The integration of science and humanities education is imperative for the advancement of science and technology in line with the current societal trends,constituting a gradual process.This integration necessitates collaborative efforts from educators and learners alike,seamlessly incorporated into the entirety of the educational journey.The foundational knowledge acquired during the high school phase under the prevailing educational system is comprehensive and pivotal,serving as a crucial underpinning for specialized studies at the university level.Effectively extracting and extending high school knowledge while fostering chemical insight in basic chemistry education pose significant challenges for educators.Consequently,the teaching paradigm of science-education integration aligns aptly and urgently needs to be applied to the transitional chemistry education at present.Drawing upon years of relevant teaching experience,this paper proposes a comprehensive teaching framework that amalgamates science and education principles with chemistry,charting a novel course for chemistry education with the aim of broadening students'horizons and guiding them deeper into the realm of chemistry.
Polymer chain structures form a crucial fundamental concept bridging polymer chemistry and polymer physics.This paper presents a systematic pedagogical approach to teaching polymer chain structures,hierarchically covering the structures of repeating units,bonding sequences,molecular weights and their distributions,and the topological architectures of chains.Such systematic introduction aims to enable students to grasp the fundamental structural elements of polymer chains and their corresponding physical significance.Consequently,it lays a solid foundation for students to better understand the intricate relationship between the chemical structures and the physical properties of polymers.
Innovative education is essential for cultivating highly skilled innovative talents.Integrating cutting-edge scientific research findings and methodologies into classroom teaching can offer students a more comprehensive,practical,and forward-looking educational experience.This experimental design encompasses the steps of constructing crystal structure models,optimizing crystal structures,calculating band structures,and catalyzing compound decomposition in computational materials science.It aims to help students grasp the fundamental principles,processes,and analytical methods of first principles calculations,connect theory with practical engineering problems,and nurture their ability to employ modern engineering tools and novel technologies to identify,analyze,and resolve intricate engineering problems.
With the development of the chemical engineering and new materials fields,the practical application skills of masters majoring in materials and chemical have grown significantly.Polymer Chemistry,a compulsory course for masters majoring in materials and chemical engineering,suffers from a lack of practical engagement,low exploratory depth,and poor student motivation.To address these issues,this reform introduces and intensifies experiment in polymer chemistry,innovates teaching methods and models,and establishes an engineering-based experimental teaching evaluation system.This reform is beneficial for improving the innovation capabilities,practical entrepreneurship and complex engineering problems-solving abilities for graduate students.
Theoretical chemistry delves into the essence of chemical reactions,and computational chemistry is widely recognized for its versatile applicability.Together,they significantly enhance interdisciplinary integration.This paper examines the use of these disciplines to foster interdisciplinary development within educational settings,particularly under the"Modernization of Chinese Education"initiative.It introduces a novel integration of cutting-edge lectures into graduate theoretical and computational chemistry course.This curriculum design seeks to dismantle cognitive barriers and break down information silos of students,fostering a comprehensive cognitive framework that connects specific points to a broader knowledge network,highlighting the integral role of theoretical and computational chemistry within the wider discipline of chemistry and other natural sciences.The paper details the top-level design and practical implementation of the"Theoretical and Computational Chemistry"course at Jilin University,showing an innovative teaching mode centered around"fundamental theory+specialized lectures+practical exercises",to achieve an educational synergy described by the formula"1+1+1>3".The study aims to provide referenceable insights and methodologies for enhancing theoretical and computational chemistry course at universities,aligning with the evolving demands of modern Chinese education.
The course of polymer physics is rich in philosophical content,and this paper highlights the use of reverse thinking to tackle complex issues.For example,viewing the aggregation process of polymer chains as the reverse of dissolution,preparing macroscopic polymer single crystal by crystallizing monomers before initiating polymerization,rather than crystallizing polymers directly,and shifting from free volume approaches to understand the glass transition in polymers are discussed.This article shares insights from teaching experiences that help students deeply understand the fundamentals of polymer condensed states and molecular motions through reverse thinking.
