Patients with microtia undergoing ear reconstruction with costal cartilage harvest often experience significant postoperative chest pain. The efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided superficial serratus anterior plane block (SSAPB) in pediatric patients remain unclear. In this randomized controlled trial, sixty children were randomized to SSAPB or incision infiltration anesthesia (IA) (30 ml of 0.25

Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and parasternal block (PSB) are used in multimodal analgesia strategies to improve postoperative comfort and recovery. Their combined effectiveness for pediatric auricular reconstruction (AR) patients needs clarification. A study was conducted on 100 children aged 8 to 12 undergoing autologous rib cartilage transplant in AR. Subjects were randomized into two groups: the ultrasound (US)-directed SAPB plus modified PSB group (SAPB+PSB group) and the US-guided SAPB alone group (SAPB group). The primary outcome was the 24 h postoperative Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score. The secondary endpoints were pain scores, surgical field bleeding scores, sufentanil consumption within 24 h post-surgery, the time to first ambulation, and incidence of complications. The SAPB+PSB group demonstrated significantly higher scores in physical comfort, emotional status, and pain aspects on the QoR-15 scale compared to the SAPB group, the difference was significant (P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of psychological support and physical independence (P > 0.05). The total QoR-15 score was augmented among SAPB+PSB versus SAPB participants (P < 0.001). At 12 h, the SAPB+PSB group reported lower NRS scores than the SAPB group during rest (P < 0.001) and cough (P = 0.014). The sufentanil consumption at 24 h was substantially diminished among SAPB+PSB recipients (P < 0.001), and the time to first ambulation was shorter relative to the SAPB recipients, and the different was significant (P < 0.001). US-guided SAPB combined with modified PSB significantly enhances postoperative recovery quality in pediatric patients undergoing AR, effectively improving postoperative comfort and facilitating recovery. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

BACKGROUND:Dexmedetomidine (Dex) as a local anesthesia adjuvant for nerve block procedures can improve the quality of patient recovery. However, the impact of using Dex as a local anesthetic adjuvant for serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) procedures on recovery quality for children undergoing ear reconstruction remains unclear. METHODS:Eighty-four patients who underwent ear reconstruction with autogenous costal cartilage (ACC) were randomized into two groups (n = 42/group) in which SAPB was performed with ropivacaine alone (R group) and with Dex and ropivacaine (DR group). Primary outcomes were patient 15-item quality of recovery (QoR-15) scale scores on days 1 and 2 post-surgery. Secondary outcomes included postoperative rest and coughing numerical rating scale (NRS) chest pain scores, duration of analgesia, oral rescue analgesic usage, and opioid-related side effects. RESULTS:Forty patients per group completed the study. QoR-15 scores on days 1 and 2 post-surgery in the DR group were significantly increased relative to the R group (126.35 ± 9.81 vs. 115.53 ± 8.58 and 131.78 ± 8.67 vs. 122.80 ± 8.59, all P < 0.001). Rest and coughing NRS chest pain scores at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h postoperatively in the DR group were all significantly lower relative to the R group (all P < 0.05). The DR group also exhibited significantly longer analgesic duration (P < 0.001) and significantly reduced incidences of oral rescue analgesic usage and opioid-related side effect (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Combining Dex and ropivacaine for SAPB in children undergoing ear reconstruction with ACC can significantly improve the quality of recovery, quality of analgesia, and analgesic duration.

