The paper investigates a multi-stage investment problem under Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) constraints with: a given security level for bankruptcy, short selling permission, a normal and an elliptical total return distribution models. The purpose of the work is to find a method of determining the optimal investment in this problem at each stage. As a result of the study, an optimal investment strategy is found and it is shown that the optimal investment portfolio at each stage does not depend on the value of the investor’s capital, but depends only on the number of stage. It is shown that the multi-stage problem can be reduced to a finite number of one-stage optimization problems, which are problems of conic programming. For the one-stage problem, conditions for the non-emptiness of the set of admissible portfolios are given and the Kuhn–Tucker theorem is applied. Additionally, this paper presents a numerical example of finding the optimal investment based on the open data on rates of assert prices of companies on the stock exchange.

Currently, instrumental brain imaging plays a significant role in the examination of patients with cognitive impairment. It is important for diagnostic process, prognosis of the course of neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular and other diseases, clarification of the role of individual brain structures and systems in the development of cognitive and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of the study was to analyze the volumes of the medial temporal lobes (MTL), hippocampus and brain volume in middle-aged patients with pre-mild cognitive decline. Material and methods. 38 patients (33 women, 5 men) of middle age (60.77 ± 9.4 years) were examined. Patients were divided into two groups: with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) – 15 patients, aged 53.5 ± 6.94 years and subtle cognitive decline (StCD) – 23 people aged 63.35 ± 8.64 years (groups statistically did not differ in age). All patients underwent a neuropsychological examination with an assessment of the cognitive sphere, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, including the assessment of the presence and degree of microangiopathy (MAP), morphometry of the medial temporal lobes, hippocampus, brain volume and a study for the presence of the allele of the apolyprotein E gene (ApoE4). Results. A decrease in the average and total hippocampal volume was found in patients with StCD compared to patients with SCD. Also, MAP was significantly more common in patients with StCD. There were no differences in the degree of MTL atrophy. A decrease in the volume of the left hippocampus was revealed in patients with aggravated heredity for dementia. The average and total volume of the hippocampus is reduced in carriers of the ApoE4 allele of the apolyprotein gene. Correlation analysis showed the relationship between the average volume of the hippocampus and the volume of the brain.

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ ПРИ ВЫВОДЕ ИЗ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ОИАЭ С УЧЕТОМ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЯРБВ. В. Бочкарев 1, 2 , Б

The paper presents the structure of the optimal Decision Support System (DSS) for planning, preparing and implementation of nuclear facilities decommissioning. The proposed structure is intended to implement the following DSS functions: modelling of nuclear facilities and decommissioning activities carried out according to various possible decommissioning options; quantitative assessment of a specific set of partial indicators that characterise the possible decommissioning strategies; identifying the preferences of the decision-maker and redacting them to a formalised form (the quantitative restrictions on the values of partial indicators, the weighting functions of significance for partial indicators); identification of the values of the complex indicator which is a measure for optimality of the considered possible decommissioning strategies. Possible decommissioning strategies are described using a set of the following partial indicators: potential radiation hazards, decommissioning costs, duration of the decommissioning stage. The DSS is designed to be used for decommissioning of nuclear facilities in the Russian Federation. However, it can be used for decommissioning of nuclear facilities in other countries after appropriate modifications.

Recently, maximum attention has been drawn to the earliest forms of cognitive deficit - pre-mild cognitive decline (PMCD), which includes subjective (SjCD) and subtle cognitive decline (SCD), being the most promising in cognitive decline prevention.Objective: to assess the influence of genetic and comorbid emotional-affective factors on PMCD in middle-aged patients.Patients and methods. The study included 50 middle-aged people (60.76±9.5 years) with cognitive complaints. All patients underwent a cardiovascular assessment, including: biochemistry blood test (lipid profile, urea, glucose, vitamin В12, folic acid, homocysteine, thyroid hormones), duplex scan of the extracranial arteries, blood assay for АРОЕ4 determination, neuropsychological assessment with quantitative neuropsychological methods, emotional-affective background evaluation. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with morphometry of the hippocampus was performed in 20 patients.Results and discussion. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and changes in laboratory parameters are significantly were more frequent in patients with SCD than patients with SjCD. The neuropsychological assessment showed maximum differences between SjCD and SCD groups in tests that evaluated reaction time (verbal fluency test, trail making test, part A, digit symbol substitution test, and Munsterberg test). Analysis of neuroimaging parameters revealed a smaller volume of the right hippocampus in APOE4 carriers. patients without depression performed significantly better on memory tasks, when depression was included in the analysis. In addition, patients with depression showed a significantly more pronounced degree of cortical atrophy on MRI.Conclusion. Patients with SCD have lower scores in neuropsychological tests than patients with SjCD. In addition, we observed a high significance of cardiovascular and emotional-affective risk factors in the PMCD development, emphasizing the importance of their evaluation and treatment in the management of patients with PMCD.

