Efficient catalyst development for hydrogen peroxide activation is crucial in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) technology. In this study, we successfully synthesized a bimetallic organic framework incorporating CuCo MOF nanosheets via a one-pot strategy. The subsequent Cu-Co MOF nanosheets demonstrated outstanding oxidative activity, achieving a remarkable 95.37 % removal of norfloxacin (NOR), surpassing the efficacy of Cu MOF/H2O2 or Co MOF/H2O2 nanosheets alone by 1.34 and 2.59 times, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the bimetallic MOF nanosheets: firstly, enhanced optimization of the adsorption energy for H2O2 activation; and secondly, facilitated the cleavage of the O-O bond in H2O2. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in interfacial electron transfer once dual-reaction centers were introduced into the Cu-Co MOF nanosheets. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and quenching tests confirmed that O-1(2), center dot O-2(-) and center dot OH were involved in NOR degradation. Reasonable NOR degradation pathways were proposed by analysing the results of LC-MS and DFT calculations. Moreover, the synthesized nanosheets exhibited excellent reusability, with more than 90.00 % NOR removal achieved using the Cu-Co MOF nanosheets/H2O2 system after reuse on 3 occasions. These findings underscore the effectiveness of bimetallic MOF construction in developing highly efficient MOF-based Fentonlike catalysts. Also highlighted here is the promising role of Cu-Co MOF nanosheets in wastewater treatment, particularly for the removal of antibiotics.

The development of efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is crucial to realize the commercialized application of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells. Platinum group metals (PGMs) have been extensively used as alkaline HOR catalysts because they exhibit high activity and stability. Currently, searching for methods to improve the catalytic activity and reduce the loading of PGMs is the main research interest of PGM-based electrocatalysts. The alloying method has been regarded as an effective strategy. In this review, we summarized various kinds of PGM-based alloys, including traditional random alloys, single-atom alloys, high-entropy alloys and intermetallic compounds, and highlighted the challenges and future directions regarding the development of advanced PGM-based alloys. The alloying method has been considered as a useful way for enhancing the performance of platinum group metal (PGM) based electrocatalysts. In this work, ddifferent categories of PGM-based alloys, including traditional random alloys, single-atom alloys, high-entropy alloys and intermetallic compounds, as efficient electrocatalysts toward alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction are summarized and discussed.image

The development of effective and practical adsorbents for eliminating pollutants still remains a significant challenge. Herein, we synthesized a novel magnetically separable composite, Co0.6Fe2.4O4/MIL-101-NH2, through the in-situ growth of MIL-101-NH2 on magnetic nanoparticles, designed specifically for the removal of Congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. MIL-101-NH2 possessed high BET surface area (240.485 m2•g−1) and facile magnetic separation function and can be swiftly separated (within 30 s) through an external magnetic field post-adsorption. The investigation systematically explored the influence of crucial parameters, including adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorption duration, temperature, and the presence of interfering ions, on CR adsorption performance. Findings indicate that CR adsorption adheres to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis reveals the spontaneity, endothermic nature, and orderly progression of the adsorption process. Remarkably, the adsorbent with 0.1 g•L−1 boasts an impressive maximum adsorption capacity of 1756.19 mg•g−1 for CR at 298.15 K, establishing its competitive advantage. The reuse of the adsorbent over 5 cycles remains 78

Waste soybean oil resulting from repeated cooking and heating is a significant component of food industry waste. Transforming this waste soybean oil into eco-friendly and various products offers an efficient solution to enhance resource utilization. This study employed thermal cycling treatment to simulate the cooking process of soybean oil and analyzed its impact on synthesizing epoxidized soybean oil, soybean oil polyols, and soybean oil-based waterborne polyurethanes. Waste soybean oil was demonstrated to be a cost-effective feedstock for producing vegetable oil-based waterborne polyurethanes. For more diversified applications, the synthesized waterborne polyurethanes were utilized in the preparation of carbon quantum dots, resulting in a diverse range of colors through the incorporation of gardenia pigments. Moreover, through complexing with gelatin, robust composite films and multicolored fluorescent anti-counterfeiting inks were produced. The waterborne polyurethane is found to form a composite cross-linking network with gelatin, resulting in an increase in tensile strength of 130.72% and elongation at break of 258.98% for the composite film compared to the pure gelatin film. In comparison to physical blending, chemical grafting of gardenia pigment enhances the printability and firmness of the ink. The printed pattern produced by the ink emits a vivid blue fluorescence when excited at a wavelength of 365 nm, making it valuable for anti-counterfeiting ink applications.