OBJECTIVE:To study the efficacy of ultrasound-guided parasternal block (US-PSI) in pediatric patients undergoing auricular reconstruction surgery.METHODS:For this study, the authors recruited 60 children between the ages of 5 and 12 years who underwent auricular reconstruction with autologous costal cartilage (ACC) to correct microtia. They were randomized to receive either ultrasound-guided modified parasternal block or periprostatic local infiltration anesthesia (PLIA), with 30 cases in each group. Ultrasound-guided parasternal block was administered following anesthesia induction, whereas PLIA was administered after ACC harvest. Lastly, following surgery, all children were provided with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with sufentanil, and the numeric pain rating scale (NRS) was used to assess the intensity of pain. Our primary outcomes were the resting NRS pain scores and the NRS scores upon coughing at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postsurgery. Sufentanil consumption within the first 24 hours of surgery, the mean duration to first ambulation, and the usage of rescue analgesics were our secondary outcomes. The authors also recorded the occurrence of undesirable side effects as well as more serious side effects like pneumothorax.RESULTS:Pediatric patients who were administered US-PSI showed significantly reduced NRS chest pain scores at 6 and 12 hours postsurgery compared to those who received PLIA (P<0.05). In addition, sufentanil consumption within the first 24 hours postsurgery, duration to first ambulation, and use of rescue analgesics were significantly lower among patients in the US-PSI group when compared to those in the PLIA group (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:This study found that US-PSI was a highly efficacious and safe technique for postsurgical analgesia following auricular reconstruction with ACC in pediatric patients.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level II, therapeutic study.

Purpose Pain following costal cartilage harvest surgery is the most common complaint of auricular reconstruction (AR). Anesthesiologists are continuously searching for an effective postoperative pain control method. Methods This study was conducted from 10 April 2022 to 10 June 2022. Sixty children undergoing AR using costal cartilage were randomly assigned to either a serratus anterior plane block performed before costal cartilage harvest (SAPB-pre-cohort; n = 30) or the SAPB-post-cohort (Post-costal cartilage Harvest Cohort: n = 30). The primary endpoint measures were the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores of the chest and ear pain degrees recorded at 1-, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 48-h after surgery. Intraoperative anesthetic and analgesic dosages, sufentanil consumption and rescue analgesia consumption during the first 24 h post-operation, cough score during extubation, extubation agitation score, length of stay, the extubation time, first ambulatory time, analgesia duration, and opioid-related adverse effects and SAPB-related adverse effects were the secondary endpoints. Results The rest and coughing NRS scores were significantly reduced in the SAPB-pre-cohort 6 and 12 h post-operation in comparison with the SAPB-post-cohort (rest 6 h p = 0.002, others p < 0.001). No significant difference in the NRS ear scores existed between the two cohorts ( p > 0.05). The use of propofol and remifentanil for general anesthesia during the SAPB-pre-procedure was significantly reduced compared to the SAPB-post-group, with statistical significance ( p < 0.001). Sufentanil consumption and rescue analgesia consumption were significantly reduced in the SAPB-pre-cohort ( p = 0.001, p = 0.033). The extubation time and first ambulatory time were markedly shorter in the SAPB-pre-cohort (all p < 0.001). Analgesia duration was markedly longer in the SAPB-pre-cohort ( p < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the cough score during extubation, extubation agitation score, length of stay between the two cohorts (all p > 0.05). Opioid-related adverse effects occurred more in the SAPB-post-cohort, while there was no statistical significance (16.7 vs. 36.7%; p = 0.082). There were no blockade-related complications observed in either cohort. Conclusion The analgesic effect of the SAPB-pre-cohort was better than the SAPB-post-cohort suggesting both efficacy and feasibility of preemptive analgesia. Level of Evidence II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Objective:To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) on hemodynamics in children with microtia undergoing auricular reconstruction.Methods:This research was a prospective randomized control study. Patients were prospectively recruited from March 2022 to July 2022 at the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Children with microtia undergoing auricular reconstruction with costal cartilage were randomly included in either a SAPB-pre group(SAPB pre-rib harvest group) or a SAPB-post group(SAPB post-rib harvest group). Both groups of children were anesthetized with combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia. Anesthesia maintenance was provided with i. v. propofol 4-6 mg·kg -1·h -1 and remifentanil 0.1-0.3 μg·kg -1·min -1, sevoflurane at 1% concentration, and a flow rate of 2.5 L/min. During the operation, bispectral index(BIS) was maintained between 40-60, and alterations in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were <20%, compared to the basic values. During the operation, 1% sevoflurane was inhaled to maintain anesthesia. The fluctuation of BIS, MAP, and HR was adjusted by the intraoperative infusion of remifentanil and propofol. Ultrasound-guided SAPB in the SAPB-pre group was performed by an anesthesiologist after tracheal intubation of general anesthesia. In the SAPB-post group, ultrasound-guided SAPB was performed by the same anesthesiologist before the tracheal catheter was removed at the end of the operation, and the concentration of ropivacaine was 0.25% (3 mg/kg). MAP, HR, and BIS were recorded at each time point of admission, pre-rib harvest, during-rib harvest, post-rib harvest, anesthesia extubation, leaving the room. The consumptions of propofol and remifentanil during the operation were also recorded. Continuous data were presented as Mean±SD. Non-repeated measurement parametric variables were compared using the independent samples t-test. Repeated measurement parametric variables were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The same data at varying time points were compared using Dunnett- t test of multiple comparison procedures. Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test. Results:Sixty children were randomized to SAPB-pre group and SAPB-post group and 30 in each group. The data of gender (boy 22/ girl 8 vs. boy 23/ girl 7), age[(8.03±1.07)years vs. (8.33±1.16)years], body mass index [(17.46±2.79)kg/m 2 vs. (17.23±2.11)kg/m 2], operation time[(185.33±16.29)min vs. (190.00±16.50)min] and length of costocartilage[(23.13±1.46)cm vs. (23.63±1.27)cm] between the two groups showed no significant differences ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in MAP, HR and BIS values at the time of pre-rib harvest, during-rib harvest, and post-rib harvest in the SAPB-pre group ( P>0.05). In the SAPB-post group, the fluctuations of MAP, HR and BIS values at the time of pre-rib harvest, during-rib harvest and post-rib harvest were obvious ( P<0.01). The consumptions of propofol and remifentanil during the operation in the SAPB-pre group were significantly less than that in the SAPB-post group[(555.67±150.90)mg vs. (788.50±191.02)mg, P<0.01; (745.33±183.56)μg vs. (1 080.00±247.26)μg, P<0.01]. Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block can stabilize the hemodynamics during auricular reconstruction using costal cartilage and reduce the consumption of general anesthetic.

