目的:探讨基于团队学习(TBL)结合标准化病人(SP)的教学方法在康复医学科临床见习带教中的应用价值及意义。方法:本研究历时2个学年完成，选取华中科技大学同济医学院2014级临床医学8年制学生作为对照组(58名)，2015级临床医学8年制学生作为实验组(55名)。对照组采用传统教学模式，实验组实行TBL联合SP的教学模式，总学时均为4个学时。教师采用问卷星软件对两组学生进行随堂测试及教学满意度问卷调查，见习结束后1周进行期末理论考试，记录学生的成绩，比较TBL联合SP教学与传统教学模式的差异。结果:与对照组比较，实验组随堂测试成绩[(88.23±4.56)分]分数较高( P<0.05)。在教学满意度问卷调查方面，实验组对带教老师的评价、团队协作意识、学习主动性、对重点知识的理解、交流表达能力较对照组好( P<0.05)，期末理论考试成绩也较为优异( P<0.05)。 结论:TBL联合SP可以有效提升康复医学科临床见习带教的教学效果，激发学生学习兴趣、增进团队意识、提高知识理解能力和交流表达能力，是康复医学教学的有效方法。
Objective:To explore the value of convalescent somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in formulating a prognosis for children with severe disorders of consciousness (DOC) caused by brain trauma, infection or hypoxia.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study of 286 children with DOC children treated between 2013 and 2021. They were divided into a trauma group ( n=103), an intracranial infection group ( n=101), a hypoxia group ( n=42) and an other-causes group ( n=40). Their consciousness status and functional recovery were obtained in follow-up appointments, and their functional condition 1 year after discharge was assessed using the modified Glasgow Outcome scale (GOS). Results:During 8-year follow-up, 16 had died, with 4 deaths within 1 year. Among the 191 cases followed up to 1 year, children with a bilateral N20 SEP had significantly better functional outcomes than those with unilateral or bilateral N20 absence. For the trauma group, the presence of a bilateral N20 signal was a strong indicator of good functional outcome at the 1-year follow-up, with a specificity of 90.9%, sensitivity of 55.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 92.6%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 50% and a positive likelihood rate (PLR) of 6.111. However, for the intracranial infection group, the presence of N20 had a low specificity for predicting good outcomes, though the absence of an N20 potential predicted poor functional outcome at 1 year with a specificity of 82.4%, sensitivity of 62.1%, PPV of 75%, and PLR of 3.517. For the hypoxic group, bilateral N20 could not predict a good prognosis, though its absence meant a poor outcome, with a specificity of 87.5%, sensitivity of 63.6%, PPV of 93.3%, and PLR of 5.818.Conclusion:SEPs during the recovery period can help to formulate a prognosis for children with severe DOC. Traumatic brain injury and the presence of bilateral N20 potentials can be used as a good prognostic indicator. For intracranial infection and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, the absence of an N20 potential indicates a poor prognosis.
Objective:To observe any effect of using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) rehabilitation set in rehabilitating the physical ability of hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods:Ninety stroke survivors with hemiplegia were selected and randomly divided into an observation group ( n=45) and a control group ( n=45). The observation group was first assessed using the ICF and then given 60 minutes of individualized rehabilitation, 5 or 6 times a week for 4 weeks in addition to a weekly one-hour rehabilitation course. The control group were evaluated and treated traditionally. Before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer exercise assessment (FM) and functional independence assessment (FIM). Results:After the treatment the average upper and lower limb scores as well as the total FM scores had improved significantly. Those of the observation group were then significantly different from the control group′s averages.Conclusion:Basing rehabilitation on the ICF can more effectively improve the physical functioning of hemiplegic stroke survivors.