Composite solid propellant,serving as the propulsion source of various solid engines in missiles and space vehicles,consist of solid particles(oxidizer and metal fuel)embedded in polymer matrices(binders).This experimental teaching module addresses the challenge of"dewetting"under load in solid propellants,where adhesive and filler separation occurs,compromising interfacial interactions.Through controlled radical polymerization,a well-defined neutral macromolecular bonding agent with controlled molecular weight and composition was synthesized.Its molecular structure was characterized using hydrogen nuclear magnetic spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography system.This comprehensive experimental teaching not only deepens students'understanding of solid propellant technology,but also enhances their awareness of fundamental principles and methodologies in the field of cutting-edge polymer chemistry.Furthermore,it cultivates students'experimental operation skills,proficiency with sophisticated instrumentation,and capability in result analysis,bridging cutting-edge scientific research with the national imperative for talent development in critical technological domains.
With the continued implementation of national"Double Carbon"strategies,carbon dioxide(CO2)has emerged as a focal point of attention.However,a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of CO2 cycling and carbon emission reduction is lacking among the general public.This experiment introduces a set of carbon cycle experiments covering the properties,generation,transformation,and capture of CO2.It simulates natural and industrial carbon sequestration processes through processes like photosynthesis and chemical absorption,achieving carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality.The dynamic changes in CO2 are demonstrated through various forms such as color changes in indicators,fountains,and precipitation.Raw materials for the experiment are sourced from daily life,ensuring simplicity in operation.The experiment incorporates diverse interactive elements,enhancing its appeal and effectively conveying the chemical principles of the carbon cycle.It serves to popularize knowledge related to the"Double Carbon"strategy,fostering a deep-seated understanding of low-carbon energy-saving concepts.
This article presents a series of molecular dynamics experiments employing the SPC/E water model,which have been incorporated into the author's undergraduate computational materials science course.The SPC/E water model is renowned for its simplicity,efficiency,and accessibility,particularly for undergraduate students.These experiments encompass the validation of molecular dynamics algorithms,as well as the computation of radial distribution functions,specific heat capacity,and transport properties.These experimental components establish a direct link with the theoretical contents covered in the course,such as the fundamental principles of molecular dynamics,and the computation of material structure,thermodynamic properties,and dynamical properties.This design facilitates students'comprehension of the fundamental principles of molecular dynamics.Furthermore,these experiments utilize the same model system and open-source software LAMMPS for all simulations,thereby minimizing computational resource requirements.Consequently,the teaching of molecular dynamics experiments in the context of computational chemistry and computational materials science courses is both uncomplicated and efficient.
There are several proton transfer reactions and multiple chemical equilibria in NaHCO3 aqueous solution.As the concentration of the solution changes,the contents of H2CO3,H+,OH-and CO32-,which are related to proton transfer reactions,also change.The diagram of[H2CO3],[H+],[OH-]and[CO32-]with solution concentration c is plotted.From the diagram,we can directly observe which species are the major and which are the minor.In a high concentration,[H2CO3]≈[CO32-]＞＞[OH-]＞＞[H+],indicating that the proton reactions which can produce H+or OH-are negligible,and HCO3-+HCO3-⇌H2CO3+CO3- is the dominant.In 9.1 × 10-6 mol·L-1 solution,[OH-]≈[H2CO3]＞＞[H+]≈[CO32-],indicating that H2O+HCO3-⇌H2CO3+OH- is the dominant.In an extremely dilute solution,[OH-]≈[H+]＞＞[H2CO3]＞[CO32-],indicating that H2O⇌H++OH- dominates.
Anisaldehyde,also known as p-anisaldehyde,is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and perfume formulation.However,the drawbacks of traditional methods for synthesizing anisaldehyde make it challenging to adapt them for undergraduate laboratory teaching.This experiment presents a novel approach to preparing anisaldehyde by mild and metal-free conditions,utilizing visible light-induced oxidation of p-anisyl alcohol.This not only offers a new method for alcohol oxidation and aldehyde preparation but also expands students'knowledge in the fields of photochemistry and radical chemistry,which provides a support for cultivating new engineering talents with scientific research thinking and innovation capacity.
