В статье анализируется понятие идеализации. Разбираются различные смыслы, которые в него вкладываются. Особое внимание уделяется истолкованию идеализации в немецкой классической философии, особенно в философском наследии Шеллинга. По Шеллингу, процесс идеализации подразумевает художественное постижение и выражение идеальной сущности вещей, людей и событий через ее явленность в образно-символической форме. Идеализация противостоит, с одной стороны, натурализму в искусстве, а с другой, рационалистическим идеализациям действительности в смысле ее приукрашивания. Показывается присутствие художественной идеализации в различных жанрах изобразительного искусства: натюрморте, пейзаже, портрете, исторических полотнах. The article analyses the concept of idealization. The various meanings that are put into it are being analysed. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of idealization in German classical philosophy, especially in Schelling’s philosophical heritage. According to Schelling, the process of idealization implies comprehension and artistic discovery of the ideal essence of things, people and events through its manifestation in figurative and symbolic form. Schelling's idealization opposes, on the one hand, naturalism in art, and, on the other, its rationalistic idealizations of reality in the sense of its embellishment. It is shown the existence of artistic idealization in various genres of fine arts: still-life, landscape, portrait, historical canvases.

The article focuses on the prominent role of environmental security in international integration taking place in the Greater Eurasia area. The authors discuss and clarify the concepts of Greater Eurasia and ecological safety. The paper explains the thesis that environmental aspects of security should be given much greater attention, since environmental problems can lead to severe conflicts of national interests, or they can become the most important means of achieving interstate environmental agreements and creating ecological programs and projects, uniting people and ensuring common strategic interests. The authors classify global and regional environmental threats. Plenty of examples illustrate local environmental risks and their relation to regional security issues. Accordingly, two interconnected sets of measures are distinguished between two types of environmental threats (risks). The first set involves the active participation of countries in various international environmental programs. The second set of measures aims at developing mechanisms for systematic expert analysis of significant projects directly or indirectly affecting the environment of neighboring countries.

In the social transformations that shape the situation of “postmodernity”, media communication plays a leading role. At the first stages of its formation, theorists made a number of predictions about a new sociality: the implementation of the principles of equality and freedom; the ability to participate in significant decision-making; inclusion of all in social integrity and participation in events; consolidation of rationality, ethics, and freedom in reaching a universal consensus; convergence of values and worldviews.Accordingly,the purpose of this studyis to investigate how and in what forms these forecasts have been carried out; what are the trends of modern media communication.Research methods: comparative analysis, system-structural and structural-functional analysis.The main results of the studyare as follows. The forecasts of the leading theorists about the prospects of media communication and the digital society have been reached, at best, only partially. In a real situation, which many authors call “postmodernity”, one can see the following contradictory tendencies: real boundaries, which were expected to become “transparent”, are now reproduced in virtual form; communication processes stimulated consolidation, but at the same time exacerbated ideological, national, socio-cultural divisions. Moreover, the government and business structures that are increasing their influence (“post-democracy”) are competing with new actors for leadership in media communication. The phenomenon of “post-truth” show itself through rejection of the objectivity principle, reliability, rationality. The immersion of communicants in a virtual environment has number of negative consequences for the personality, including “erosion” of basic moral and social norms (“posthumanism”). Furthermore, basic functions of journalism are replaced by dysfunctions (“post-journalism”). Thus, the Internet has served as a kind of catalyst that enhances both positive and negative social trends.