High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) consisting of five or more elements in high concentrations have gained popularity as an ideal platform for catalysts due to their unique chemical properties and physical structure. However, facile synthesis methods are needed to overcome the high energy consumption and stringent requirements of traditional HEAs fabrication. In this work, we designed a quinary FeCoNiVMo HEAs catalyst, obtained through a one-step hydrothermal and self-reduction treatment. The catalyst exhibits excellent OER performance with a 289 mV overpotential to achieve 10 mAcm-2 in an alkaline medium and remarkable stability over 2000 min. The characterization results show that the introduction of both V and Mo greatly improves the electronic modulation among complex chemical compositions and optimizes electron transfer during OER. The DFT analysis revealed that the active center received a greater influx of electrons due to the chemical interactions among the five metals, resulting in the formation of an electron-rich zone. The electron-rich zone could produce more efficient active centers, and the polymetallic model enabled a stronger electron-accepting capability at the active sites. This was beneficial for enhancing the free-energy optimization of intermediate adsorption, thereby boosting the inherent catalytic activity. This work provides a facile synthesis of high-entropy alloys using a formic acid ligand as a sacrificial reductant, and a reference worthy idea of the catalytic mechanism of HEAs, which provides favorable support for the future development of a variety of low-cost transition metal catalysts.

Transition metal-based catalysts are commonly used for water electrolysis and cost-effective hydrogen fuel production due to their exceptional electrochemical performance, particularly in enhancing the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. In this study, a novel approach was developed for the preparation of catalysts with abundant active sites and defects. The MoCoFe-phosphide catalyst nanosheets were synthesized using a simple one-step hydrothermal reaction and chemical vapor deposition-based phosphorization. The resulting MoCoFe-phosphide catalyst nanosheets displayed excellent electrical conductivity and a high number of electrochemically active sites, leading to high electrocatalytic activities and efficient kinetics for the OER. The MoCoFe-phosphide catalyst nanosheets demonstrated remarkable catalytic activity, achieving a low overpotential of only 250 mV to achieve the OER at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. The catalyst also exhibited a low Tafel slope of 43.38 mV dec-1 and maintained high stability for OER in alkaline media, surpassing the performance of most other transition metal-based electrocatalysts. The outstanding OER performance can be attributed to the effects of Mo and Fe, which modulate the electronic properties and structures of CoP. The results showed a surface with abundant defects and active sites with a higher proportion of Co2+ active sites, a larger specific surface area, and improved interfacial charge transfer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the catalyst's high activity originates from the presence of Mo6+/Mo4+ and Co2+/Co3+ redox couples, as well as the formation of active metal (oxy)hydroxide species on its surface.

The tremendous potential of high-entropy alloys (HEA) in the electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is well known, but many issues pertaining to building more reliable HEA systems to maximize its synergistic advantages and explaining their complex electrochemical interface behavior need to be discussed. Herein, a convenient composite metal-organic framework (MOF) co-pyrolysis method is designed to reconstruct the precursor in a high-temperature inert atmosphere and prepare a core-shell structure nitrogen-containing carbon nanotube-coated six-metal alloy (FeCoNiVCrZn HEA) as an excellent alkaline medium OER catalyst. It can achieve a working current density of 10 mA cm-2 at 249 mV overpotential, and the current fluctuation range is less than 3.12% after constant voltage operation for an extended time in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Its electrocatalytic activity and stability surpass those of the same type of alloy catalyst and commercial IrO2/C catalyst. We tracked the trend of the concentration and chemical state of metal ions between two phases during the electrochemical process and found that the interface reconfiguration of the high-entropy alloy is regulated by the characteristic transition metal migration behavior. On this basis, through density functional theory (DFT) calculation, we further explored the alkaline medium surface metal dissolution and surface reconfiguration behavior and verified that the active MOOH (M = Fe, Co and Ni) phase plays a key role in the reaction steps for the adsorption of the oxygen species. This work provides a unique perspective for the study of HEA in OER structure optimization and interface behavior and shows a new prospect for the development of advanced OER electrocatalysts.

In this study, we explord the catalytic activity of NiCoFe_phosphide nanosheets as highly active and stable catalysts for OER. Electrochemical analysis exhibits a low overpotential of 259 mV in (1 M KOH), achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a low Tafel slope of 50.47 mV dec−1.

