Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is currently clinically mainly used to provide medium and long-term intravenous infusions for critically ill patients. Although it provides patients with relatively safe intravenous access, it is affected by many factors and it is easy to cause many complications after PICC catheterization. This article reviews causes of common complications after PICC catheterization and discusses the corresponding preventive and nursing measures in order to improve awareness and attention of Chinese nursing staff to complications caused by PICC catheterization and to prevent and reduce the incidence of complications after PICC catheterization.

目的 探讨器官捐献脑死亡判定中的护理配合方法.方法 总结吉林大学第一医院神经创伤外科2019年6月至2020年5月93例患者脑死亡判定的护理配合要点.提前预判脑死亡情况与医生及时沟通,确定脑死亡判定启动时间点;合理布局床旁仪器,预留脑死亡判定操作空间;监测生命体征,调整升压药物使用;快速完成自主呼吸激发试验的动脉血气抽取.结果 脑死亡判定93例,成功捐献89例,完成肝脏移植76例,完成肾脏移植164例.脑死亡判定确认试验完成情况:脑电图89例(95.7％),经颅多普勒超声88例(94.6％),正中神经短潜伏期体感诱发电位55例(59.1％).72例(77.4％)完成脑死亡自主呼吸激发试验,其中动脉留置针进行动脉血气抽取病例为12例(16.6％).结论 熟知脑死亡判定流程,优质的护理配合,是保证脑死亡判定快速顺利完成的重要环节.

呼吸机相关性肺炎是经气管插管或切开进行机械性通气的患者最常见的院内相关性肺部感染。本文针对引发机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎发生的危险因素及预防护理进行综述。其危险因素主要有原发疾病、细菌感染、胃肺逆行感染、体位等，其预防护理主要为空气消毒、医护人员手卫生、口腔护理、呼吸道管理等。