The article presents an analysis of the contents of the book entitled "Siberia and India: Historical Cultural Affinities" by the famous Indian scientist, expert on Central Asia, Dr. Kulbhushan Warikoo. It was published in English in New Delhi in 2020 by the Vivekananda International Foundation (India). It is noted that the methodological guidelines of the author's research are similar to the viewpoints of the reviewers and many other Russian colleagues. This work indicates the prospects for cooperation between Indian and Siberian scientists in various fields, including improving the quality of research and academic publications. The author writes that there is a clear historical and cultural proximity between India and the peoples of Siberia, in particular, due to common traditions and Buddhist culture. Written in the classical genre of scientific itineraries, the book contains some observations of the Indian scientist made during his travels in the republics of Buryatia (2007), Khakassia (2009), Altai (2014 and 2015) and Tyva (2016) in the Russian Federation. These findings confirm his thesis. The author notes the occurrence of ideas that are characteristic of the Himalayan peoples in the traditional culture of the Siberian ethnic groups. He draws a conclusion that it is necessary to further identify common traditions, beliefs and customs among the peoples of Siberia and India. This can become a fertile basis for scientific cooperation between Siberian and Indian researchers. This idea of scientific cooperation should also contribute to the growth of self-consciousness of the population of Siberia that occupies the middle position in the Eurasian space and is a place of cultural and civilizational interaction of peoples. Attention is drawn to some omissions of Dr. Warikoo, in particular, regarding the issues of ambiguity of the language situation in Tuva.

Altai and the Himalayas are two mountain systems of Eurasia, similar in their natural and climatic conditions and biosphere potential, which determines the commonality of social and environmental problems, the similarity of economic strategies. To assess the general problems and trends in the development of agriculture in the Altai and Himalayan regions, in the Russian-Indian research project, Uimonskaya (Ust-Koksinsky district, Altai Republic, Russia) and Kinnaurskaya (Himachal Pradesh state, India) mountainous areas were selected as representative territories. The common biosphere features of the two territories were identified (high mountains, climate severity, vulnerability of mountain landscapes). The parallelism in the use of biosphere products (Siberian and Himalayan pine nuts), crops cultivated in these territories (barley, wheat, buckwheat) is shown. General economic, ecological and social problems are indicated, which include soil degradation and deforestation, uncontrolled tourism, high production costs, loss of traditional lifestyle, population migration, climate change. Recommendations in the field of agriculture and nature management in high mountain areas are given. In particular, due to the remoteness of the mountainous regions of the Uimon Valley and Kinnaura from the sales markets, it is important to develop deep processing of agricultural and biosphere products locally, to intensify the production of products according to historically traditional recipes, which makes them an exclusive product on the market. A common challenge for Russian and Indian village inhabitant living in unique natural landscapes is the introduction of organic farming technologies.

The article is concerned with the dueling incidents with participation of Polish deputies of Imperial Duma which took place in 1906 and 1913. The author reconstructs the causes, further things happening and results of these clashes as well as evidences their coverage from Russian news media and perception by Russian public. Special attention is put to the conflict of deputies belonging to the Polish group in Imperial Duma with the future Prime Minister of the Provisional Government A.F. Kerensky. The author proves that although on a moral level the injured party was Polish deputies, their chosen modus operandi was unsuccessful, and in the minds of the liberal democratic part of the Russian society Kerensky came out victor.

В данной статье рассматривается необходимость перехода к инновационному развитию российской экономики, раскрываются основные положения инновационного сценария развития социально-экономического потенциала страны до 2030 года с приведением некоторых прогнозных значений макроэкономических показателей.

Numerous crimes against humanity committed by totalitarian regimes in the 20 th century triggered strong public distrust to any political ideology that defines mass political consciousness.Besides of it, an ideology still is significant structural element of reproduction of social beingness, and because of it learning of an ideology phenomenon from the points of view of ontology has some considerable heuristical potential.A political ideology as a substantial part of a person's worldview positions has noticeable influences on his or her social, political, or ethnic identity.In information society, an ideology can be considered as a powerful tool for promoting economic and political interests of political life actors, their integrational ideas and projects.