Purpose: Dexmedetomidine exerts a sedative effect by promoting the sleep pathway endogenously and producing a state similar to N2 sleep. This study aimed to study the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine nasal spray in the treatment of postoperative sleep disturbance.Methods: This study enrolled 120 participants [men and women; age, 18–40 years; American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, I or II] who underwent maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia through nasotracheal intubation. The participants were randomly divided into three groups: blank control group (BC group), 1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine group (1.0 Dex group), and 1.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine group (1.5 Dex group), with 40 patients allocated to each group. At 21:30 on the night after the operation, the intervention groups were administered their corresponding doses of dexmedetomidine nasal spray. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to evaluate the baseline sleep status of participants 1 month preoperatively and on the night after the operation. Polysomnography (PSG) was used to record the sleep status on the night after the operation. We recorded the rescue times of sedative and analgesic drugs on the first night after surgery, adverse reactions, total hospital stay duration, and total costs.Results: Compared with patients in the BC group, those in 1.0 Dex and 1.5 Dex groups had longer N2 sleep duration, were awake for a shorter time after dose administration, woke up less often, and had significantly improved sleep efficiency (p < 0.05). Compared with the BC group, the PSQI scores of 1.0 Dex and 1.5 Dex groups were significantly lower on the night after operation, and the proportion of PSQI > 5 was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Compared with patients in the BC group and the 1.0 Dex group, those in the 1.5 Dex group had significantly prolonged N3 sleep, reduced frequency of requiring sufentanil rescue, lower incidence of sore throat after surgery, and shorter average length of hospital stay (all, p < 0.05).Conclusion: The sleep quality of participants on the night after having undergone maxillofacial surgery was safely and effectively improved by 1.0–1.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine atomized nasal sprays. Notably, only the latter could prolong N3 sleep. Level of Evidence II: Evidence was obtained from at least one properly designed randomized controlled trial.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the urgency and emphasis transformation of domestic medical device scientific and technological achievements has been highlighted, and the medical device production is serious need of a comprehensive and effective model for the conversion of scientific and technological achievements. The method of literature statistics was used in this research, and CiteSpace was used as an analysis tool to analyze the literature on the transformation of medical device scientific and technological achievements in the past two decades. The results were visualized and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the globalization index KOF and the patent conversion rate in this field from 2009 to 2019. With the keyword “industry-academiaresearch” as the center of the intermediary centrality of 0.44, the current research hotspot is “medical-industrial intersection”, and the future will shift to medical colleges and universities, medical institutions, innovation and talent training, and their prominence intensities were 1.73, 1.88, 1.62, 1.73, and 1.73, respectively. The Pearson correlation between globalization and patent conversion rate in this field was 0.858 with strong correlation. To promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, it is necessary to pay attention to the cultivation of talents in medical colleges and universities, to establish a bridge between schools,hospitals and enterprises, and to follow the trend of globalization. This paper analyzes the hot spots of research in related fields and brings some guidance to the transformation of medical device achievements.