Much attention is currently paid to non-dementia cognitive impairment, such as mild cognitive impairment and pre-mild cognitive decline (PMCD), since their timely detection and optimal correction increase the possibility of preventing dementia.Objective: to analyze the neuropsychological characteristics of patients with PMCD depending on the presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs): hypertension, cardiac disorders (ischemic heart disease, intracardiac conduction disturbance), and prior stroke and myocardial infarction, as well as diabetes mellitus.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 182 patients (132 women, 50 men; mean age, 59.32±5.41 years) with PMCD and CVFRs, 101 patients (77 women, 24 men; mean age, 59.45±7.04 years) with PMCD without CVRFs, and 77 control persons (55 women, 22 men; mean age, 60.55±5.65 years). All underwent general clinical, neurological, and clinical psychological studies using rating scales and tests.Results and discussion. The patients with PMCD and CVRFs had lower scores on all neuropsychological tests than the control group and on most tests than the patients with PMCD without CVRFs. In addition to some deterioration in memory indicators, the patients with CVRFs performed worse executive function tests. Cluster analysis showed that in the patients with PMCD, the severity of cognitive decline was considerably affected by hypertension, cardiac disorders, and diabetes mellitus; among them, hypertension was of the most significance.Conclusion. The association of cognitive decline with the burden of CVRFs indicates their important role in the deterioration of cognitive functions in PMCD.

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The dramatic changes in education that we face in 2020 and which are the result of the accelerating digital revolution indicate the need to develop new tools for education and training. Leading universities are developing their own Learning Management Systems (LMS) based on information and Internet technologies. However, in higher education there are certain educational tasks in the interdisciplinary field. One of them is the task of successfully developing atomic engineering education. In this article, we present the basic design principles and architecture features of a specific LMS for the development of economic skills for education in the field of nuclear technology.

ОБЪЕМНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ГИППОКАМПОВ ПО ДАННЫМ МР-ВОЛЮМЕТРИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С БОЛЕЗНЬЮ АЛЬЦГЕЙМЕРА

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the population. Difficulties in diagnosing AD have served as an incentive for actively studying different current methods that increase the accuracy of diagnosis of the current neurodegenerative process in this disease. One of these areas is the post-processing of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, by exactly calculating the volume of various anatomical formations, namely MRI morphometry. Objective: to determine the possible relationship between the results of evaluating the higher brain functions and the reduction in the hippocampal volume calculated by MRI morphometry in AD patients with mild and moderate dementia and in healthy controls. Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 41 AD patients aged 70.63±8.38 years with mild and moderate dementia and in healthy individuals. All study participants underwent neuropsychological testing that included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the frontal lobe dysfunction battery (FLDB); immediate and delayed 12-word recall trials (12-word test); Benton's revised visual retention test; test of literal and categorical associations; clock drawing test; and series number test, Part A. MRI was performed on a Siemens Magnetom Skyra 3T MRI scanner. Statistical Parametric Mapping software was used to convert images and the volume of the hippocampus was estimated by FMRIB Software Library. Results and discussion. A statistically significant decrease in hippocampal volumes was established in patients with AD compared with healthy individuals. No statistically significant differences in hippocampal volumes were found in patients with varying degrees of dementia. Patients with mild and moderate dementia differed in all indicators of neuropsychological tests, with exception for the 12-word test and Benton's test. There was a statistically significant correlation of the total volume of the hippocampi with the indicators of MMSE, FLDB, 12- word test, clock drawing test, and test of categorical associations. Conclusion. Hippocampal MRI morphometry in combination with neuropsychological tests is an informative technique in the diagnosis of AD. There is a relationship between the degree of hippocampal atrophy and the neuropsychological characteristics of patients.

The paper proposes a structure of a mathematical model for supporting decision-making on the decommissioning of nuclear power facilities. The proposed structure includes a scheme of analysing the various options for decommissioning nuclear power facilities based on a multi-criteria approach. In particular, along with the usual nuclear decommissioning variants (the green-field site restoration and the disposal of radioactive waste on site), the suggested model allows their optimal combination. The model takes into account the uncertainties in the initial data, including data determined expertly, whose uncertainty is described by fuzzy sets. The mathematical decision support model evaluates a large number of indicators of the nuclear facility to be decommissioned, reducing them to several aggregated criteria. Of those the most significant are the composite indicator of potential hazard and the aggregate financial indicator, taking into account the levels of their uncertainty. The proposed scheme allows finding of the optimal variant for decommissioning a nuclear facility that corresponds to the optimal correlation of criteria characterizing the maintenance of values of nuclear and radiation safety indicators and economic indicators of the decommissioned object of nuclear energy use.

A model of decision-making of high-tech company on the formation of optimal portfolio structure is considered. In selecting a project among several promising, company takes into account the totality of characteristics like the attractiveness, cost, required personnel, the likelihood of successful implementation and others to launch a new multi-stages innovation project. The model is relevant for high-tech and innovative industries that use multi-stage model of production taking into account the uncertainties that arise in the transition between stages. Numerical results of the formation of optimal portfolios are presented.

In the present work the problem of chaotic dynamical processes forecasting are considered if methods of a preliminary filtration are used. Schemes of chaotic dynamical processes forecasting by means of preliminary extraction abnormal, chaotic and trend components and the further application to trend component for forecasting are considered. Extraction trend component on a basis of robust schemes, in particular, new one-sided robust estimation scheme can be carried out by means of robust orthogonal polynomials. The examples showing efficiency of offered schemes of forecasting are presented.