Modern needs when forming key technologies for the creation of high-speed mainline aircraft can be divided into following seven groups covering the basic technical aspects: ensuring an acceptable level of acoustic impact while simultaneously ensuring the required aerodynamic efficiency by creating an integrated construction arrangement of the aircraft; ensuring the target fuel efficiency of the power plant and permissible harmful emissions at supersonic airspeeds while meeting the requirements by noise level at take-off and landing modes; ensuring the target values of the weight and resource efficiency of the aircraft structure while ensuring the required rigidity and aeroelasticity; ensuring reliable stability and controllability in all flight modes; increasing the reliability and functionality of the onboard equipment and systems under kinetic heating conditions; improving the efficiency of onboard systems based on more effective electric aircraft technologies; participating in the creation of international requirements and standards for certification and the operation of new generation aircraft.

During the formation of world aviation, the personal factor was of great importance. History preserves the names of aviation pioneers who tried to realize the dream of human flight. Especially significant today is the origin and development of mechanical (aerodynamic) flight methods. And the role of scientists who have laid the knowledge base on the flight of fixed-wing aircraft (airplanes) is paramount here. We know and remember those whom success has not spared. But hundreds of crashed and ruined, but not conquered aircraft designers still remain in the shadow of history. Therefore, research is still relevant about those whom we should still consider the first, and about those who repeated and improved the principles of human flight on heavier-than-air vehicles.

The authors take the aviation industry as an example and the positive changes it has undergone since the standardisation reform. The aviation industry standardization programme for 2016 - 2020 is the main prospective standardization programme for the aviation industry. Under the current legislation in the Russian Federation in the field of standardization the creation and maintenance of an up-to-date fund of normative and technical documents is a powerful tool for the development of the aviation industry as one of the key high-tech and most knowledge-intensive sectors of the domestic economy, which is among the priority areas of the state industrial policy and import substitution policy.

When designing aircraft for agriculture, all calculations are carried out for the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions, which makes it possible to compare the results of calculations and flight tests of several aircraft conducted in different climatic zones by recalculating the test results to the parameters of the International Standard Atmosphere, “placing” all aircraft in the same conditions - ISA conditions. Historically, the materials for the development of international standards in the field of ISA were developed in the USSR and formed the basis of international standards ISO, which in turn became the basis of documents ICAO 7488/3 of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and subsequently became state documents on standardisation identical to international standards ISO. The above works were carried out within the framework of the international technical subcommittee on standardisation ISO/TC 20/SC 6 “standard atmosphere”, formed in 1980 as part of the international standardisation body ISO/TC 20/SC 6 “standard atmosphere”. Standardisation is the basis for the unity of measurements. In the Russian Federation, the technical committee on standardisation TC 484 “Standard Atmosphere” was established. The developed model of the International Standard Atmosphere allows us to compare the results of calculations and flight tests of several aircrafts conducted in different climatic zones by recalculating the test results to the parameters of the International Standard Atmosphere, “placing” all aircrafts in the same conditions - ISA conditions. With the development of aviation and space technology, the list of atmospheric parameters subject to normalisation and standardisation is expanding.

A characteristic feature of the period of formation of aviation is the personal factor. Wie names of famous aircraft designers have remained in the history of domestic and world aviation. As the complexity of the aircraft and the number of projects increased, the number of design bureaus grew. Teams, collectives, corporations of many thousands come to the fore. Wie strengthening of power contributes to the emergence of new projects. CALS technologies make it possible to implement the “world without borders” principle, accumulating advanced achievements in knowledge-intensive industries.

The current trends in the social and economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the need of the regional economic diversification and attracting investment in the context of budget and sanction restrictions define the relevance to search for the new effective approaches to the management of the region. The article analyzes the existing methods of Russian state policy in the Arctic on the basis of the strategic planning system of the Russian Federation, reveals major problems in the current system of public administration of the region. In the present context, the task of adaptation to negative economic trends in the economies of the Russian Arctic regions, the state support for specific projects for the development of territories and water areas of the region acquire special significance. However, at present no united approaches have been developed to provide the state support for investment projects implemented in the Russian Arctic. The formation of support zones in the Arctic can solve this problem, which in the future should ensure a multiplicative effect not only for the Arctic, but also for the surrounding territories. The article presents a brief overview of the key normative legal documents defining the primary objectives of the region development, tools and results of their implementation. Findings on the problems in the region management are given. In the final section, a new approach to the administration of the Russian Arctic is considered, which is based on the development of support zones. The authors propose the principles and directions of their formation.

The article discusses the results of applying in Antarctica an original technique for estimating albedo from photogrammetric data and exposure parameters by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The complexities of the photogrammetric observations under extreme conditions are considered. Conclusions are drawn on ways to improve the recording equipment and the direction of improving the technique for calculating albedo values based on photogrammetric materials and metadata.

In the first half of the 20th century due to the changed economic conditions, growing interest of foreign countries and their corporate sector in the Arctic, the implementation of large-scale investment projects in mining and processing of minerals, the use of transport routes in the Russian Arctic, the issue of human resources provision is becoming more topical. The paper presents the requirement analysis of college-educated labor resources in the sub-federal units of the Russian Arctic in the current (until 2020) and medium-term (until 2022) perspective using sociological and analytical methods. Highly qualified personnel and their advanced technical solutions are considered as the main conditions for the adaptation of Arctic communities and economic systems to environmental changes and new requirements of world technological paradigms. The study results can be recommended for the federal and regional executive authorities for formulating policy in the academic space management, targeted college-educated personnel training for the real sector of economy of the Russian Arctic. The paper can be useful for enterprises operating in the Arctic macro-region, for developing a system for monitoring and evaluating staffing needs and introducing such a system into the management of the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of Russia.

We developed and tested the method for determining the surface albedo using photorecording devices and solar radiation equipment. Our method is based on the utilization of commercially available measurement equipment, which allows us to correctly estimate the albedo, reducing the time spent on data collection. The calculated exposure data, parameters of the lens and photorecording devices affecting the exposure, and data on capture parameters are taken into account in the analysis of the collected photographic data to calculate the brightness of the scene. The brightness is normalized to exclude the impact of exposure metering errors. Albedo is represented as a function of the measured total solar radiation and the normalized luminance. The theoretical basics of the developed method and the results of field tests have been considered. We concluded based on the obtained results on the possibility of using the method, its further improvement and its use to collect field data.

A technique is developed to determine the homogeneity of the structure in a surface layer subjected to strain hardening. Static pulsed treatment is found to be one of the most effective surface plastic deformation methods that can be used to control the uniformity of hardening a surface layer. This treatment makes it possible to create a hardened surface layer to a depth of 10 mm with a homogeneous or heterogeneous structure.