Background Rhinoplasty with autologous costal cartilage (ACC) is followed by severe pain in the chest. Ultrasound-guided (USG) serratus anterior plane block (SAPB), in combination with parasternal block (PSB), was earlier reported to be highly efficacious in relieving pain associated with thoracic anterior lateral surgery. However, it is unclear whether it is effective for pain relief after ACC harvest. Methods Sixty-four patients, aged 18 to 60, who received rhinoplasty with ACC, were randomly separated into a SAPB+PSB or SAPB group. The analyzed parameters of both groups included the rest and coughing numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores of the chest and the NRS pain scores of the nose at postoperative 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours, oral rescue analgesic usage, side effect incidence and patient satisfaction, etc. Results Thirty patients per group were recruited for analysis. The rest and coughing NRS scores of the chest and the NRS scores of the nose at postoperative 2, 4, 8, 12 h were lower in the SAPB+PSB group, compared to the SAPB group (all P < 0.05). However, these scores were comparable between the two groups at postoperative 24 and 48 h (all P > 0.05). Additionally, relative to the SAPB group, the oral rescue analgesic usage was drastically lower ( P < 0.05), the postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) incidence was diminished ( P < 0.05), and the patient satisfaction was markedly higher ( P < 0.001) in the SAPB+PSB group. Conclusion USG-SAPB, in combination with improved PSB, is superior to SAPB alone in relieving pain after ACC harvest in rhinoplasty. Level of Evidence II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Objective To understand the current status of Chinese medical researchers' knowledge regarding the ethical norms of the research involving humans or laboratory animals,and provide reference for further improving the ethics review norms. Methods The questionnaire method was employed to survey the applicants for the 2019 projects supported by the Department of Medical Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) about their knowledge of ethical requirements.Furthermore,the ethical supervision of the NSFC and affiliations at the project application and implementation stages was analyzed. Results The survey showed that 29.9% medical researchers were familiar with NSFC's ethical requirements for research involving human or laboratory animals.During the project application stage,59.0% affiliations adopted the simplified review method.Regarding the ethical supervison,95.5% medical researchers believed that the affiliations should fulfill the ethical supervision obligations and take relevant measures during the project implementation period.In addition,55.0% medical researchers fully agreed to discuss with the review experts about the ethical issues involved in the project. Conclusions The NSFC should establish rules and regulations to improve institutional management responsibilities and institutionalize the training about research ethics to comprehensively strengthening the training.Taking the management of research project ethics as a starting point,the NSFC should form a multi-party linkage between project funding and management and establish an accountability mechanism for ethics management.Furthermore,the NSFC should double the endeavors at the review of ethical issues during expert review and process management and attach importance to the research,judgment,and prevention of ethical risks.

有效的疫苗作为应对传染病大流行的重要工具,在公共卫生中作出了重大贡献.为应对新发传染病流行,需要研发新的疫苗,但在传染病大流行的紧急公共卫生危机情况下,疫苗临床试验面临着重要的伦理挑战.如果尚不存在已证明安全有效的疫苗,处在均衡状态的多种有希望的候选疫苗,应在随机对照试验中进行验证.即使存在已证明安全有效获准使用的疫苗,基于效力、反应原性、运输储存等方面的考虑可能也需要研发新的疫苗.人体挑战试验必须在受试者个人风险处在可接受的界限之内的前提之下,平衡期望的社会受益.应采取措施避免"预防误解"风险.