The article substantiates the existence of three types of poetic creativity: technimatic (gaming), social-confessional and sophian. The personal-subjective aspirations of poet and playing with the language are the sources of technimatic poetry. The social-confessional line in the world poetry originates from the Chinese “Shijin” (“The Book of Songs”). The source of this type of poetry is a deeply personal reaction on the events taking place in the world, and the need to inform other people about personal experiences, contemplations and thoughts. Particular attention in the article is paid to the sophian line in world poetry. Its source is the eidetic super-personal reality. The poet creatively “connects” himself with this reality and introduces the reader to it through artistically revealed word. The feeling of the super-personal status of the created verses is one of the important attributes of sophian poetry. Homer, Dante, Avicenna, Rumi, V. von Eschenbach, Li Bo, Goethe, Tagore, Rilke, D. Andreev and Iqbal can be attributed to it. In Russian poetry of the 19th – 20th centuries Pushkin and Lermontov, Tyutchev and V. Solovyov, Blok and Gumilyov adjoin the sofian poetic line; Leopardi and Hesse –in the eastern and western poetic tradition. Sophian poetry performs important functions in culture. It is able to return to the words their original living meanings, familiarizing themselves with the essence of things and with the super-empirical reality of Cosmos. It also opens up new evolutionary horizons for language and national literature. The position of the sofian poet is twofold, which gives his work intense dynamism, and his life a tragic character. He simultaneously lives in two worlds: earthly and super-mundane, sensual-bodily and eidetic-semantic. From the eidetic layers of world existence, he is forced to convey knowledge to other people in the words, images and metaphors available to them. At the same time the inspirations and insights of the sofian poet are always preceded by intense professional work, the humility of one’s pride and vain passions.

The article is devoted to the heritage of the Roerich family – Nikolai Konstantinovich, Elena Ivanovna, Yuri Nikolaevich, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, and its role in the current sit­uation of world crisis, especially for the Eurasian geopolitical space. The authors substan­tiate the thesis that the political and cultural views of the Roerich family matured parallel to the movement of the Eurasians and in a number of aspects specify many their ideas. The authors reveal and explore the relevance and predictability of the key principles held by the Roerich family concerning the perspectives of Russia and the areas of Eurasian co­operation. In the legacy of the Roerich family, the main features of the impending global crisis are described in a visionary way. They saw a way out of the crisis in establishing the primacy of culture over economy, the primacy of the spiritual over the material. The Roerichs warned of the dangers of a barbaric relationship with nature, robotization and decomposition of consciousness. Their warnings about the dangers of a mechanical civilization are confirmed in the work of modern analysts. According to Roerichs, the ideal of cooperation and cooperation should become the basis of relations between peoples. The Roerichs emphasized the special importance of the Russian-Mongolian and Russian-Indian ties forming a geopolitical and spiritual “middle cross” of Eurasia. The commonality of the environmental, cultural and economic problems of the two great mountain regions of the Earth is a solid foundation for future cooperation between scien­tists in the space of Eurasia.

The article considers two interrelated problems of modern Russian higher education: the strengthening of administrative coercion and control as well as the introduction of distance education. As a theoretical and methodological basis of the study, the authors rely on the socio-philosophical analysis of the problems of education in the famous S.I. Hessen’s work, where three basic principles of the effective functioning of the university are highlighted: the completeness of scientific knowledge, the freedom of teaching and learning, and self-government. The authors substantiate the view that at present all these principles are violated. Violation of the first of them is manifested in a decrease in hours devoted to the teaching of fundamental disciplines and in a general orientation toward the graduation of a “narrow” specialist; the second principle is incompatible with the extremely increased reporting of universities and overly formalized indicators of the quality of their work. Violation of the third principle is manifested in the gradual elimination of university autonomy, in particular, free election of rectors. The most negative manifestation of administrative pressure, according to the authors, today is the forced introduction of distance learning. The authors critically analyze the main arguments put forward in favor of this project: saving university budgets, ensuring a higher quality of teaching, the need to follow the general logic of modernization of education as a whole. The solution to financial problems, according to the authors, should not be based on forced economy, but on the competent organization of the country’s economic life. An appeal to a higher quality of teaching, which, it is argued, must be provided by teachers from the country’s central universities, is based on biased and unproven ideas. In addition, for mastering critical and systematic thinking skills, conducting scientific discussions, direct communication between teachers and students is necessary, which is not feasible in the conditions of online teaching with a very large number of students. In addition, the authors highlight the idea that nobody takes into account the need for close knowledge of a particular audience by a teacher to choose an adequate style of lecturing or conducting practical classes. The article concludes that the current administrative-bureaucratic style of managing higher education, in which not only the basic principles of the successful functioning of the latter are violated, but also destructive reforms are carried out, is destructive not only for education as such, but also for the state itself.

Life and activities of Academician B.A. Petrov and his Scientific School. (For the 115th birth anniversary).