The article examines the state of heating systems in the Murmansk region at the current stage of development. It shows the structure of fuel consumption for generating electricity and heat energy. The main fuels for the Murmansk region are fuel oil and coal. The high transportation component in the cost of coal and fuel oil leads to the need to provide subsidies to heat-generating organizations to compensate for lost revenues. Replacing inefficient fuel oil and coal-fired thermal energy generation with thermal energy production sources using natural gas, electricity, and renewable energy sources will help increase the energy efficiency of thermal energy production and consumption, reduce energy intensity, and mitigate the negative impact on the environment.

The state of the fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Karelia at the present stage of development is considered. The structure of consumption by power plants and boiler houses by fuel types is determined.The energy complex of the republic is energy deficient and depends on imported fuel. The energy system of the region operates as part of the energy system of the Northwest. The structure of installed capacity by types of power plants with grouping by ownership of power companies is given. The main producers of electric energy are hydroelectric power plants. The dynamics of electricity consumption and the structure of electricity consumption by types of economic activity are shown. The main share in the structure of electricity and heat consumption is industrial production. It is planned to create cascades of small hydroelectric power plants for the decentralized energy supply zone. Replacing inefficient diesel power generation with generation based on liquefied natural gas, renewable energy sources and local fuel, which will increase the energy efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources, reduce the energy intensity of manufactured products, and reduce the negative impact on the environment.

The structure of installed capacity by types of power plants of the united power system of the North-West and the regions of the Northern economic region is shown. To reduce the energy intensity of the gross regional product of the Northern regions in the field of energy efficiency improvement, it is necessary to develop distributed energy based on renewable energy sources.

The article discusses the current state of the fuel and energy complex of the Murmansk region. The structure of installed capacity by types of power plants in the Murmansk region was determined, directions were identified, in accordance with the main directions of the implementation of the state policy of the Russian Federation, for the development of the fuel and energy complex and energy infrastructure in the Murmansk region. The areas identified were: the development of energy infrastructure, the replacement of fuel oil heat generation equipment with equipment using liquefied natural gas, renewable energy sources and local fuel. The dynamics of production and consumption of electricity and the structure of electricity consumption by types of economic activity are also determined. The structure of fuel consumption for the generation of electricity and heat energy and the structure of heat energy consumption by forms of ownership are studied. As forms of ownership, such clusters as the population, budget-financed organizations, enterprises and other organizations were considered. The issue of modernization of generating facilities and activities related to cogeneration were considered, in which the implemented modernization projects and sources of combined generation of electric and thermal energy in the Murmansk region were listed. In accordance with the issues studied, an assumption was made about further directions for the development of the regional electric power industry.

This article is devoted to the issue of using simulation modeling to study breaking capacity switches using the MatLab software environment. The basic diagrams of the breaking capacity of high voltage switches are described, a circuit with an oscillatory capacitance discharge, as well as a circuit with an increased breaking current, are proposed. For the proposed circuits, simulation models were compiled and transient graphs were obtained. The corresponding conclusions are drawn.

The efficient consumption of electric power in mining is an important task in power consumption optimization. The use of high-performance drilling rigs requires special attention to the development of energy-saving electric drive for open-cut mining operations. The increase of the efficiency factor and energy performance of a drilling rig is achieved through controlling the electric drive which allows the specific resonance frequency and limiting the current and velocity amplitudes to be regulated. The main idea of the study lies in the application of fuzzy controllers in the systems of automatic control of processes and equipment modes in mining production. The use of fuzzy controllers is aimed at improving the characteristics of PI and PID controllers. The calculations and simulation of transients based on simulation models in the MatLab 7.11 Simulink software package allowed reliable analysis of modes of a swivel head electric drive operation to be carried out. In the course of simulating the transients of swivel head velocity varying with the use of a fuzzy controller, fuzzy variables including mismatch of rotation velocity, mismatch change speed, velocity setting voltage were justified. The analysis allowed for the term-sets of fuzzy variables and the membership functions for each term-set of fuzzy variable to be defined. The simulation results showed that the control time (response) of transients of the swivel head motor torque and current change when using the swivel head velocity control by a fuzzy controller with increasing load depending on the rock hardness decreased by a factor of 2. Implementation of a system of automatic control of swivel head velocity with the application of a fuzzy controller allows drilling rig vibration to be reduced and provided effective protection of the swivel head electric (motor) drive from overload, thus increasing reliability of the equipment, and increasing drilling productivity.

The mining industry is the uttermost energy consumer in economy, owing to the specific nature and variety of process flows included in mineral extraction and primary processing. The energy performance of process flows in the mining industry is determined as functions of adopted physical realization concepts, available mining equipment stock-list and many other factors. In this regard, it is necessary to inter-relate process variables and power levels of process equipment and facilities irrespective of process flows. The power use forecasting using an intelligent forecast system is discussed as a case-study of a processing plant. The consumed power determination model is constructed. The modeling results are proved by instrumental measurements taken in different working conditions. The model defines the influence exerted by various production and engineering factor on the specific energy consumption by a plant or by specific process flows, which offers a framework for the design of integrated and more complex information systems for the production process monitoring at processing plants. The processing plant power consumption simulations using the proposed model can enable the power demand control which is a source of the power system flexibility for a user to manage the power system load. The power demand management is the tool of maintenance and control of the demand and supply balance in the electric energy market, and allows the power system capacity to be adjusted in real time, which enhances the power system reliability. A component of the demand management technology is the mechanism of the price-promoted power use, which means that a user administers its own power demand with a view to the power cost minimization.