目的:观察"调阴和阳"针法结合镜像疗法对脑卒中后腕手功能障碍的疗效。方法:选取符合入选和排除标准的脑卒中后腕手功能障碍患者62例，采用随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组，每组患者31例。2组患者均接受常规药物(个体化的脑卒中二级预防药物治疗)和常规康复治疗，同时给予"调阴和阳"针法治疗，治疗组则在此基础上增加镜像疗法。"调阴和阳"针法和镜像疗法均为每日1次，每周6次，连续治疗2周。于治疗前和治疗2周后(治疗后)由同一康复医师采用简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)和改良Barthel指数(MBI)分别评估2组患者的上肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力，并采集其腕屈、伸肌的表面肌电信号。结果:治疗后，2组患者的FMA-UE和MBI评分较组内治疗前均显著改善( P<0.01)，且治疗组治疗后的FMA-UE和MBI评分分别为(29.58±13.79)分和(74.68±14.85)分，显著优于对照组治疗后，差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。治疗后，2组患者的腕伸肌和腕屈肌的iEMG较组内治疗前均显著改善( P<0.01)，且治疗组治疗后腕伸肌和腕屈肌iEMG显著优于对照组治疗后，差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。 结论:"调阴和阳"针法结合镜像疗法可有效改善脑卒中后腕手功能障碍患者的上肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力，促进患侧腕关节屈伸肌肉的激活。
主动脉夹层作为一类危重症心血管疾病，具有高致死率的特点，并对幸存者存在长期显著的功能影响。手术治疗是优先选择的有效治疗方式，术后康复是此类患者综合管理中重要的一环。然而，目前对该类患者的术后康复研究多集中在出院后的康复，鲜有对住院超早期康复的报道。本文对近年来主动脉夹层术后患者相关的超早期康复研究进行综述，以期为物理治疗师对主动脉夹层术后患者实施超早期康复提供参考。
目的:探究盆底表面肌电(sEMG)在脊髓损伤患者下尿路功能障碍转归中的预测作用。方法:纳入39例符合入选条件的脊髓损伤患者，使用脊髓损伤神经学分类国际标准(ISNCSCI)评估神经损伤平面及损伤程度，并完成sEMG评估及简易膀胱压力-容量测定，评估所有患者的下尿路功能状态，内容包括排尿方式(自主排尿、反射性排尿、间歇清洁导尿、留置导尿、膀胱造瘘等)、漏尿情况(有或无漏尿、漏尿量及漏尿次数)、残余尿量(通过排尿后清洁导尿或超声等方式确定)。出院3个月后随访，根据患者的两种预后将39例患者分为预后一组(21例)和预后二组(18例)，其中预后一组包括完全恢复自主排尿、大部分恢复自主排尿但偶有失禁、自主排尿且清残余尿<1次/24 h、自主排尿但需要清残余尿>2次/24 h；预后二组包括间歇清洁导尿、间歇清洁导尿伴漏尿、留置导尿、反射性排尿；随访评估2组患者的ISNCSCI分级及膀胱功能状态。结果:预后一组(21例)患者的ISNCSCI分级A级、B级、C级、D级和其它损伤类型(包括圆锥和马尾综合征等)例数分别为0例、1例、4例、5例和11例，而预后二组(18例)的分别为4例、3例、3例、0例和8例，且组间差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。预后一组和预后二组两组患者耐力收缩阶段的后10 s/前10 s比值的平均值分别为(0.82±0.30)和(1.14±0.47)，患者尿意感正常例数占比分别为14.29%和5.56%，尿意感异常例数占比分别为52.38%和27.78%，尿意感消失例数占比分别为33.33%和66.67%，膀胱总容量平均值分别为(456.19±137.57)ml和(362.50±149.31)ml，且2组间比较，差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)，其中sEMG耐力收缩阶段后10 s/前10 s比值(OR＝13.956)与膀胱功能恢复呈显著相关( P<0.05)。 结论:sEMG可以作为预测脊髓损伤患者下尿路功能转归的一个客观指标。
慢性意识障碍是指因严重脑损伤导致意识缺失大于28 d的病理状态 [1]，目前尚无循证医学证据支持的促醒治疗手段。重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation，rTMS)具有无创等优势，逐渐被应用于多种神经系统疾病的治疗中 [2]。大部分针对意识障碍患者的rTMS研究，均选取前额叶 [3,4,5]或初级运动皮质 [6,7]作为刺激靶点，结果发现rTMS可以改善部分最小意识状态(minimally conscious state，MCS)患者的意识水平。
偏瘫型脑瘫上肢功能的康复是目前儿童康复的难点和热点。镜像疗法作为上肢功能康复的治疗技术，具有操作简便，无创，成本低等优势，近年来也被国内外学者应用于偏瘫型脑瘫患儿的上肢功能康复。本文旨在通过综述镜像疗法在偏瘫型脑瘫儿童上肢功能康复中的应用研究进展，以期为偏瘫型脑瘫上肢康复的临床应用和推广提供参考。
Objective:To observe any therapeutic effect of combining early pulmonary rehabilitation training with acupuncture at the back-shu and front-mu acupoints in treating stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP).Methods:Eighty SAP patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, each of 40. Both groups were given routine symptomatic treatment for pneumonia, nutritional support, lipid-lowering and anti-infection measures, as well as acupuncture at the back-shu and front-mu acupoints. The treatment group additionally received pulmonary rehabilitation training. Before and after 14 days of the treatment, both groups were evaluated in terms of their forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak flow rate (PEF), white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT). Chinese medicine (TCM) scores for expectoration of phlegm, shortness of breath, pulmonary rales, cough, fever and weakness were also assigned. The duration of antibiotic use and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were compared between the two groups.Results:Treatment efficacy was significantly higher in the treatment group (97.5%) than in the control group (85.0%). The treatment group′s average duration of antibiotic use and ICU stay were significantly shorter than in the control group. The treatment improved the average FVC, FEV1, PEF, WBC, CRP and PCT of both groups significantly leaving the average FVC and PEF of the treatment group significantly higher than the control group′s average, but its average WBC, CRP, PCT and the total TCM syndrome score significantly lower.Conclusions:Combining early pulmonary rehabilitation training with acupuncture at the back-shu and front-mu acupoints has a definite therapeutic effect on SAP patients. It can significantly shorten the use of antibiotics and ICU stay, promote the recovery of lung function, reduce inflammation and relieve clinical symptoms.
