Being immersed in the solution of 12-hydroxy stearic acid,the super-hydrophobic coating is fabricated on the surface of zinc substrate on which surface oxidized layer is removed by etching with hydrofluoric acid.The surface morphologies,compositions and wettability are investigated with field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and contact angle test.The results show that the surface morphologies and wettability can be controlled by drying temperature and time.The flower-like hierarchical micro-nanostructures comprised of nanotubes are generated on zirc substrate at 50 ℃ and 24 h,and with an utmost contact angle(CAs)of 159.2°.

A kind of highly oil-absorbing resin is successfully prepared by an emulsion polymerization procedure using lauryl methacrylate as a monomer,N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent,OP-10 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as composite emulsifier.Surface morphology,thermal stability and chemical composition of the prepared resin are characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermal gravity analysis(TG) and infrared spectroscopy(IR),respectively.Experimental conditions influencing oil-absorbing power of the resin and oil-absorption dynamic are discussed.The maximum oil absorption rates of the high oil-absorption resin with good thermal resistance reach 43.6 and 37.1 g·g-1 for diesel oil and kerosene,and holding oil efficiency exceeds 95%.

Nanometer CuO petal-like film on copper sheet substrate was prepared through a simple controlled oxidation process.Then,the nanometer CuO film was modified by some low surface energy materials including 12-hydroxystearic acid,stearic acid,dodecyl mercaptan and linear low-density polyethylene,respectively.Some superhydrophobic composite films with static water contact angles of more than 150°,and roll angles of less than 5° were obtained.Among them,dodecyl mercaptan modification induced stronger superhydrophobicity than other low surface energy materials in short time(1 h) and its contact angle reached 165°.The formation mechanism of nanometer CuO was also discussed through crystal phase analysis.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),contact angle measurements,surface-reflection IR spectra and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were respectively employed to characterize the structures of the composite film.The results showed that the superhydrophobic composite films with different morphologies were successfully prepared.

当前国内固态法食醋酿造行业,为了降低生产成本,简化酿造工艺,许多厂家省去了麸曲生产工艺和酵母的扩大培养,完全采用糖化酶和酒精活性干酵母.因此,采用该工艺酿造的固态法食醋与固态麸曲工艺相比,风味明显差,特别是口感不柔和,酯香味欠佳.为了提高该工艺的风味,不少的厂家在酿造过程中又重新添加部分麸曲,结果风味有所提高,但成本又明显提高.为了解决目前糖化酶加活性干酵母的固态法食醋风味欠佳的问题,我们有针对性地研制了一种新型的酶制剂.该酶制剂富含纤维素酶、酸性蛋白酶、淀粉酶、果胶酶、木聚糖酶、植酸酶和酯化酶等多种酶系.经大生产试验添加量为0.5%、1%和1.5%,与不加的对照组相比,产品的风味明显提高,出品率分别提高0.98%、3.76%、9.26%,经济效益显著.