Стаття висвітлює історію становлення та розвитку морських геологічних досліджень у Новоросійському (нині Одеський національний університет імені І.І. Мечникова) університеті (1865 – 1920 рр.). Акцентовано увагу на теоретичних і прикладних результатах проведеної роботи в узбережній зоні та акваторії Чорного моря в галузі геології океанів і морів.
Problem Statement and Purpose . Nikolai Alekseevich Golovkinsky is a well-known personality on the territory of the Russian Empire (then the USSR and Ukraine), a researcher who earned well-deserved fame for his scientific achievements in the field of geology and hydrogeology. In this scientific work we set the task: to carry out a historical section of the life path of Nikolai Golovkinsky and to show his contribution to the development of geological science in the territory of the Russian Empire. Data & Methods . The material for this publication was compiled in the scientific library of the IGS NAS of Ukraine, which has become the main source of information. When writing the article, a comparative historical research method was used, which allowed us to consider the chronological sequence of the scientific and creative path of N. A. Golovkinsky. Results . The material of the article contains biographical information on the military, scientific research and pedagogical and social-organizational activities of the prominent geologist and hydrogeologist, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, N. A. Golovkinsky. Much attention is paid to his work at Kazan and Novorossiysk universities. The geological developments of Nikolay Alekseevich in the territories of the Kamsky-Volga Basin and Crimea are shown, as well as its hydrogeological achievements in the Kherson County and Tavria Province. Review of the major milestones of life, research and pedagogical creativity of the scientist shows that Professor Nikolay Alekseevich rightly belongs to the leading scientists who worthily represented geological science on the world stage during the Russian Empire. N. A. Golovkinsky – a prominent figure of Novorossiysk University, which made a significant «summer» in the development of this university and the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, namely the formation of geological specialty at this university, which is still developing in it.
The material in the article contains biographical information from the life and scientific activity of the doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor, academician Academy of Sciences of the USSR A.D. Arkhangelsky. A wide range of the scientist is shown and a description of the main directions of research in the field of regional geology, fauna and stratigraphy of the Paleogene and Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Volga and Central Asia, lithology and paleography, issues of tectonics and the relationship of gravitational and magnetic anomalies with the geological structure of the territory of the USSR is given. The main attention is paid to his work in the study of the geology of oceans and seas. The main contribution of the scientist to the study of Mesozoic bauxites, their structure and mineral composition is described. On this basis, the scientist developed and substantiated a new sedimentary theory of their formation. This theory opened the possibility for geologists to approach the study of bauxite as sedimentary rocks; this played an important role in the search for new deposits of this valuable mineral. The complex of geological and geophysical work carried out by him on expeditions along the East European Plain provided an answer to important questions about the distribution of oil, coal and iron ores on the territory of the Russian Platform. Much attention was paid to the study of the geology of the Black Sea. Processing materials collected by a hydrographic expedition and a comparative study of the columns of the Black Sea silt and oil-bearing sediments of the Crimean-Caucasian region led the scientist to important conclusions about the conditions of accumulation of oil-producing suites. Long-year research A.D. Arkhangelsk sediments of the Black Sea, their lithology, geochemistry, structure, subsequent changes and deformations were summarized in a number of works, among which are “Conditions for the formation of oil in the North Caucasus” (1927), “Geological history of the Black Sea” (1932), “Geological structure and the history of the development of the Black Sea“ (1938), written together with N.M. Strakhov. In 1926—1928 Arkhangelsky lead the field geological survey work on the Kerch Peninsula for the study of oil fields.