目的:观察头针交互调衡电刺激治疗恢复中期脑卒中患者运动性失语的临床疗效。方法:采用随机数字表法将61例恢复中期脑卒中后运动性失语患者分为对照组(31例)及观察组(30例)。2组患者均给予常规康复干预(包括控制血压、血糖、运动康复训练及言语功能训练等)，在此基础上对照组患者选取病灶侧言语1区及3区给予常规头针治疗，观察组患者则选取双侧言语1区及3区给予头针交互调衡电刺激治疗。2组患者均每天治疗1次，每周治疗5 d，连续治疗4周。于治疗前、治疗4周后分别采用波士顿失语诊断分级测验(BADE)、汉语失语成套测验(ABC)及日常生活交流能力测试(CADL-T)对2组患者言语功能进行评定。结果:治疗前2组患者ABC、CADL-T评分及BADE评级组间差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05)；治疗后2组患者ABC、CADL-T评分及BADE评级均较治疗前明显改善( P<0.05)，并且观察组上述指标改善幅度亦显著优于对照组水平( P<0.05)。 结论:头针交互调衡电刺激能显著改善恢复中期脑卒中后运动性失语患者言语功能，且疗效明显优于传统头针治疗。
新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019，COVID-19)是近年危害全球的第一大公共卫生事件，危重型患者致死率高，肺移植被视为其最终治疗手段；该疾病传染性极强，国内外尚未见感染COVID-19后肺移植手术治疗的报道，此类患者肺移植后的康复治疗亦面临巨大挑战。本研究通过对1例危重型COVID-19患者双肺移植术后早期康复治疗的成功实施，初步探讨康复治疗在COVID-19患者肺移植术后早期康复的价值。
孕期抑郁是一种常见的妊娠期心理疾病，孕期抑郁治疗不当会对母体和胎儿产生严重后果。无创、安全、有效的抑郁症治疗方案对改善育龄妇女及胎儿健康有着重要意义。近年来，有研究通过经颅磁刺激(TMS)或经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)调节背外侧前额叶皮质神经元兴奋性的方式来改善孕期抑郁，并取得了较好的疗效，但适宜的刺激参数仍需进一步探索。本文就TMS和tDCS两种主要非侵入性脑刺激技术的神经调控的作用机制，及其在孕期抑郁治疗中的应用进展进行综述，旨在为孕期抑郁的临床治疗提供参考。
脑-机接口(BCI)是一种利用大脑信号与外部环境进行交互的新技术，在运动辅助及康复治疗中具有重要的研究价值。本文主要介绍BCI技术在脑卒中、脊髓损伤和肌萎缩侧索硬化症康复中的应用进展，并就BCI技术目前的局限性及研究发展方向进行综述。
目的:观察微针速刺联合经颅磁刺激(TMS)治疗儿童抽动障碍的临床疗效。方法:选取106例抽动障碍患儿作为研究对象，均给予微针速刺及TMS联合治疗，每周治疗2次，治疗10次为1个疗程。于治疗前、治疗1个疗程后采用耶鲁综合抽动严重程度量表(YGTSS)对患者进行疗效评定，并记录治疗过程中患儿的不良反应及依从性情况。结果:有1例患儿(占0.94%)经3次治疗后因无法耐受针刺疼痛而中途退出，余105例患儿(占99.06%)均顺利完成1个疗程治疗(共计治疗10次)。研究期间有1例患儿(占0.94%)在首次TMS治疗时出现短暂轻微头晕，经休息后自行恢复，余患儿均未见严重不良反应。经治疗后患儿运动性抽动评分[(5.5±3.9)分]、发声性抽动评分[(1.9±2.9)分]、功能性损害评分[(3.8±5.1)分]及YGTSS总分[(11.4±8.9)分]均较治疗前明显降低( P<0.05)。 结论:微针速刺联合TMS治疗儿童抽动障碍疗效显著，能有效缓解抽动障碍病情，同时还具有安全性高、患儿依从性好等优点。
脑卒中恢复期患者存在患侧运动功能障碍，影响其站立步行，在步行时多表现为不对称的异常步态模式，严重影响患者的生活质量。近年来，下肢外骨骼机器人的研究发展较快，其不仅具有精确化、高强度、高效率等特点，还可显著提高康复疗效，甚至可以在适当减轻负荷的情况下，帮助患者模拟正确的步行方式。本文旨在综述下肢外骨骼机器人在脑卒中恢复期患者步态康复中的应用研究进展，以期为脑卒中患者步态康复的研究提供参考和借鉴。
Objective:To explore any effect of on the limb and cardiopulmonary functioning of stroke survivors of combining new Bobath technique with cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.Methods:A total of 160 stroke survivors with limb disorders were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 80. Both groups were given routine rehabilitation and the new version of Bobath training, but the observation group was additionally provided with 12 weeks of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. Before and after the treatment the limb functioning of both groups was evaluated along with their ability in the activities of daily living and the recovery of damaged nerve function, using the simplified Fugl-Meyer (FMA) motor function scoring, the modified Barthel index (MBI) and the Chinese stroke scale (CSS). Peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak), peak metabolic equivalent (METpeak), peak heart rate (HRpeak) and anaerobic thresholds (ATs) were documented. Results:After the treatment the average FMA, MBI and CSS scores and cardiopulmonary indexes had improved significantly in both groups. All were then significantly better in the observation group than in the control group.Conclusions:Combining the new Bobath technique with cardiopulmonary rehabilitation can significantly improve the limb and cardiopulmonary functioning of stroke survivors, as well as their skill in the activities of daily living and the recovery of the damaged nerve functionality. This combination is therefore worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Objective:To document the effectiveness of