Costal cartilages harvest for ear reconstruction is accompanied by severe pain in chest. However, there is no perfect solution for reducing this chest pain. Evaluate the efficacy and safety of analgesia using ultrasound-guided bilateral serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) in children receiving costal cartilage harvest for ear reconstruction. Sixty children undergoing ear reconstruction using costal cartilage were randomized to an SAPB group (SAPB with 3 mg/kg 0.25% ropivacaine) or an incision infiltration (II) group (II with 3 mg/kg 0.75% ropivacaine), and 29 in each group completed the study. All children received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). The primary outcomes were numerical rating scale (NRS) scores of pain while rest and coughing at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. The secondary outcomes were sufentanil use within 24 h, duration of analgesia, use of oral rescue analgesics, first time out of bed, and incidence of treatment-related adverse effects. The SAPB group had lower rest and coughing NRS scores at 6 and 12 h after surgery (all P < 0.001), but the scores were similar at other times. The SAPB group used less sufentanil within 24 h, but had a longer duration of analgesia (both P < 0.001). The II group used more oral rescue analgesics within 48 h, had a longer time until first time out of bed, and had more opioid-related side effects (all P < 0.01). There were no SAPB-related complications. Ultrasound-guided SAPB can provide safe and effective regional pain relief after costal cartilage harvest for ear reconstruction. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://www.springer.com/00266 .

目的 观察右美托咪定经鼻喷雾治疗术后睡眠障碍的临床效果.方法 选择全麻气管插管下行颌面外科手术患者78例,男12例,女66例,年龄18～40岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级.将患者随机分为两组:对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组),每组39例.术后当天21:30 C组和D组分别给予生理盐水0.01 ml/kg和右美托咪定1μg/kg经鼻喷雾.采用多导睡眠监测仪(PSG)记录术后当天N1期、N2期、N3期、REM期睡眠时间、清醒时间、觉醒次数和睡眠效率.采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表评估术前1个月及术后当天的睡眠情况.记录术后当天补救镇静镇痛情况.结果 与C组比较,术后当天D组N2期睡眠明显延长(P<0.05),清醒时间明显缩短(P<0.05),觉醒次数明显减少(P<0.05),睡眠效率明显提高(P<0.05).与术前1个月比较,术后当天两组PSQI总分明显升高(P<0.05),与C组比较,术后当天D组PSQI总分明显降低(P<0.05).术后当天两组补救镇静镇痛率差异无统计学意义.结论 通过右美托咪定经鼻喷雾,可有效延长颌面外科手术患者术后当天的N2期睡眠,缩短清醒时间,减少觉醒次数,明显提高睡眠效率.

Background Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital craniofacial malformation, and its features include hypoplasia and asymmetry in skeletal tissue and soft tissue. These features are usually associated with a difficult airway. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis can achieve mandibular advancement, but its effect on the subsequent laryngoscopic views has not been adequately documented. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the change in laryngoscopic views after mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) in children with HFM and to examine the radiological changes after MDO by using computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional (3-D) airway reconstruction. Methods An observational prospective study was carried out in children with HFM undergoing MDO. All children underwent 3-D airway reconstruction preoperatively before the placement and removal of the distractor. The temporomandibular joint lesions in children were classified by the Pruzansky-Kaban classification. The Cormack-Lehane grade was assessed after induction under direct laryngoscopy. The relationship between difficult laryngoscopy and the Pruzansky-Kaban classification was assessed. Changes in the upper pharyngeal airway parameters and laryngoscopic views were analyzed. Results Forty children (ages ranging from 5 to 16 years, males = 26, females = 14) with HFM underwent 80 anesthesia for MDO. The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy before mandibular distraction was 5/12 (41.7%) in type IIa, 19/24 (79.2%) in type IIb and 1/4 (25%) in type III HFM. The mean difference in the incidence of difficult laryngoscopy before and after MDO was 33.3% (95% CI: -6.7% to 73.3%), 50.0% (95% CI: 8.4% to 91.6%), and 0% for type IIa, type IIb, and type III, respectively. In type IIb, 12/19 cases of difficult laryngoscopy became easy after mandibular distraction: this was associated with an increase in the palatopharyngeal and glossopharyngeal CT parameters (p < .05). In type IIa, 5/5 cases of difficult laryngoscopy became easy after mandibular distraction, and 1/7 cases of easy laryngoscopy became difficult laryngoscopy. However, there were no significant changes in the palatopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal CT parameters in type IIa and type III HFM (p > .05). Conclusions MDO can improve the laryngoscopic views in children with HFM. According to the Pruzansky-Kaban classification, children with type IIb showed the highest incidence of difficult laryngoscopy before MDO. After MDO, the improvement in laryngoscopic views under direct laryngoscopy in type IIb was related to the increase in the palatopharyngeal and glossopharyngeal volume.

