В монографии рассматривается круг актуальных вопросов, стоящих перед современными исследователями в обозначенных областях, предлагается новое видение ряда концептов.Издание может быть полезно научным работникам, специалистампрактикам

В статье приводится анализ региональных особенностей климатической динамики ландшафтов Республики Дагестан. Материалом исследования явились климатические показатели опорных метеостанций. Использованы методы осреднения, интерполяции и экстраполяции климатических показателей. Антропогенная деятельность привела к «затушевыванию» климатических показателей, что привела к необходимости проведения детальных климатических исследований ландшафтов республики.

СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯМонография г

Статья посвящена комплексному анализу туристско-рекреационного потенциала глубочайшего в России и Европе Главного Сулакского каньона и его окрестностей с многочисленными локациями природного и культурно-исторического наследия для проектирования нового туристского маршрута. Разработка, проектирование, ввод в действие и сертификация под грифом «Рекомендовано РГО» маршрута «Большая Сулакская тропа» может стать частью программы формирования перспективной системы гостеприимства в регионе.

Aim . The article discusses the current state of medical tourism, problems and prospects in order to assess the obstacles and limitations in creating tourist health villages in the Iranian province of Yazd. Materials and Methods . The data were obtained using the analytical and documentary method with a focus on content analysis and by interviewing and questionnaires of key experts of the region: this allowed the identifation and development indices for the development of medical tourism in the development of health villages. Results . During the first stage, data analysis was performed using the MAXQDA-11 program. In the second stage, the data obtained were studied in order to assess the state of these indices using the SOWAT model. Priorities were then set and the specific weight of obstacles and restrictions was calculated using complex criteria. Conclusions . Poor transportation provision for medical tourists due to the limited number of domestic and international flights, unavailability of treatment and followup after discharge, ineffective insurance legislation and lack of appropriate new legislation were identified as the main obstacles to the development of medical tourism. Accordingly, long-term and short-term strategies should be developed and implemented in accordance with these issues. On the other hand, taking into account the restrictions and obstacles noted, we have proposed locations suitable for building health villages at a minimum distance from Yazd. These are indicated on a map created using the Arc GIS program. During project implementation, strategic objectives were developed.

Aim. The article deals with the possibility of using spectral (vegetation) indexes for mapping landscapes of the Greater Caucasus, improving the accuracy of the peaking of natural territorial complexes (PTC). Methods. Because of the contact of the most well-known vegetation index NDVI, normalized different vegetation index with such an important landscape-geophysical indication of natural territorial complexes, as the reserves of phytomass, it is analyzed its distribution in various landscapes of the studying area. It is also necessary along with NDVI the analysis of the spatial distribution of such indexes as TDVI and SAVI to highlight and clarify the boundaries of natural territorial complexes for the highest classification levels (types and subtypes of landscapes). The first allows mapping more precisely a natural territorial complex with woody vegetation, and the second one with meadow. It is necessary to compare the spatial distribution of the index data with a digital terrain model to highlight natural territorial complexes with the lower classification. Results. The spectral (vegetation) indexes, calculated on the basis of remote sensing data allow highlighting the main types of vegetation more accurate in comparison with the traditional methods based on field mapping. Field landscape mapping allows distinguishing the types of vegetation more accurately, whereas vegetation indexes allow distinguishing accurately such properties of vegetation, as density of the forest stand, etc. A combination of these methods increases the accuracy of landscape mapping. Conclusions. Spectral indexes are quite informative for the differentiation of vegetation while distinguishing landscapes. The most universal index is the NDVI, which allows distinguishing different physiognomic types of the vegetation. To clarify the boundaries in the case of the predominance of grassland vegetation, good results are obtained by using the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). To clarify the woody vegetation, especially forests with high and dense forest stand, the best results are obtained by using the transformed difference vegetation index (TDVI). These indexes allow highlighting the natural territorial complexes quite accurately of the highest classification grades: types and subtypes of landscapes. Regarding selection based on these PTC lower ranks for these purposes must cater locations resulting relief. Regarding the highlighting it on the basis of natural territorial complexes in the lowest grades for these purposes it is necessary to consider the features of the location driven by the relief.

ABSTRACT. Goal. It is regarded the possibility of new Special Protection National Territory creation in the Eastern Caucasus. Methods. It is used expedition field methods for natural systems research. Results.There are rationale for the creation of natural Park for the preservation of biological and landscape diversity and socio-economic development of the region. It is identified the role of the proposed natural Park in the system of regional environmental management. Data are given about rare and endangered species of plants and animals, the decline rate of current glaciation. Conclusion. There is an optimization need for the network of special protection national territory to conserve the unique ice landscapes of “Bogossky range”.

В статье выявлены тренды изменения климатических условий и оценены изменчивость гидротермических условий в полупустынных ландшафтах Северо- Западного Прикаспия, вклад различных состояний и их групп во временнýю структуру полупустынных ландшафтов, охарактеризована сезонная и разногодичная динамика ландшафтов.