using a digital treadmill in rehabilitating the walking ability of patients with an incomplete spinal cord injury.Methods:Ninety-three patients with an incomplete spinal cord injury were randomly divided into a control group ( n=46) and a treatment group ( n=47). Both groups received routine rehabilitation, but the treatment group was additionally trained using a digital treadmill. Before and after 3 months of the treatment, the quadriceps strength of each patient was graded using Lovett muscle strength grades. Walking ability was quantified using the 10m walk test, the 6min walking endurance test and lower extremity motor scoring (LEMS). Gait parameters were recorded along with the maximum knee flexion and hip flexion angles. Ability in the activities of daily living was assessed using the modified Barthel index (MBI) and the functional independence rating scale (FIM). Results:After treatment, significant improvement was observed in the average quadriceps muscle strength, 10m walking time, 6min walking distance, LEMS score, step length, step speed, step frequency, maximum knee flexion angle, maximum hip flexion angle, MBI score and FIM score of both groups compared with before the treatment. Significantly greater improvement was observed in the treatment group′s average quadriceps muscle strength, 10m walking time, 6min walking distance, LEMS score, step length, walking speed, stride frequency, knee and hip flexion angles, and their average MBI and FIM scores.Conclusions:Rehabilitation training using a digital treadmill can improve the lower limb muscle strength, walking ability and gait parameters of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury, as well as their ability in the activities of daily living.
Objective:To observe the rate of skin injury after spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rehabilitation department and analyze its risk factors.Methods:A total of 120 SCI patients were divided into an injury group of 33 and a control group of 87 without injury. The occurrence, type and location of any skin injuries incurred during hospitalization were recorded along with the subjects′ general condition, injury and functional status, complications, and the rehabilitation and nursing measures applied. Multivariate logistic regressions were evaluated to identify the risk factors for skin injury.Results:Among the 33 injuries, 27 were bruises (58.7%), 10 were stress injuries (21.7%), 5 were lacerations (10.9%) and 4 were burns (8.7%). Most injuries (65.2%) were to the limbs, followed by the buttocks and the sacrococcygeal tail (34.8%). All of the skin injuries required nursing intervention, with 47.8% lasting more than 7 days. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of their average hospital stay, dysfunction, mode of admission, risk of pressure injury, nutrition and assisted urination. The regressions identified significant relationships between the occurrence of skin injury and length of hospital stay, risk of pressure injury and nutrition.Conclusions:The incidence of skin injury is high among hospitalized SCI patients. A long hospital stay, pressure injury and poor nutrition are independent risk factors for such patients. Such patients should receive skin management education.
动作观察疗法作为新发展的神经生理学疗法，目前已广泛应用于神经系统疾病的治疗和研究。本文就近年来动作观察疗法在脑卒中功能障碍康复中的应用研究现状展开综述，从动作观察疗法的概述、动作观察疗法改善脑卒中功能障碍的机制研究及其在脑卒中康复中的应用等方面阐述动作观察疗法对脑卒中康复的影响，以期为脑卒中患者的临床康复治疗提供理论依据。