The development of science and technology and the increasing demand of rehabilitation have driven the integration between artificial intelligence and rehabilitation medicine.In this study,statistical methods,document visualization tools,and other analysis methods were used in the Citespace software to analyze China's research status of artificial intelligence in the field of rehabilitation medicine with the key words of co-occurrence,emergence,and clustering.The relevant research hot spots were then classified and expounded.The results demonstrated that the current hot spots of artificial intelligence related to rehabilitation medicine included robots,brain-computer interfaces,human-computer interaction,and motor imagery.According to the clustering of key words and literature analysis,the five themes of artificial intelligence in rehabilitation medicine were determined as robot,brain-computer interface,intelligent rehabilitation training system,human-computer interaction,and assisted diagnosis and remote rehabilitation.Robotics and human-computer interaction would still be the research hot spots in the long future,and brain-computer interfaces,motor imagery,and remote rehabilitation would be new ones.This study analyzed the current hot spots,predicted the development trends,discussed the limitations,and proposed suggestions,aiming to provide reference for other scholars focusing on the application of artificial intelligence in rehabilitation medicine.

整形外科手术患者术后睡眠障碍不仅会影响机体的恢复,还会造成负面的心理问题,严重影响患者的预后,因此应引起足够的重视.术后睡眠障碍是多种因素共同作用的结果,包括手术方式、麻醉方式、患者的心理因素以及术后患者包扎、术后恢复环境等,尤其对于整形外科术后患者睡眠障碍更普遍.传统的临床干预治疗方式主要包括物理干预和药物干预,但疗效不佳、不良反应多、患者接受度低.因此,迫切需要寻找一种简单、有效、无创且可以改善整形外科术后患者睡眠障碍的治疗方案,不仅能给患者提供舒适化的医疗体验,而且能够加速整形外科术后患者的康复.但目前整形外科术后患者睡眠障碍的常规治疗方案还有待进一步优化.

目的 比较不同气道评估指标预测小耳畸形患儿喉镜显露困难(DLV)的有效性.方法 择期全麻下行自体肋软骨耳廓重建术小耳畸形患儿200例,男159例,女41例,年龄6～14岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,麻醉诱导前评估改良Mallampati分级(MMT)、张口度(IIG)、甲颏间距(TMD)、下颌前伸能力(FPM)和身高/甲颏间距比值(RHTMD).全麻吸入诱导下置入直接喉镜显露声门,评估Cormack-Lehane(C-L)分级,Ⅲ级和IV级视为DLV.采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各项指标预测喉镜显露困难的效能.结果 200例患儿中存在DLV有46例(23％).MMT、IIG、TMD、FPM、RHTMD预测DLV的AUC(95％CI)分别为0.71(0.64～0.77)、0.74(0.67～0.80)、0.87(0.81～0.91)、0.61(0.54～0.68)和0.85(0.79～0.89),TMD和RHTMD预测效能优于MMT、IIG和FPM.结论 TMD是小耳畸形患儿最佳气道评估指标.

