,采集空腹静脉血,对血清25-羟基维生素D(25-hydroxyvitamin D,25-(OH) D)进行测量,计算维生素D缺乏率、亚临床缺乏率,并进行分析评价. 结果 2015-2017年监测学生血清25-(OH)D为(22.21-±9.04) ng/ml,维生素D缺乏率、亚临床缺乏率分别为4.39％,41.95％;男生和女生血清25-(OH)D平均水平为(23.42±9.32)ng/ml和(20.94±8.56)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(t=7.537,P＜0.001),小学生高于初中生(归15.644,P＜0.001),陕北＞关中＞陕南(F=90.810,P＜0.001);维生素D缺乏率、亚临床缺乏率,女生＞男生(x2=47.665,P＜0.001),初中生＞小学生(x2=146.965,P＜0.001),陕南＞关中＞陕北(x2=219.214,P＜0.001),2015年、2016年＞2017年(x2=382.476,P＜0.001).结论 自“计划”实施以来,学生维生素D营养缺乏有所改善,但仍不容乐观,仍有部分处于亚临床缺乏状态,应引起重视,加大营养改善力度.