Aim. The article deals with the possibility of using spectral (vegetation) indexes for mapping landscapes of the Greater Caucasus, improving the accuracy of the peaking of natural territorial complexes (PTC). Methods. Because of the contact of the most well-known vegetation index NDVI, normalized different vegetation index with such an important landscape-geophysical indication of natural territorial complexes, as the reserves of phytomass, it is analyzed its distribution in various landscapes of the studying area. It is also necessary along with NDVI the analysis of the spatial distribution of such indexes as TDVI and SAVI to highlight and clarify the boundaries of natural territorial complexes for the highest classification levels (types and subtypes of landscapes). The first allows mapping more precisely a natural territorial complex with woody vegetation, and the second one with meadow. It is necessary to compare the spatial distribution of the index data with a digital terrain model to highlight natural territorial complexes with the lower classification. Results. The spectral (vegetation) indexes, calculated on the basis of remote sensing data allow highlighting the main types of vegetation more accurate in comparison with the traditional methods based on field mapping. Field landscape mapping allows distinguishing the types of vegetation more accurately, whereas vegetation indexes allow distinguishing accurately such properties of vegetation, as density of the forest stand, etc. A combination of these methods increases the accuracy of landscape mapping. Conclusions. Spectral indexes are quite informative for the differentiation of vegetation while distinguishing landscapes. The most universal index is the NDVI, which allows distinguishing different physiognomic types of the vegetation. To clarify the boundaries in the case of the predominance of grassland vegetation, good results are obtained by using the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). To clarify the woody vegetation, especially forests with high and dense forest stand, the best results are obtained by using the transformed difference vegetation index (TDVI). These indexes allow highlighting the natural territorial complexes quite accurately of the highest classification grades: types and subtypes of landscapes. Regarding selection based on these PTC lower ranks for these purposes must cater locations resulting relief. Regarding the highlighting it on the basis of natural territorial complexes in the lowest grades for these purposes it is necessary to consider the features of the location driven by the relief.

The article analyzes changes in the climatic parameters of high-mountain landscapes of the North-Eastern Caucasus according to the weather station “ Sulak, high-mountain ” for 1931-2013 years. It is found the significant increase in air temperature over the last decade, although in general temperature changes of opposite sign (relative warming and cooling) from one year to the next lower temperature influ-ence on the high-mountain landscapes. Changes of rainfall have more expressed cyclic character and are shown in the periods with significant deviations from the normal rainfall. The significant increase in air temperature on the background of rainfall close to the norm, observed in the last decade led to a partial deg-radation of the North-Eastern Caucasus and there were created conditions for the expansion of the range subnival zones of landscapes. Rezjume. V stat'e analiziruetsja izmenenie klimaticheskih parametrov vysokogornyh lugovyh land-shaftov Severo-Vostochnogo Kavkaza po dannym meteostancii «Sulak, vysokogornaja» za 1931-2013 gg. Vyjavleno sushhestvennoe povyshenie temperatury vozduha v poslednee desjatiletie, hotja v celom izmenen-ija temperatury raznogo znaka (otnositel'nye poteplenija i poholodanija) ot odnogo goda k drugomu snizhajut vlijanie temperatury na vysokogornye landshafty. Izmenenija osadkov nosjat bolee vyrazhennyj ciklicheskij harakter i projavljajutsja v nalichie periodov so znachitel'nymi otklonenijami osadkov ot normy. Znachitel'noe povyshenie temperatury vozduha na fone kolichestva osadkov, blizkih k norme, nabljudae-moe v poslednee desjatiletie, privelo k chastichnoj degradacii oledenenija Severo-Vostochnogo Kavkaza i formirovaniju uslovij dlja rasshirenija areala subnival'nyh landshaftov.

The authors of the article reveal trends of climatic conditions changing and variability of hydro-thermal conditions in semidesert landscapes of Northern Caucasus.

Высокогорной части Российского Кавказа получили распространение гляциально-нивальные и высокогорные луговые ландшафты. Они испытывают минимальные антропогенные нагрузки и находятся в природном режиме. В этой связи представляет интерес распределение фитомассы высокогорных ландшафтов в зависимости от таких факторов, как абсолютная высота, экспозиция и крутизна склонов. Как показали наши исследования, наибольшее влияние на содержание фитомассы в природно-территориальных комплексах (ПТК) высокогорных ландшафтов Российского Кавказа оказывает абсолютная высота. На одинаковых высотных отметках значительное влияние на запасы фитомассы оказывает экспозиция склонов, а крутизна склонов является самым слабым фактором. На содержание мортмассы эти факторы оказывают крайне слабое влияние.

The authors of the article analyze the changes of the air temperature, precipitation quantity and conditions of moisturizing in mountain-and-kettle landscapes of the northern slope of the Great Caucasus, according to the data of “Kislovodsk”, “Shatoy”, “Akhty” weather stations.