Catherine Housecroft和Alan G. Sharpe合著的Inorganic Chemistry是一本经历了时间检验的经典教材，其内容涵盖了无机化学的基础原理、元素化学、生物无机化学以及这些知识在催化、工业生产和材料等领域的应用。本文希望通过对该教材的介绍及其与国内教材的编写内容和排版等的对照分析，为国内无机化学的教材编写提供一些有价值的参考，同时为从事无机化学教学的教师提供一个选择参考教材的选项。

Nowadays human’s uncontrolled production and living activities have caused global environmental pollution. Nitrogen/Sulfur containing compounds (NCCs/SCCs), harmful gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), personal medicines and nursing products (PPCPs), dyes and heavy metals are the six common pollutants in the environment, and the first three are mainly in liquid form in fuel oil or released into the air as gases, while the latter three are principally enriched in wastewater. MOF-derived materials (MDMs) inherit excellent properties of MOF and avoid their application defects, making MDMs be widely used in the adsorption of pollutants. This paper reviews the progress of the application of MDMs in the adsorptive removal of these six pollutants, summarizes the most suitable MOF precursors for the preparation of MDMs for each type of pollutants, and prospects the outlook of the adsorption applications of MDMs, which can provide theoretical support for the subsequent development of efficient, economical and practical MDMs adsorbents.

This work aims to develop the novel TVB-N sensitive film for monitoring food freshness. The film was fabricated based on carboxymethyl starch sodium (CMS)/agar (AG) complex and natural pigment, red radish anthocyanins (RRA). However, RRA is highly unstable under high humid conditions for their hydrophily. To immobilize RRA in AG film, we brought up CMS (negative charge) to immobilize RRA (positive charge) via electrostatic attractions and combined CMS and AG via hydrogen bond self-assembly. Zeta potential, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and X-ray diffraction analysis proved the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond self-assembly effect, indicating RRA immobilized effectively. Migration evaluation displayed that RRA remained stable in a high humidity environment (from RH 35%-95%). And its color difference is less than 5% in the low-temperature environment (4 ?). The prepared sensing film was found to be applied to detect the freshness of packaged grass carp and shrimp products. Its colors changed from initial orange-red to light red (3rd day) and then purple (4th day) with the increase of volatile amines inside the packaging. These findings suggested the film can be used as a sensing device for intelligent packaging of protein-rich food.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical anodic reaction of electrochemical water splitting, developing a high-efficiency electrocatalyst is essential. Transition metal-based catalysts are much more cost-effective if comparable activities can be achieved. Among them, fluorides are rarely reported due to their low aqueous stability of coordination and low electric conductivity. Herein, a NiCo bimetallic fluoride with good crystallinity is designed and constructed, and significantly enhanced catalytic activity and conductivity are observed. The inevitable oxidation of transition metal ions at high potential and the dissociation of F- are attributed to the low aqueous stability of coordination. The theoretical researches predicte that transition metal fluorides should have a strong tendency to electrochemical reconstruction. Therefore, based on the observations on their electrochemical behavior, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and bode plots, it is further demonstrated that surface reconstruction occurred during the electrochemical process, meanwhile a significant increase of electrochemically active area, which is created by F migration, are also directly observed. Additionally, DFT calculation results show that the electronic structure of the catalysts is modulated by the bimetallic centers, and this reconstruction helps optimizing the adsorption energy of oxygen-containing species and improves OER activity.

The development of high-performance non-precious metal-based robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for both hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） and oxygen evolution reactions（OER） in alkaline media is essential for the electrochemical overall water splitting technologies. Herein, we demonstrate that the HER/OER performance of Co Se 2 can be significantly enhanced by tuning the 3d-orbital electron filling degree through Mo doping. Both density functional theory（DFT） calculations and experimental results imply that the doping of Mo with higher proportion of the unoccupied d-orbital（Pun） could not only serve as the active center for water adsorption to enhance the water molecule activation, but also modulate the electronic structures of Co metal center leading to the optimized adsorption strength of*H. As expected, the obtained Mo-Co Se 2 exhibits a remarkable bifunctional performance with overpotential of only 85 m V for HER and 245 m V for OER to achieve the current density of 10 m A/cm~2 in alkaline media.This work will provide a valuable insight to design highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst towards HER and OER.

Gelatin films for food packaging have gained popularity due to their affordability, strong renewability, and high biodegradability. However, pure gelatin film has poor stretch ability, moisture-sensitive, and no antibacterial properties, which limits its use in food industry. In this work, we effectively grafted quaternary ammonium groups onto a novel castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane (CWU). Gelatin was mixed with carious concentrations of CWU to create composite films. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, water permeability and oxygen permeability of these composite films improved dramatically with the increase of CWU concentration. The composite films demonstrated good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus due to the antibacterial capabilities of quaternary ammonium compound. The shelf life of the strawberry packaged in the composite film is extended to more than 6 days. Therefore, the new CWU mixed with gelatin could serve as an alternative food packaging material.