BACKGROUND:Children with microtia may experience difficult laryngoscopy because the ear and the mandible develop from the first and second bronchial arches and clefts.METHODS:In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 166 patients (6-14 years old) with microtia scheduled for auricular reconstruction with autologous costal cartilage framework. Airway of the subjects was assessed preoperatively with the Modified Mallampati classification, Thyromental distance, Interincisor gap, Forward protrusion of the mandible and Horizontal length of the mandible. Anesthesiologist performed the direct laryngoscopy. Difficult laryngoscopy was classified as grade III or IV based on the Cormack-Lehane classification.RESULTS:A total of 166 patients completed the study, including 158 (95%) isolated microtia patients and 8 (5%) hemifacial microsomia patients. The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was 34/166 (20.5%) in all patients, 3/8 (37.5%) in hemifacial microsomia patients, 31/158 (19.6%) in isolated microtia patients (P=0.35). Multivariate logistic regression shows that Thyromental distance, Interincisor gap, Forward protrusion of the mandible are all independent predictors of difficult laryngoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of each predictor were: Thyromental distance (82.35%, 89.39%), Interincisor gap (58.82%, 86.36%), and Forward protrusion (17.65%, 97.73%), respectively. The cutoff values of Thyromental distance and Interincisor gap for prediction of difficult laryngoscopy were 4.0 cm and 3.3 cm. The best combination of predictors was Thyromental distance/Interincisor gap/Forward protrusion of the mandible with a sensitivity of 94.12% and specificity of 86.36%.CONCLUSIONS:The combination of Thyromental distance, Interincisor gap, and Forward protrusion of the mandible is the optimal assessment to predict difficult laryngoscopy in school-aged patients with microtia.

目的 比较不同气道评估方法预测半侧颜面短小畸形(hemifacial microsomia,HFM)患儿喉镜显露困难的有效性.方法 选取2017年1月至2018年12月中国医学科学院整形外科医院择期全麻下行下颌骨延长器置入术及自体肋软骨耳廓重建的HFM患儿131例,年龄6～14岁,美国麻醉医师协会(American Association of Anesthesiologists,ASA)分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,麻醉诱导前评估患儿改良Mallampati分级(modified Mallampati classification,MMT)、张口度(interincisor gap,ⅡG)、甲颏间距(thyromental distance,TMD)和身高甲颏间距比(ratio of height to TMD,RHTMD).全麻吸入诱导后置入直接喉镜显露声门,采用Cormack-Lehane(C-L)分级评估,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级视为喉镜显露困难(difficult laryngoscopic view,DLV).计算各评估方法ROC的AUC,DLV的敏感性、特异性.绘制各评估指标的ROC曲线并确定DLV的临界值.结果 131例患儿中DLV者75例(57％).RHTMD法评估DLV的AUC为0.81,预测DLV的临界值为28.3,敏感性、特异性分别为88.00％、69.64％,优于MMT、ⅡG.TMD预测DLV的AUC、临界值、敏感性、特异性分别为0.79、4.6 cm、78.67％、73.21％.TMD诊断有效性与RHTMD接近,特异性高于RHTMD,敏感性低于RHTMD.结论 RHTMD与TMD是HFM学龄期患儿预测DLV的有效指标,预测准确性高于MMT、ⅡG.RHTMD预测DLV准确性最高,与TMD有相近的敏感性、特异性,可用于HFM患儿DLV的评估.

Objective To compare the impacts of different nostril on nasotracheal intubation with video laryngoscopy.Methods Totally 120 ASA grade I maxillofacial surgery patients were equally randomized into two groups:group A(left nostril)and group B(right nostril).After rapid induction of anesthesia,the nasal intubation was completed by Tosight video laryngoscope,and the success rate of the first attempt of the tube passing through the nasal cavity was recorded and compared between these two groups.In addition,time of tube through nasal cavity,time of glottis exposure,total intubation time,intubation success rate,and nasal bleeding were recorded.Results The success rate of the first attempt of tube passing through the nasal cavity was not significantly different between groups A and B(84.7% vs. 81.7%;χ 2=0.202,P=0.653).The time of tube passing through nasal cavity [(7.3±4.6)s vs.(7.5±4.1)s;t=-0.223,P=0.824] and the time of glottic exposure [(6.6±1.4)s vs.(6.7±1.4)s;t=-0.348,P=0.728] had no significant differences between two groups.The success rates of first intubation attempt were 100% in both groups.The total intubation time was(35.1±9.2)s in group A and(34.0±7.8)s in group B(t=0.663,P=0.509).Intubation-related epistaxis was found in 16 cases(27.1%)in group A and in 17 cases(28.3%)in group B(χ 2 =0.022,P=0.882).Conclusion Different nasal approaches have no effect on nasal intubation.