The chronology of the development of energy research on the Kola Peninsula, is shown. The main results of fundamental and applied research on the development of ways of effective advancement and functioning of energy systems in the Arctic on a new technological basis in the context of globalization, including the problems of energy security, energy efficiency and rational development of natural energy resources, are presented.

The paper deals with the influence of the type of membership functions of fuzzy variables on transient processes in an electric drive. The membership functions of fuzzy variables of S-shaped type and triangular type are proposed for consideration. To identify the dependencies of the influence of these functions, the article offers simulation modeling in the Matlab software environment, the Simulink application. The system of frequency converter - asynchronous motor (FC-AM) was chosen as the considered control system. Transient processes in the considered system with various types of membership functions are shown. The results of the work are summarized in the conclusions.

This work is devoted to the topical issue of researching the throughput of nonlinear surge suppressors. The article discusses various options for test installations and offers simulation models. The MatLab environment, the Simulink simulation application, was chosen as the simulation software environment. The impulse current curve was calculated, after which the tests of nonlinear arresters using rectangular pulses were carried out. The simulation results of installations for operating tests of the surge arrester were compared with the real indicators of laboratory studies for arresters of the OPNp-110 UHL1 brand.

Основными направлениями энергетического перехода от традиционной организации энергосистем к новой архитектуре электроэнергетики, которая будет основана на принципах децентрализации управления и обеспечения свободного обмена энергией между субъектами рынка электроэнергетики, являются технологии распределенной энергетики (распределенная генерация, управление спросом, управление энергоэффективностью, локальные энергосистемы, распределенные системы хранения энергии

This article considers a pressing issue to be addressed by those responsible for the energy efficiency management in the Arctic Regions of the Russian Federation. It presents examples of successful solutions to related problems that can be used by energy efficiency program developers in specific regions. This article reviews the introduction indicators for energy-efficient technologies and the specific consumption values for thermal energy. The monitoring of energy-saving and improvement of energy efficiency across the economic sectors is performed using the specific consumption values of fuel and energy resources. The main causes of the excessive consumption of thermal energy include the maladjustment of heating systems, excessive consumption of hot water in hot water supply systems, low heat-proof properties of the structural surfaces of buildings, and heat losses during heat carrier transport due to the low quality of pipeline insulation.

The determining value of the Kola NPP in the structure of the Kola electric power system is shown. The mutually complementary operation of the 1,760 MW KAES with seventeen hydroelectric power stations with a capacity of about 1,600 MW and two 240 MW thermal power plants makes the region's power supply system unique, producing the cheapest electricity in the North-West of Russia. The issues related to the further extension of the operating life of the existing nuclear power plant and the construction of theKola NPP-2 in the future are considered.

Determination of energy characteristics of energy-intensive consumers of the mining industry in modern conditions is an urgent task. This is especially important for optimizing power consumption in production conditions when changing a variety of mining and technological factors, most of which are currently not taken into account in the analysis of energy consumption. On the basis of experimental data, in terms of production and processing production show based on the power consumption of the mill motor when working on the ores of different composition and loading of the mill and depending on the specific energy consumption of the production mills and processing factories. At present, the rationalization of power consumption by energy-intensive mills of concentrating production does not take into account the influence of the constant component of electricity consumption. The use of the results of the study on the basis of experimental measurements in the monitoring of energy technology indicators will allow to assess the degree of influence of factors on the consumption of electric energy. The change of power electric motor of the mill depends from loading of balls and ore showed of experimental measurements. The analysis of the measured parameters of the mill's electricity shows that when the balls are loaded, the engine power increases, but at the same time the optimal ore productivity is established. The dependence of the power consumption of the electric motor of the mill when working on ores of different composition and on the loading of the mill is shown. The obtained dependences of the specific power consumption of mills allow to plan the power consumption, taking into account the range of ore processing changes.

Efficiency advancement in the power generation sector in the Arctic area requires technical and economic analysis of the centralized and independent power supply performance based on the forecast of consumption of fuel and power resources.The backbone of the Murmansk Region economy is the primary industry, including its most power-hungry branches of ferrous metallurgy, nonferrous metallurgy and mining-and-chemical industry.Reliable power supply is critical for the efficient economic performance of the Murmansk Region.To this effect, it is required to adhere to energy-saving, to change to a new power network architecture with distributed power generation, digitalization and intellectualization of power supply, as well as to expand distributed power generation in the energy budget with active participation of consumers in the power demand management.Integration of distributed power generation from renewable energy sources toward sustainable advance and performance of the power network needs a sound concept of virtual power plants, aimed to incorporate generation sources, energy storages and energy consumers.Virtual power plants are to administer power system capacity distribution, voltage adjustment, and wattless power and frequency drift control in the power system upon variation in power consumption.This article describes the Kola power system diagram, history of power consumption in the Murmansk Region and the change in the fuel-and-energy budget structure with development of the regional mining industry.

The article tells the story of the creation of the Nizhne-Tulomskaya hydroelectric power station (HPP). The main energy parameters of the hydroelectric power station, the layoutof the main structures of the station, and archival photos of the construction time are given. Data on the production and consumption of electricity for own needs, the cost of 1 kW·h during the great Patriotic war are shown. It is told about the reconstruction and current state of the station.

Sodium liquid glass silicate compositions modified with boron cluster anions [B10Cl10](2-) or [B10H10](2-) or SiO2 nanoparticles have been studied. It is shown that in the silicate matrix, the presence of the polyhedral anions results in nanoscale supramolecular structures formed due to their interaction with silanol groups of silicates. In the range of 20-600 degrees C, the TMA method is used to study the formation of supramolecular associates, as well as the deformation stability of the modified silicate matrix and the softening temperature of the modified polysilicates formed upon thermal exposure. (C) 2019 SECV. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.