БОРИС ФЕДОРОВИЧ ЗЕРНЕЦЬКИЙ (ДО 90-ї РІЧНИЦІ З ДНЯ НАРОДЖЕННЯ
Currently a large number of, geographers and representatives of related sciences claim to have created integrated environmental concepts . This applies, inparticular, to the concepts of "environmental science", "sociogeosystems", "anthropogenic landscape", "eco-geosophia", etc. All of them confirm the importance of solving the global environmental problem, and the need to unite scholars in all specialties. There is a significant revival of interest in the integral essence of geography, especially among anthropogeographers. This testifies to the fundamental unity of geographical science without its distinct division into natural and social geography, which divides the discipline up into a plethora of specific objects and subjects. Anthropogeographers have come to understand that the earth's space was initially organized by Nature itself. Mankind from the Neolithic Age has transformed his use of nature into the noosphere. If before the Neolithic revolution there still existed natural landscapes on the surface of the planet , then the Neolithic populations of Homo sapiens started to actively change the environments they inhabited. Approximately then, the search for ways to justify such, often destructive, intervention began. Such a change in the landscape was brought about by man, which encouraged scientists unwittingly to develop an "intentional paradigm", according to which the methodology of each science tries to take into account the role of man not only as a component of nature, but as its researcher. Even Strabo having realized the many-sidedness of human existence on our planet, already in ancient times, considered himself "not a geographer, not a historian, but a philosopher." Hettner, with his idea of "embedding" into the earth's space of all things, considered the object of studying geography this very earthly space with objects and phenomena that filled it and interacted with each other. According to Hettner, the connections between them have a landscape causal nature. To such systems of geobjects, Hettner also related human society. The idea of "through" was found in the works of our contemporary physicist and geographer Aleksey Reteyum, who discovered integral (socio-natural) spatial entities on the surface of the planet ("choriones" and "sphragids"), once again proving the "right to exist" of the noosphere suggested by Volodymyr Vernadsky. At present, it is geographers who must create an adequate concept of the environment, which is not yet developed in completed form. Its final design will require the rejection of the mechanistic perception of the world, divided into objects and subjects of research. It is geographers who should identify in time and space such integrated environmental systems (socio-natural systems, whose subsystems can be natural landscape systems and sociogeosystems), which are shaped as a result of the joint development of nature and society. Prospects for the productive development of environmental science are related to the concept of noosphere ecosystems.
Здійснено історичний зріз основних віх життя і висвітлено наукові напрацювання, організаційну і громадську діяльність відомого в Україні та за її межами морського геолога, доктора геолого-мінералогічних наук, професора Володимира Христофоровича Геворк’яна. Персоналізація геології океанів і морів в Україні дає можливість визначити етапи подальшого розвитку її наукових напрямів й надає історії української науки та освіти портретної конкретики. Вказані аспекти визначають актуальність дослідження. Тому за мету статті обрано висвітлення історичних віх життєвого шляху і наукової, дослідницької і педагогічної та громадської діяльності професора В. Х. Геворк’яна. Показано коло його наукових інтересів та акцентовано увагу на започаткованих науковцем трьох нових наукових напрямах у галузі геології океанів і морів в Україні. Значна частина статті присвячена розкриттю новітніх теоретичних напрацювань В. Х. Геворк’яна: висунення та обґрунтування нової концепції – аседиментаційної трансформації і мобілізації осадових порід та відкладів через вплив на них глибинних флюїдів; ролі органічної речовини в процесах аутигенного мінералоутворення, її значенню для формування горючих корисних копалин і для з’ясування більш загальних питань колообігу вуглецю у біосфері Землі; однієї з моделей відродження науково-дослідного флоту в Україні.
Problem Statement and Purpose. The aim of the article is, in the historical screening cut of scientific and social activities in the field of natural geography in the society of scientists in the first university on the territory of Ukraine (the second half of XIX – early XX century).Data & Methods. Research data were collected from libraries of I. I. Mechnikov Odessa National university and P.Tychyna UGPU, and these were the main sources of information. Scientific works (monographs, encyclopedias, articles and electronic resources at various levels) by the famous Russian scientists, scientists from the former Soviet Union and Ukraine (1906–2014) were alo widely used. In writing this research, we used methods of retrospective studies, historical, geographical and scientific methods of analysis to summarize the processed materials.Results. A retrospective analysis of a large number of materials, has led us to the main results of our research.It was found out that the formation of natural geography of Ukraine was attended by experts from different fields of knowledge.As a result, the research has confirmed that:1. Naturalists of Kharkiv Society have played a leading role in the formation and development of the natural geographical area of expertise in Slobozhanschyna at Kharkiv University, where geography as an academic discipline was introduced in 1889 thanks to the activity of members of the public association.2. Science in the process of its development is based on its respective fields. At their intersection there are new research areas and «young» science, like bio-geographical areas of natural geography and ecology, which are now being intensively developed and enrich researchers with new knowledge about the nature of the Earth.
В статье осуществлен исторический срез основных научных наработок основателя палеонтолого-стратиграфической школы в Украине академика УАН П. А. Тутковского и его последователей, которые развивали и распространили ее на дно акватории Мирового океана. Акцентируется внимание читателя на научных достижениях этой школы в области геологии океанов и морей.
Статья посвящена І-й для украинских исследователей АН УССР (НАН Украины) морской экспедиции (ХІІ рейс НДС «Михаил Ломоносов») в Тропическую Атлантику и сделан исторический срез ее значения для дальнейшего развития морской геологии в УССР (Украине).
The article reveals new possible scenarios for the development of marine geological research in Ukraine.