This paper provides a concise overview of three commonly employed methods for the determination of crystal structures from powder diffraction data, each exemplified with a specific case study. The first method is the single-crystal-like direct methods, leveraging reciprocal space information to construct the structure model. The second approach involves simulated annealing, which performs a global optimization of randomly generated models in real space to identify the structure. The third is the charge flipping method in which modifications to structure factors in reciprocal space and charge densities in real space are made, leading to the determination of the structure model through Fourier cycling switching back and forth between the two spaces. The presented examples are Ba3BPO7, MgSO4·2H2O and MgSO4·2.5H2O, respectively.
As one of the important concepts in the electrochemical part in physical chemistry,the determination of ion migration number is involved in the physical chemistry experiment course in various universities.Literature research and our past teaching practices have shown that the ion migration number measured using the Hittorf method differs significantly from the literature values.In order to reduce the measurement errors and investigate the influencing factors of the test results,this experiment made improvements in three aspects:controlling the amount of solution,the sequence of solution/electricity disconnection,and the calculation of the quantity of electricity.After minimizing the errors caused by experimental operations and concentration measurement,the factors that truly influence the measurement results of ion migration number were analyzed.The experimental results indicated that when using current multiplied by time as the data source for the quantity of electricity and calculating the ion migration number using the cathodic solution,the obtained results were closer to the reference value.
The Diels-Alder reaction between anthracene and maleic anhydride is a classic experiment commonly performed in introductory organic chemistry courses.This article recommends a computational chemistry experiment for the Diels-Alder reaction between anthracene and maleic anhydride,utilizing density functional methods in the Gaussian 16 program to investigate the reaction mechanism.The aim of this experiment is to stimulate students'interest in organic chemistry and computational chemistry,deepen their understanding of the chemical discipline,and enhance their ability to apply knowledge in scientific research.
Chemistry is no longer a pure experimental science. Theoretical calculations and chemical experiments can be used to study the properties of compounds and chemical reactions from different perspectives. Now, calculation is an important branch of chemical research. In this manuscript, through a specific calculation study on the mechanism of CO2 functionalization reduction reaction of aniline, the basic methods and processes of quantum calculation are introduced and some reaction details that are easily overlooked or cannot be discovered during the experimental process are discovered by analyzing the calculation results.
General Chemistry,a foundational course for engineering students in Sino-foreign cooperative education programs,incorporates classic international textbooks to enhance its teaching quality.This approach,however,encounters challenges such as the influence of foreign culture and a potential erosion of cultural self-confidence during the teaching process.To counter this,the course emphasizes ideological and political education to deepen students'appreciation and understanding of their own culture.This paper details how the ideological and political development of the General Chemistry course is grounded in the principle of culture confidence.It actively integrates Chinese ideological and political elements while thoughtfully combining them with international perspectives throughout the teaching process.This integration not only enriches the course's content,but also fosters an effective ideological and political education environment,leading to significant educational outcomes.
Photochemical synthesis technology has gained attention in the field of synthetic chemistry due to its mild reaction conditions,simple equipment,and utilization of light energy.However,photochemical synthesis experiments are rarely incorporated into undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory courses.Fluorine-containing nitrogen heterocycles are widely present in natural products and bioactive molecules,serving as important intermediates in organic synthesis.Based on our team's recent research achievements,a comprehensive experiment for the photochemical synthesis of difluoropyrroles has been designed.This experiment encompasses the preparation of substrates and products,structural characterization,and analysis of photochemical synthesis.It aims to enhance students'skills in organic synthesis and structural analysis,while also sparking their interest in organic chemistry experiments.Furthermore,it plays a significant role in cultivating students'innovative consciousness and promoting the concept of"green synthesis"by incorporating scientific research outcomes into organic chemistry laboratory teaching.
