Objective. To identify characteristic clinical and anamnestic features in patients with various proliferative endometrial diseases. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted involving 176 patients diagnosed with endometrial polyp (EP, n=58), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH, n=52), endometrial hyperplasia with atypia (EHA, n=24), and endometrial cancer (EC, n=42). Data were analyzed based on medical history, clinical presentation, gynecological status, and somatic health. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ² test, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results. The mean age of patients progressively increased across the groups: EP (45.3±0.9 years) → EH (46.6±1.2 years) → EHA (53.8±2.5 years) → EC (67.7±1.7 years). Heavy menstrual bleeding was noted in patients with EP (60.4%), while abnormal uterine bleeding was typical for EH (46.2%), and postmenopausal bleeding was predominant in EC (85.7%). In patients with EHA, a notable association was observed with multiple intrauterine interventions (75%), alongside high rates of infertility (12.5%) and recurrent miscarriage (8.4%). Women with EP more frequently presented with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (24.1%) and anemia (39.7%); those with EH had a higher incidence of functional ovarian cysts (44.2%) and varicose veins of the lower extremities (21.1%); patients with EHA commonly exhibited obesity (37.5%) and gastrointestinal diseases (37.5%); and individuals with EC frequently had cardiovascular diseases (88.1%) and obesity (26.2%). Conclusion. Statistically significant differences were identified in the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of women with proliferative endometrial diseases. The key markers include the patient's age and the type of uterine bleeding.

Introduction. Breast cancer is a prevalent and socially significant disease affecting the female reproductive system. The incidence of breast cancer continues to rise globally, making early diagnosis crucial for preserving women's life and work capacity. Aim. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of breast cancer in Novokuznetsk city by age from 2011 to 2020 and identify high-risk areas for disease progression. Study Design and Methods. Using the licensed analytical package IBM SPSS Statistics-19 and data from the Kuzbass Clinical Oncological Dispensary, statistical analyses including estimation of median values, quartiles, Kendall's Tau correlation, and Mann-Whitney U test were conducted. Results. The results revealed a statistically significant increase in the absolute and relative (per 100,000 population) rates of breast cancer among female residents of Novokuznetsk from 2011 to 2020. Specifically, women aged 60-64 and 65-69 were identified as high-risk groups for breast cancer. Conclusion. In conclusion, women aged 60-69 are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis for preserving women's health and well-being.

Introduction. In Russia, oncology is the leading cause of mortality for women aged 16-54 years. Among female genital tract malignancies, endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most common. Research aim. This study aimed to determine the incidence of EC in Novokuznetsk, as well as to analyze its incidence in the Kemerovo region and in Russia. Materials and Methods. Data from the Kuzbass Clinical Oncological Dispensary for 2008-2020 and the National Medical Research Center for Radiology for 2004-2021 were used for the analysis. Statistical methods such as determination of median values, upper and lower quartiles, Kendall's tau correlation method (Ʈ), and Mann-Whitney test (U) were employed using the IBM SPSS Statistics-19 license package. Results. The results showed that over the past 18 years in Russia, the number of EC cases has increased by 62.5%, with a 57.9% increase in incidence rate and a 72.8% increase in prevalence. However, despite the impact of anthropogenic factors, Novokuznetsk had lower incidence and mortality rates than both the Kemerovo region and Russia. The age group with the highest risk of EC in Novokuznetsk was women aged 65-69 years. Conclusion. These findings are crucial in the development and improvement of programs for gynecological and oncological care, screening options, preventive examinations, and medical examinations.

Aim. To determine the clinical, anamnestic, and immunological predictors of adenomyosis by developing a prognostic model of uterine fibroids with concomitant adenomyosis. Materials and methods. A retrospective single-center study was conducted at Kurbatov Novokuznetsk City Clinical Hospital №1, from 2012 to 2019. The model included 284 women with histologically confirmed uterine fibroids, of which 34.9% (99/284) were fibroids with adenomyosis and 65.1% (185/284) were isolated uterine fibroids. Logistic regression was used to develop the mathematical model. Results. Predictors of adenomyosis in patients with uterine fibroids have been established: age 43 years and older, concomitant endometrial hyperplasia, chronic inflammatory diseases of the cervix, menometrorrhagia, history of childbirth, history of endometrial disorders, varicose veins of the lower extremities, history of appendectomy, blood serum lactoferrin of more than 1.8 mg/L, interleukin-6 levels more than 2.8 pg/mL. The model has an accuracy of 91%, a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value of 85%, and a negative predictive value of 94%. Conclusion. The established predictors of adenomyosis allow for predicting the risk of adenomyosis in patients with uterine fibroids, facilitating effective treatment choices.

