库车褶皱冲断带是一个典型的复杂含盐褶皱冲断系统.文章基于地震资料构造解析,采用离散元数值模拟方法,设计了2组数值模拟实验来探究先存被动盐底辟对含盐的双滑脱层褶皱冲断带构造形态及演化的影响,从而分析克深 5 构造区沿走向分段差异的盐构造变形特征和机制,并对盐下断层活动进行精细的定量分析.模拟结果表明先存被动盐底辟作为挤压构造变形优先发育的位置,是应力释放的优先区域,影响了盐上断层顺序和盐下断层的活动性,进而控制了构造沿走向的差异演化.通过将模拟结果与库车坳陷克深5构造区构造特征进行对比分析,吐孜玛扎背斜是盐盆地内部先存被动底辟受后期挤压变形的产物.吐孜玛扎背斜吸收大部分的缩短量,造成紧邻的盐下断片显著抬升,盐上受同构造沉积影响在背斜北侧形成一个宽缓的向斜,抑制了向斜内乱序断层的形成.先存被动盐底辟构造是控制克深 5 区域构造变形的主要控制因素之一.研究区东段不含先存被动盐底辟,依次发育有库木格列木背斜和喀桑托开背斜,背斜变形幅度向盆地方向减小,盐下断裂活动强度向盆地方向减弱,研究区西段含先存被动盐底辟,发育吐孜玛扎背斜,先存被动盐底辟的盐下断裂活动强度强于毗邻的断层.

油田正常生产过程中,加热炉是十分重要的设备之一,能耗消耗较大.对于加热炉的节能监测越来越受到重视.节能监测中关于加热炉炉效的计算需要用到天然气的组分和热值的检测数据作为基础数据,检测结果直接影响节能监测的结论以及后续的节能措施.通过分析天然气的热值和组分对于加热炉热效率的影响以及天然气的检验方法,重点从模版标定和取样两方面说明了控制天然气检验准确性的对策措施.并通过实验数据说明了措施的重要性,为加热炉节能监测提供准确的基础数据.

In order to analyze the application of fiber optic sensor in petroleum logging,this paper analyzes the application principle of fiber optic sensor in petroleum logging,from the perspectives of flow measurement,fluid moisture content and density measurement. Based on this,according to the current situation of petroleum logging,the paper puts forward the application strategy of optical fiber sensor in water cut measurement,gas holding measurement and other links,in order to provide reference for improving the application level of optical fiber sensor in petroleum logging.

碱/表面活性剂/聚合物三元复合驱采出液乳化稳定程度高,影响原油电脱水系统的平稳运行和脱水分离效果.针对这一问题,以聚合氯化铝(PAC)作为电中和调节剂,利用电中和方法治理脱水电场的失稳.实验结果表明,以PAC作为三元复合驱采出液处理调节剂,可降低体系电负性、减小脱水峰值电流、缩短脱水峰值电流持续时间、提高电场的响应性能和采出液脱水率.加入PAC后,采出液脱水率从PAC加入前的95％以下增至平均97.5％以上,且以PAC加量为180～240 mg/L时的电场脱水响应与作用机制发挥最为显著,脱水电流小、维持时间短且变化平稳,脱水后原油含水率控制在0.30％以内、60℃下的污水含油量控制在100 mg/L以内.随着脱水温度的升高,治理效果进一步提升.PAC充分发挥电中和作用机制和静电吸附作用机制,降低体系电负性、削弱油水界面膜强度、提高电场脱水性能,可用于改善弱碱三元复合驱采出液脱水电场失稳的问题.

