脑-机接口(BCI)是一种利用大脑信号与外部环境进行交互的新技术，在运动辅助及康复治疗中具有重要的研究价值。本文主要介绍BCI技术在脑卒中、脊髓损伤和肌萎缩侧索硬化症康复中的应用进展，并就BCI技术目前的局限性及研究发展方向进行综述。

Background: The focus of research in the treatment of osteoporosis (OP) has evolved from promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption to current stem cell therapy. Due to their multipotent differentiation properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can repair degenerated bones through transplantation, and have become a new method for the treatment of OP. Methods: Relevant literatures included in the Web of Science database core collection database from 2012 to 2021 were retrieved. CiteSpace software was used to analyze the cooperative relationship among authors, journals, institutions, and countries, and to analyze the co-citation situation of the literature. And performed co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis and burst analysis of keywords, draw visual maps and analyzed the results. Results: A total of 2100 papers were included, and the number of papers published from 2012 to 2021 was on the rise. A total of 484 authors were included, and 176 authors published more than 3 papers. The high-yield authors were mainly represented by YAN JIN and BO GAO. A total of 99 journals were included, and the journal with the most publications was J BONE MINER RES. A total of 787 institutions were included, and the institution with the largest number of publications was Shanghai Jiao Tong University. A total of 65 countries were included. The country with the largest number of publications was China, and the United States had the highest centrality. The co-citation analysis of the literature found 2 articles with high citation frequency and high centrality. The main research direction was the mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of osteoporosis. A total of 133 keywords were included, and the hot keywords were osteogenic differentiation, expression, proliferation, bone marrow, etc. Conclusions: The research hotspots in this field mainly focused on the mechanism of bone regeneration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs, and the expression of osteogenic-related genes. The future research trends in this field are predicted to be the mechanism of action of microRNA and long non-coding RNA on MSCs and their relationship with OP, the mechanism of MSCs adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and tissue engineering scaffolds applications.

Background: To systematically evaluate task-oriented training (TOT) on the improvement of gross motor function, balance and activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TOT in children with CP were searched from Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EmBase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biology Medicine, Chinese Scientific Journals Database and Wanfang data from the establishment of database to March 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated, and meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.4 software. Results: A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review (n = 893). Meta-analysis showed that the gross motor function measure (GMFM) (MD = 11.05, 95%CI [8.26, 13.83], P < .00001), dimension D (MD = 3.05, 95%CI [1.58, 4.53], P < .0001) of the GMFM, dimension E (MD = 7.36, 95%CI [5.88, 8.84], P < .00001) of the GMFM, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (MD = 6.23, 95%CI [3.31, 9.15], P < .0001), the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory (PEDI) mobile function (MD = 6.44, 95%CI [3.85, 9.02], P < .00001) score improved significantly in the TOT group compared with the control group. Conclusions: Current evidence shows that TOT could effectively improve gross motor function, balance and activities of daily living in children with CP. Due to the limitations of the number and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

Objective: To systematically assess the effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and to compare the efficacy of two different NIBS. Methods Computer searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical literature Service System (SinoMed), and Wanfang Database were conducted using a combination of free words and subject terms. The search was conducted from the database creation date to 27 November 2022. The risk of bias in the included literature was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Scale. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. A standard meta-analysis of study data for each outcome indicator was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Network meta-analysis was performed using State 14.0 according to the Bayesian framework. Results A total of 18 studies involving 809 patients were included. Meta-analysis shows NIBS significantly improved montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49–1.02, P < 0.05), mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI 0.25–1.20, P < 0.05), and modified barthel index (MBI) and functional independence measurement (FIM) scores (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.54, P < 0.05) in patients with PSCI. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) of different NIBS in improving MoCA scores were in the order of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (SUCRA = 92.4%) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (SUCRA = 57.6%). The SUCRA of different NIBS in improving MMSE scores were in the order of tDCS (SUCRA = 81.6%) and TMS (SUCRA = 67.3%). The SUCRA of different NIBS in improving MBI and FIM scores were in the order of tDCS (SUCRA = 78.6%) and TMS (SUCRA = 65.3%). Conclusion The available evidence suggests that NIBS improves cognitive impairment. tDCS appeared more effective than TMS for cognitive function and activities of daily living in PSCI patients. Limited by the number of included studies, more large-sample, multicentre, double-blind, high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to further confirm this study's results. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022372354.