Для создания стратегий сохранения редких и исчезающих растений важно изучить внутривидовое генетическое разнообразие каждого конкретного вида. Для выполнения этих задач необходимы эффективные маркерные системы. В данном исследовании оценивалась эффективность 36 SCoT-маркеров для характеристики внутривидового генетического разнообразия Cyclamen сoum Mill., Helleborus caucasicusA. Brown, Galanthus woronowii Losinsk., Paeonia caucasica Schipcz., собранных из разных мест произрастания Сочинского национального парка. Отдельные маркеры, такие как SCoT16 (58,2 %), SCoT6 (50,3 %), SCoT7 (49,6 %), SCoT8 (48,1 %), SCoT30 (42,8 %), SCoT29 (41,1 %) и SCoT20 (39,3 %), показали высокий уровень полиморфизма, что свидетельствует о хорошей применимости этих маркеров для оценки внутривидового генетического разнообразия исследуемых видов природной флоры Западного Кавказа. Кроме того, результаты исследования важны для реализации мер по сохранению данных видов и борьбы с генетической эрозией.

The characterization of genetic diversity is one of the main components of the genetic resources collection and management. Molecular markers are the most effective tool for characterizing and assessing genetic diversity in plant collections. IRAP (inter-retrotransposons amplified polymorphism) markers have proven to be some of the most effective for characterizing and evaluating germplasm, confirming the genetic fidelity of in vitro preserved cultivars and species. In this regard, the aim of this work is to test several IRAP primers to identify genetic polymorphism and study the genetic fidelity of three rare and endemic flora species of the Western Caucasus during in vitro conservation. Approbation of 16 IRAP-primers on the investigated species was carried out for Eryngium maritimum L., Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Campanula sclerophylla Kolak. The results made it possible to select the most efficient of them for genetic fidelity analysis of micropropagated plants. Out of 16 IRAP primers 8 amplified PCR products in Eryngium maritimum. In Galanthus woronowii as well 8 of 16 IRAP primers resulted in the amplification with the number of DNA fragments ranging from 2 to 12. In Campanula sclerophylla 9 of 16 IRAP primers amplified 1 to 11 fragments, depending on the marker. The results of the genotyping of regenerants were compared with data on stock in situ plants, which were the source of explants for in vitro conservation. In total, 60 regenerants for each species of the natural flora of the Western Caucasus were involved in the study. The results obtained demonstrated no genetic changes of the regenerants in all the studied species. These results were confirmed using ISSR analysis of an extended sample set of microplants for each species. The results obtained can serve as evidence of a low probability of genetic disorders during in vitro propagation and conservation of the species Eryngium maritimum L., Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Campanula sclerophylla Kolak.

механизмам устойчивости растений чая к засухе.Целью настоящего обзора стало обобщение международного опыта фенотипирования и генотипирования чайного растения по признаку устойчивости к стресс-фактору для составления целостной картины реакции растения на осмотический стресс и понимания воспроизводимости механизмов ответа в разных климатических зонах.Основную сигнальную роль в этих процессах играют абсцизовая, жасмоновая и салициловая кислоты, а также этилен (S.C. Liu с соавт., 2016), метаболический путь которых включает каскады физиологических реакций и генов ответа (T

Цель. Провести сравнительный анализ влияния “липофильного” аторвастатина и “гидрофильного” розувастатина на показатели клеточного иммунитета у пациентов с атеросклерозом. Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 35 пациентов в возрасте 62 [57;68] лет, 18 мужчин и 17 женщин, направленных на обследование в ИКК им. А. Л. Мясникова с предварительным диагнозом ишемическая болезнь серд ца, атеросклероз коронарных и сонных артерий, и имеющих показания к интенсификации терапии статинами. У 17 пациентов доза аторвастатина была увеличена с 20 мг до 80 мг, у 18 пациентов — доза розувастатина с 10 мг до 40 мг. Всем пациентам исходно и через один месяц методами прямой иммунофлуоресценции и проточной цитофлуориметрии проводилось определение содержания в периферической крови популяций лимфоцитов, включая регуляторные и эффекторные субпопуляции, и основных фракций моноцитов. В условиях клеточной культуры изучено влияние аторвастатина и розувастатина на пролиферацию CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов и липополисахарид-индуцированный синтез цитокинов моноцитами, выделенных из крови доноров. Результаты. На фоне приема аторвастатина отмечено увеличение относительного содержания циркулирующих регуляторных Т-лимфоцитов (Treg), увеличение соотношения Treg/Т-хелперы 17 (Th17) и уменьшение соотношения активированные CD4+Т-клетки/Treg. Терапия розувастатином не сопровождалась изменениями показателей клеточного иммунитета. Статины не вли яли на субпопуляционный состав моноцитов крови. Обнаружено дозозависимое ингибирование статинами пролиферации CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов; действие аторвастатина проявлялось при концентрации 10 нмоль/л, розувастатина — в 10 раз выше. Введение статинов, 10-100 нмоль/л, в культуру моноцитов не влияло ни на спонтанную, ни на индуцированную эндотоксином секрецию цитокинов. Заключение. В терапевтических дозах аторвастатин обладает иммуномодулирующей активностью, проявляющейся в увеличении относительного содержания регуляторных субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов крови, что может быть обусловлено подавлением пролиферации эффекторных клеток. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;23(8):59–64 http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-8-59-64