针对苏里格X区块盒8段致密气藏存在的气水关系复杂、无统一的气水界面、气水分布规律认识不清等问题,应用地质、测井、测试及生产动态等多种资料综合分析该区致密气藏地层水赋存状态及主控因素,将地层水划分为束缚水、毛细管水和可动水3种类型,确认盒8段致密气藏地层水主要受烃源岩生烃强度、储集层非均质性及局部微构造等多种因素控制,其中:烃源岩生烃强度控制区块气水分布的宏观格局,储集层非均质性决定区块局邵的气水分布,局部微构造控制同一连通砂体内可动水的垂向运移.该研究为苏里格X区块致密气藏气水分布规律分析提供了可靠依据,并为该区块下步勘探开发选区、选井工作提供了指南.

由于VSP采用地面激发、井中接收的特别观测方式,接收系统避开了地面干扰和近地表吸收、衰减的影响,并且更加靠近地质目标观测,可以得到频率、振幅保持良好的高信噪比资料,可为井旁高陡构造、小断层、薄砂体的研究提供数据基础.从VSP模型正演出发,首先基于正、反演数据讨论剖面中的断层识别方法,给出了利用零井源距VSP、非零井源距VSP、Walkaway VSP、Walkaround VSP和3D VSP数据中的断层参数计算方法,进而确定断层的过井深度、倾角、走向和断距等参数.实例分析结果表明,在复杂地质条件下利用文中方法可以识别通过地面地震构造解释、录井解释难以识别的断层,为断层刻画提供了一种重要的手段.

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,在建立力学模型的基础上,以井点现今地应力值为约束,进行了克深三维区现今地应力场的数值模拟,建立了地应力与储层构造裂缝参数的定量关系模型,并结合古今应力场对储层构造裂缝参数进行了定量预测.数值模拟结果表明:构造高部位、断层带是地应力的低值区和裂缝的发育区;随深度增加,现今地应力值逐渐增大,而储层裂缝发育程度逐渐降低;现今地应力场和储层裂缝参数的数值模拟结果与测井解释结果基本吻合,能够反映现今地应力场及储层裂缝分布规律.

Rock mechanical parameters of single wells in the Keshen foreland thrust belt of Tarim Basin were analyzed by unixial compression,triaxial compression tests and logging data calculations,and single well profiles of static rock mechanical parameters were confirmed by uniaxial-triaxial and dynamic-static corrections. Analyses on the spatial contribution of rock mechanical parameters using Gaussian interpolation were carried out,and the relationship between rock mechanical parameters and strata depth was analyzed. The results show that rock mechanical parameters are mainly related to lithofacies,and are correlated to some extent with the reservoir physical property: for instance,areas with high modulus of elasticity,cohesion,compressive strength and low Poisson's ratio have better reservoir physical property. With increasing strata depth,modulus of elasticity,cohesion and compressive strength increase,while Poisson's ratio decreases gradually. Rock mechanical parameters in different geological elements can be estimated effectively using the relationship derived in this study combining with the experiential percentage of rock mechanical parameters in fault belts,which can facilitate subsequent numerical simulations of crustal stress field and reservoir fracture.

基于地表露头调查、地震资料解释、钻井及与盐相关的构造样式分析,对库车坳陷中部构造变形特征进行研究。结果表明:库车坳陷中部具有南北分带、东西分段、垂向分层的变形特征。以库姆格列木群膏盐岩为界可以分为盐上构造层、盐构造层、盐下构造层及基底构造层4层结构。该区域主要发育收缩构造样式及盐构造样式,盐上构造层、盐构造层及盐下构造层的构造样式及分布具有明显差异。盐上层主要发育逆冲断层及褶皱,盐岩层则以盐流动构造样式为主,盐下层则发育逆冲叠瓦断层等大规模推覆构造。研究区具有明显的分段变形特征,可划分为博孜—却勒构造段、大北—西秋构造段、克深—西秋构造段、克拉3—东秋构造段,其差异性主要表现为地表线性褶皱带分布、盐构造样式、盐下构造变形的差异。区域构造演化剖面研究表明库车坳陷主要经历了中生代伸展坳陷盆地（三叠纪—白垩纪）、新生代早期"挠曲"盆地（古近纪—中新世）及新生代晚期前陆盆地（上新世—第四纪）的演化过程。现今构造主要形成于库车组沉积的中晚期。