通过比较三十本国内外流行的无机化学类教材，分析国内无机化学课程的构成，找出能够与之对应的国际流行教材，发现我国的无机化学课程相当于国际上化学原理或普通化学课程与描述无机化学的叠加。在特色上，国内无机化学教材覆盖面广，内容较深，文字精炼，但不易自学；国外无机化学教材中化学原理教材通常内容较浅，图文并茂，循序渐进，理论与应用及前沿有很好的结合；国外描述无机化学教材有的覆盖面窄，有的覆盖面宽，同时紧贴前沿。这些好的地方值得我们在教材建设时借鉴。

To alleviating environmental problems and adapting to sustainable development, developing an efficient and flexible ammonia gas detection equipment remains a great challenge. A room temperature polyaniline/cobalt porphyrin (PANI/CoTPP) NH 3 gas sensor based on flexible ITO-PET substrate was prepared by one-step self-assembled electrodeposition method. We found that the electrodeposition of ANI and CoTPP destroyed the original dendritic structure in the molecular chain and led to the aggregation of a large number of massive particles, increasing the contact area between the sensor and NH 3 . Further, the introduced CoTPP not only had a moderate cooperative capture ability for NH 3 , but also emerged charge polarization effect when contacting with NH 3 . Therefore, the as-obtained flexible NH 3 sensor has excellent sensing response and recoverability. Its good response performance is demonstrated by the lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.83 ppm. The ability of CoTPP to capture NH 3 in PCT sensor is verified by DFT calculations with First-principles investigation. This work indicates that this well-designed PANI/CoTPP NH 3 gas sensor based on flexible ITO-PET substrate is a potential way to design ammonia gas sensors.

We report a VFeNi/VO(OH) 2 catalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies. It can achieve advanced OER activity and ultra-high stability in a long electrocatalysis test.

Zumdahl夫妇和DeCoste合著的Chemistry是一本在国内外广受赞誉的化学原理类教材。本文以此教材为例，介绍了国外化学原理类的教材。Chemistry这本教材内容既有广度同时也具有深度，具有可读性强、适用面广和拓展性强的特点。教材编写紧扣其培养学生化学思维和知识应用能力的基本理念，在内容和形式设计上运用了多种策略培养学生分析解决问题的能力和批判性思维能力。

Available online Integrating transition metal centered MOFs with conductive materials is a feasible route to enhance electron transfer efficiency of materials. Herein, a composite porous structure CQDs10@NiFe-MOF-A was fabricated via introducing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) into porous NiFe-MOF. The CQDs would make partial loss of lattice in MOF during its growth, leading to the composite building block with the coexistance of crystalline region and amorphous region. The calcining treatment would produce an ultrathin protective layer as well as some lattice collapse. The synergy effect between NiFe ions effectively regulated electronic structure of metal active sites, and successful grafting of CQDs to NiFe-MOF significantly improved electrical conductivity. As expected, the catalyst exhibited outstanding OER performances with high mass activity of 91.6 A/g at overpotential of 300 mV and robust durability of 10,000 cycles in 1 mol/L KOH, which outperformed that of noble catalyst IrO2 of 25.2 A/g. The strategy paves a feasible and effective avenue for the non-noble metal catalysts.

Biosafe colorimetric labels that can accurately evaluate food freshness have been widely investigated in recent years. Here, red cabbage anthocyanin labels and back propagation (BP) neural network are combined to form a system for monitoring fish freshness. Anthocyanins extracted from red cabbage were used as color response pigments and carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized sodium alginate (CMCS/OSA) as the solid matrix. They were dispersed in silica sol to obtain colorimetric labels using the screen-printing approach. The label is recognized by the mobile phone to obtain freshness information, rather than the traditional method with the color card. The labels underwent color gradation during the storage period which was driven by response of anthocyanins to changes in pH. Computers are more sensitive to changes in color than the human eye. The labels are divided into three categories according to the freshness of the fish. BP neural network trained with labeled red cabbage anthocyanin label images predicted fish freshness with an overall accuracy of 92.6%. Integrating a BP neural network into a smartphone application forms a simple system for fast label scanning and real-time identification of fish freshness. The system can be used for food quality control throughout the supply chain.