Water regime of different Weigelaxwagneri cultivars was studied by such physiological parameters as water stress, dry matter content and concentration of cell sap in the leaves. There were established some differences in these parameters between the studied cultivars. A general pattern for the culture is noted; thus, with the increase of stress factors (air temperature, decrease of soil moisture ), water scarcity and cell sap concentration started to increase, at the same time there was a decrease of synthesis of plastic substances.

Plants cultivated in humid subtropics of Russia are mostly exotic species. One of them, Hydrangea macrophylla Ser., can grow in city parks and gardens, as well as in the forest of Sochi suburb as a component of adventive flora, thus, the H. macrophylla habitat conditions differ significantly. To estimate the genetic resources, implement breeding programs and optimize plant cultivation, an adaptability and intraspecial variability of plants must be evaluated. In our observation in Sochi region during 2006-2008 carried out on the Black Sea coast (in the garden-museum «Tree of Friendship» and in Kuban Subtropical Botanic Garden) and in the mountain area (Krasnaya Polyana and Solokh-Aul settlements), a phenotypic variability of morphological traits was analyzed in naturalized and cultivated H. macrophylla plants (Madame Faustin Travouillon and Madame Faustin Travouillon cultivars), and an influence of the external conditions to the range of variations was investigated. It was shown that genotype considerably influenced the plant height (63.5 %), leaf length (82.0 %), inflorescence diameter (19.3 %) and bract length (84.1 %). Climatic factors of the year also affected leaf width in both cultivars (22.5 %). With increase in height above sea level (400-600 m in settlements Krasnaya Polyana and Solokh-Aul) most of the morphometric parameters increased. Maximum changes were observed in inflorescence diameter and bract length (30.1-55.4 % in Madame Faustin Travouillon and 26.5-71.5 % in Madame Maurice Hamard), indicating optimization of a complex of abiotic and edaphic factors at this high-rise level. The lowest variability (5.5-12.3 %) was indicated in shoot length both in cultivated and naturalized plants. In general, naturalized and cultivated plants differed considerably. The bract length and inflorescence diameter were the most variable, at 37.5-80.1 % and 17.9-31.2 %, respectively, when compared in H. macrophylla from city biocoenoses and settlements of Krasnaya Polyana and Solokh-Aul being higher in naturalized plants. Leaf length variation in cultivated plants ranged from 15.8 to 20.7 % being at 34.9 % in plants grown in Solokh-Aul. Thus, the range of variability on most of the tested morphological traits was wider in the naturalized plants if compared to the cultivated plants with slightly changed parameters. Therefore, the plants growing in city biocoenosis are more leveled on an individual development.

To obtain good planting material in floriculture and horticulture, the effective procedures are required for testing and sanitation. Micropropagation is also commonly known as an approach to intensifying plant breeding due to accelerated reproduction of valuable forms and as a way to save biodiversity of rare species. Nevertheless, for many flowering plants, and subtropical fruit crops and endemic species especially, the reliable protocols for in vitro cultivation, regeneration and propagation are not yet reported. This paper presents the results of a revised protocol application and the improvement of clonal micropropagation methods for tea Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, lemon Citrus limon (L.) Burm, blossoming shrub Camellia japonica L., and Lilium caucasicum Miscz. ex Grossh., an endangered endemic species in the Western Caucasus. Some peculiarities in obtaining sterile culture are revealed, and the types of explants and seasonal terms of their introduction to in vitro culture are identified. Nutrient mediums and conditions for clonal micropropagation are optimized. Thus, cultivation of tea explants on WPM supplemented with phytohormones (i.e. 6-BAP at 3.0 mg/l and adenine at 0.9 mg/l) facilitated the induction of numerous adventitious microshoots. Aactive growth of C. japonica microshoots was also observed on the WPM medium with 6-BAP at 2 mg/l and indole-3-acetiс acid at 0.5 mg/l. In lemon cultivars, microengrafting is approved as a reliable propagation method. It was revealed that after the third cycle of microengrafting the multiplication index for microstalstalks was 2 times higher comparing to that for microshoots from auxiliary buds of donor plants, and made up 4.6 pc. per shoot. The results of in vitro cultivation of the various parts of Lilium caucasicum bulb scales showed that the induction of morphogenesis was not the same. After 48 days in vitro cultivation under sterile conditions, from the basal and medial scale parts the adventitious shoots were mainly developing, whereas callusand rhizogenesis occurred rarely, while in the apical scale parts the callus formation dominated. In special publications there are no data on L. caucasicum cell and tissue in vitro cultivation. So, the protocol for in vitro cultivation and propagation of this endangered endemic species of the Western Caucasus is reported here for the first time.