The Tuziawat Block is located at the western part of Kelasu thrust zone in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, where several structural zones are intersected and divided into Awat and Boz segments. Broad synclines are developed above the salt layers. The presalt structure can be divided into piedmont monocline zone, faulted fold zone and front uplifted zone. The Awat thrust fault occurs at the front of the block, slip faults are developed at the western margin, Bozidun and Wensu salt dunes and the Kalayuergun slip fault are developed at the southeastern margin. Physical modeling reveals the pre-salt deformation mechanism of the Tuziawat block. Both the Awat and Boz segments are the results of compressional deformation of salt basins. The former has a compressional length of 21 km and a compressional rate of 52. 5%, while the later 28 km and 25. 5% respectively. The deformation mechanisms of the two slip faults on both sides of the Tuziawat salt basin are also identified. The development of salt diapire initiated in the Paleo-gene Suwey stage, earlier than the major structural deformation in the Neogene Kangcun - Kuqa stages. These understandings are of great significance to the exploration in the study area.

气田多层合采纵向上的动用不均衡是由于层间干扰引起的,产生层间干扰的根本原因是压力的不均衡,引起压力的不均衡主要是储层本身性质的非均质,加之多层合采时射孔层数、射孔厚度、射孔井段等的设计欠合理,加剧了层间干扰的影响.利用统计函数定义层间干扰系数,结合砂层剖面测试数据和砂层的测井解释数据分析,是一种简单可行的评价层间干扰的方法.利用层间干扰系数和砂层剖面测试的产量,可以对气田多层合采的合理层数、射孔厚度、射孔井段长度以及不同渗透率砂层的组合进行优化.

<正>如何解决农民工使用和管理中存在的问题,更好地适应农民工现实和未来的需求,更加尊重农民工的地位和价值,是我们建安施工企业必须面对和妥善解决的难题。这些年来,就农民工的

This article summarized some advances in petroleum sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology from an angle of oil/gas exploration in foreland basins.It introduced new theories of petroleum geology and expounded on prospects of oil/gas exploration in the foreland basins all over the world.It elaborated on the distribution of global foreland basins and fault belts and their dynamic mechanism,as well as features of drainage system development in foreland basins.It also discussed the functions of fractured reservoirs(taking the Zagros basin as an example),syntectonic depositional wedge(taking the Ebro basin in Spain as an example),system tracts and sedimentary sandbodies(taking Spitsbergen foreland basin in Europe as an example),and petroleum systems (taking the Andes foreland basin in South America as an example).Finally,it pointed out that cases from South America and Middle-east foreland basins have important significance in guiding oil and gas exploration in central and western China,while the case from western Canadian foreland basin can be used as reference for assessment of unconventional resources in China.China is abundant in unconventional oil and gas resources,such as heavy oil,tight sandstone oil and gas,shale gas,coal-bed methane,nature gas hydrate and etc.Tight oil and gas are mostly distributed in sedimentary facies belts of deep water lacustrine foredeeps in some foreland ba- sins.Heavy oil and oil sands are distributed in orogenic belts and frontal uplift of certain foreland basins.Coalbed methane is related to pinch out belts of coal-beds with a physical and/or lithological boundary.Shale gas exploration in China shall focus on sedimentary environmental analysis of source rocks,such as black shale with rich organic matter and carbonated shale.A case from Erdos Basin shows that basin and mountain coupling systems, sequence stratigraphy,basin floor topography restoration and sedimentary model of sandbodies may help us to better understand petroleum geology.It is suggested that attention shall be paid to the study of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of foreland basins so as to achieve breakthrough in oil and gas(especially uncon-ventional resources) exploration in China.

The Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin is one of the major fields providing gas sources for the West-to-East gas pipeline.Along with the deep exploration of oil and gas in this depression,significant progress has been made in the geological study.First,the re-division of the structural units in the central Kuqa Depression is recognized to be quite necessary.Then,a comprehensive analysis is performed on tectonic evolution,fault distribution in the pre-salt structural layer,salt-related structural styles and patterns of hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on the overthrust tectonic theory,the central Kuqa Depression is re-divided into 3 secondary structural units,including Kelasu thrust belt,Qiulitage thrust belt,and Baicheng sag.The Kelasu thrust belt is a piedmont thrust fold belt,where folds and fault block structures controlled by a series of imbricated thrusts occur in the pre-salt structural layer.It is the major gas play in the study area where KL2 and KL3 discoveries are made.The Qiulitage structural belt is located at the front of the thrust fold belt where thrusting faults and folds under the control of basement faults and local uplifts occur.Condensate gas reservoirs are predominant in this area.It is poorly explored with sparse exploratory wells,thus is a potential gas play.This new scheme for the re-division of structural units is of great significance to future gas exploration in the study area.

通过对石化建筑安装企业安全生产特点及安全生产管理中存在的问题进行分析,探索预防对策和措施,对减少事故的发生,促进石化建筑安装企业的健康发展,具有一定的指导意义。

The use and development of seismic interpretation(especially the 3D seismic interpretation) technology have promoted the occurrence and use of the seismic attributes.This situation has made the analysis of seismic attribute for a conventional technique that is important for the modern exploration and development of oil resource.It is already about 40 years to the research of seismic attribute.So far,a lot of seismic attributes were brought forward,which have various meanings but it is difficult to classify them with an only criterion.The manners of seismic attribute classifications were summarized and some examples of use were presented.

Kuqa depression is a main oil-gas prospect in Tarim Basin.Because of the effect of attitude and interval velocity structure of the overlying formation,the attitude and high of the subsalt structures are distorted on seismic time sections,some of them are quite different from the real subsurface geology.According to the dynamic characteristics of seismic wave,two kinds of subsalt structural distortion can be identified:diffraction-related and refection-related.With forward modeling,the author investigated the 2 key factors:overlying attitude and interval velocity structure,that affect the degree of distortion of subsalt structure.Salt structures were classified into 4 in Kuqa depression.2 concepts were defined.They are horizontal reference line(Lsh)and average velocity trend line(Vav)of the subsalt structure.By studying the shape and trend of Vav and Lsh,the distortions of subsalt structures on seismic time section can be identified.Then by combining prestack depth migration and time-distance conversion,real attitude were restored.

通过PDSOFT3Dpiping设计软件在公司独山子项目工艺配管二次设计中的应用,在施工前期报材料计划、统计焊接工作量等方面提高了效率,在规范交工资料方面也得到了极大提高,同时为工艺管线施工管理提供了有力的技术支持。

The salt layer thickness of Kuche depression varied dramatically because of the strong tectonic extrusion,and the distribution of salt layer and salt-related structure have some pattern. Based on the style of pre-salt structure,we studied the salt layer and pre-salt structure of middle Kuche depression,and divided the salt-related structures of Kuche depression into three types and five structural styles. We elaborated the block and belt characteristics of different types of salt-related structures,studied the formation mechanism of salt-related structures in middle Kuche depression,and found that the key control factor of the salt-related structures is tectonic extrusion and differential load.

Though the petroleum geological conditions are excellent in mid Kuqa,exploration in the area is slow due to poor quality of seismic data.The difficulty in exploration lies in high mountains,complex landform,and complicated near surface conditions.To tackle these problems,continuing seismic data acquisition technology research was carried out.A suite of techniques has been developed.The key techniques to successful data acquisition are broadened line plus large geophone array,and allied techniques include selection of point and line position by high resolution remote sensing.The signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data acquired by the proposed methods is improved significantly,which provides solid foundations for ascertaining drilling targets.