В статье представлен анализ данных за последние 70 лет, вошедших в базу данных PubMed, о гиперплазии эндометрия (ГПЭ), которая занимает ведущие позиции в структуре гинекологических заболеваний и является основным фактором риска злокачественного новообразования эндометрия – рака эндометрия (РЭ). Отражена хроника классификации ГПЭ с акцентом на изменении в динамике обозначения и актуальности аденоматозной ГПЭ. Показано, как действующая классификация ГПЭ, благодаря тому что спектр синонимов ограничен двумя вариантами, позволяет максимально повысить воспроизводимость диагноза, улучшить взаимодействие акушера-гинеколога с патологоанатомом и снизить долю неэффективного лечения. Результаты последних исследований о распространенности и факторах риска ГПЭ и РЭ отличаются от ранее принятых и разрушают «триаду Бохмана», конкретизированы риски развития ГПЭ при приеме тамоксифена и нюансах менопаузальной гормональной терапии. Обозначены результаты исследований, направленных на диагностику ГПЭ и РЭ. Представленные в обзоре различия в этиопатогенезе, распространенности, диагностике, факторах риска развития и прогрессирования в злокачественный процесс представляют 2 вида ГПЭ (без атипии и с атипией) как абсолютно разные заболевания эндометрия, объединенные в одну классификацию.

The article analyzes and presents data for the last 70 years from the PubMed database on endometrial hyperplasia (EH), which is one of the leaders in the structure of gynecological diseases and the main predictor of endometrial cancer (EC). The chronicle of the EH classification is highlighted with a focus on changing the designation and relevance of adenomatous EH. It is shown how the current classification of EH, due to the fact that a large number of synonyms is limited by two options, allows to maximize the reproducibility of the diagnosis, improve the interaction of the obstetrician-gynecologist with the pathologist and reduce the treatment inefficiency. The results of modern studies on the prevalence and risk factors of EH and EC differ from previously accepted ones and destroy the Bohman triad. The risks of EH development with tamoxifen and menopausal hormone therapy are determined. The data of current research methods aimed at the diagnosis of EH and EC are indicated. The differences in etiopathogenesis, prevalence, diagnosis, risk factors for development and progression to the malignant process presented in the review represent two types of EH (without atypia and with atypia) as completely different endometrial diseases included in the same classification.

Objective — to study the blood levels of some cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and their synthesis-modulating lactoferrin (LF) and α 2 -macroglobulin (α 2 -MG) in women with uterine myoma, adenomyosis, and their concurrence to assess their possible role in the pathogenesis of proliferative uterine diseases. Subject and methods. The serum levels of some cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8), VEGF, and their synthesis-modulating proteins (LF and α2-MG) in 14 women with myoma of the corpus uteri, in 10 with adenomyosis, and in 17 with a concurrence of myoma and adenomyosis were studied. A control group consisted of 25 apparently healthy women. Results. A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay and a quantitative rocket immunoelectrophoretic assay were used in the investigation. There were significantly increased cytokine levels and decreased α 2 -MG concentrations in monoabnormality; the levels of IL-8 and VEGF were particularly high in adenomyosis and myoma, respectively. LF levels were increased in myoma only. The patients with comorbidity (uterine myoma and adenomyosis) had the same changes in the cytokine profile and LF levels as those with uterine myoma, and those in the concentration of VEGF were seen in the patients with adenomyosis. However, the content of α2-MG and IL-6 in patients with a concurrence of myoma and andometriosis differed from that in monoabnormality. Conclusion. Thus, with the similarities in the site and clinical manifestations of the diseases, the changes in the cytokine profile and the levels of the immunomodulatory proteins differ in adenomyosis and myoma and there are a number of characteristic dissimilarities in the presence of the comorbidity, suggesting severer defects in the immune system. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.