A problem of assessing the sustainability in crops, for which the humid subtropical zone of Russia is quite favorable, has a great value since there are a lot of stress factors (for example droughts, high or low temperatures, fogs etc.) due to climatic features of the region. For the first time we have carried out a 20-year comprehensive study of physiological and biochemical responses of plants, their organs, tissues and systems to the effect of abiotic stressors with the aim to identify some specific adaptation mechanisms of subtropical, southern fruit and ornamental crops as well as tea to the environment. This paper reports the peculiarities in water regime and photosynthetic apparatus (basic physiological functions), activity of catalase enzyme and carotenoid content (protective components in plants' oxidant-antioxidant system). As a result, there were selected some physiological and biochemical parameters (quantity of water scarcity, concentration of cell sap, catalase activity, carotenoids content, etc.), which allowed to estimate the crop state and resistance to abiotic stressors in Corylus pontica C. Koch, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Actinidia deliciosa Chevalier, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, beautifully-blossoming shrubs Hydrangea macrophylla Ser., Weigela ½ wagneri L.H. Bailey, etc. The regularities in changing physiological parameters as a response to the impact of adverse conditions are identified; the criteria, scales and methodology are proposed for assessing adaptive capacity of the studied cultures. Specific features of the dynamics of photosynthetic pigments accumulation for all the cultures are studied; the dependence of this process on the main regional factors was revealed; the parameters of water regime and drought resistance coefficients are determined; the influence of hydrothermal factors on enzyme activity is identified, as well as correlation between enzyme activity and abiotic environmental factors; the effect of microelements on increase of plants adaptive properties (for example, tea) was determined. As a result, there were developed some recommendations on micronutrients foliar feeding for young tea plantations and mature tea plants, as well as on the diagnostics of plants micronutrient requirements, on the application of sustainability indicators of tea plants to stress factors, and on evaluation of H. macrophylla Ser. drought resistance. The most adaptive cultivars of subtropical, southern fruit, ornamental crops and tea are identified and recommended for growing. They are characterized by increased resistance to stress factors in humid subtropics of Russia (for kiwi Monty cultivar, for filbert President cultivar originated by All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops; for peach Donetskii zheltii, Medin Red, Earley Red, Earley Blow, Larisa, Slavutich and Redhaven; for H. macrophylla Mariesii Perfecta, Draps Wonder и Madame Maurice Hamard. The data obtained relate to the fundamental physiological bases of adaptation to stress conditions, and in particular to plant adaptive features in specific conditions of Russian subtropics.

The study was aimed on approbation of 11 ISSR DNA-markers for their using in DNA fingerprinting of rare plant species of the Western Caucasus Lilium Caucasicum Miscz. Ex Grossh., Galanthus woronowii Kolak., Pancratium maritimum L. according to results dna-markers set was selected for further using in the investigation of genetic diversity of the mentioned plant species

It is shown that under in vitro conditions, regenerated plants of Lilium caucasicum cultivated in the light of varying intensity and spectral composition didn’t have the same biometric parameters (length and width of leaves) or number of micro bulbs. There were established some specific effects of the two main areas of photosynthetically active radiation blue and red on the growth and development of the plants as well as on the content of photosynthetic pigments.

There were developed some methods of sterilization and introduction of the following endangered species of Caucasian flora to in vitro culture: Campanula sclerophylla Kolak., Lilium caucasicum Miscz. ex Grossh., Daphne woronowii Kolak., Pancratium maritimum L.. The effect of different plant hormones as well as their combinations and concentrations on the regeneration, growth and development of plants is studied. As a result of clonal propagation, more than 100 plants of Campanula sclerophylla Kolak, about 30 plants of Pancratium maritimum L., and 150 samples of Lilium caucasicum Miscz. Ex Grossh are saved in tissue culture