Problem Statement and Purpose . Nikolai Alekseevich Golovkinsky is a well-known personality on the territory of the Russian Empire (then the USSR and Ukraine), a researcher who earned well-deserved fame for his scientific achievements in the field of geology and hydrogeology. In this scientific work we set the task: to carry out a historical section of the life path of Nikolai Golovkinsky and to show his contribution to the development of geological science in the territory of the Russian Empire. Data & Methods . The material for this publication was compiled in the scientific li­brary of the IGS NAS of Ukraine, which has become the main source of information. When writing the article, a comparative historical research method was used, which allowed us to consider the chronological sequence of the scientific and creative path of N. A. Golovkinsky. Results . The material of the article contains biographical information on the mili­tary, scientific research and pedagogical and social-organizational activities of the prominent geologist and hydrogeologist, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, N. A. Golovkinsky. Much attention is paid to his work at Kazan and Novorossiysk universities. The geological developments of Nikolay Alekseevich in the territories of the Kamsky-Volga Basin and Crimea are shown, as well as its hydrogeological achievements in the Kherson County and Tavria Province. Review of the major milestones of life, research and pedagogical creativity of the scientist shows that Professor Nikolay Alekseevich rightly belongs to the leading sci­entists who worthily represented geological science on the world stage during the Russian Empire. N. A. Golovkinsky – a prominent figure of Novorossiysk University, which made a significant «summer» in the development of this university and the Faculty of Phys­ics and Mathematics, namely the formation of geological specialty at this university, which is still developing in it.

The material in the article contains biographical information from the life and scientific activity of the doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor, academician Academy of Sciences of the USSR A.D. Arkhangelsky. A wide range of the scientist is shown and a description of the main directions of research in the field of regional geology, fauna and stratigraphy of the Paleogene and Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Volga and Central Asia, lithology and paleography, issues of tectonics and the relationship of gravitational and magnetic anomalies with the geological structure of the territory of the USSR is given. The main attention is paid to his work in the study of the geology of oceans and seas. The main contribution of the scientist to the study of Mesozoic bauxites, their structure and mineral composition is described. On this basis, the scientist developed and substantiated a new sedimentary theory of their formation. This theory opened the possibility for geologists to approach the study of bauxite as sedimentary rocks; this played an important role in the search for new deposits of this valuable mineral. The complex of geological and geophysical work carried out by him on expeditions along the East European Plain provided an answer to important questions about the distribution of oil, coal and iron ores on the territory of the Russian Platform. Much attention was paid to the study of the geology of the Black Sea. Processing materials collected by a hydrographic expedition and a comparative study of the columns of the Black Sea silt and oil-bearing sediments of the Crimean-Caucasian region led the scientist to important conclusions about the conditions of accumulation of oil-producing suites. Long-year research A.D. Arkhangelsk sediments of the Black Sea, their lithology, geochemistry, structure, subsequent changes and deformations were summarized in a number of works, among which are “Conditions for the formation of oil in the North Caucasus” (1927), “Geological history of the Black Sea” (1932), “Geological structure and the history of the development of the Black Sea“ (1938), written together with N.M. Strakhov. In 1926—1928 Arkhangelsky lead the field geological survey work on the Kerch Peninsula for the study of oil fields.

Здійснено історичний зріз основних віх життя і висвітлено наукові напрацювання, організаційну і громадську діяльність відомого в Україні та за її межами морського геолога, доктора геолого-мінералогічних наук, професора Володимира Христофоровича Геворк’яна. Персоналізація геології океанів і морів в Україні дає можливість визначити етапи подальшого розвитку її наукових напрямів й надає історії української науки та освіти портретної конкретики. Вказані аспекти визначають актуальність дослідження. Тому за мету статті обрано висвітлення історичних віх життєвого шляху і наукової, дослідницької і педагогічної та громадської діяльності професора В. Х. Геворк’яна. Показано коло його наукових інтересів та акцентовано увагу на започаткованих науковцем трьох нових наукових напрямах у галузі геології океанів і морів в Україні. Значна частина статті присвячена розкриттю новітніх теоретичних напрацювань В. Х. Геворк’яна: висунення та обґрунтування нової концепції – аседиментаційної трансформації і мобілізації осадових порід та відкладів через вплив на них глибинних флюїдів; ролі органічної речовини в процесах аутигенного мінералоутворення, її значенню для формування горючих корисних копалин і для з’ясування більш загальних питань колообігу вуглецю у біосфері Землі; однієї з моделей відродження науково-дослідного флоту в Україні.