The paper offers the results of pinch analysis, thermodynamic analysis based on exergy method that determine the energy-supply efficacy enhancement variants for the processing equipment in the light industry finishing production as exemplified by the apparatuses of batch operation for textile dyeing. Scientifically substantiated improvement feasibility estimation for the Belarusian light industry enterprises thermo-technological production energy supply is of current concern and in demand in the existing economic situation. Exergy method allows obtaining the indicated estimation by the simplest and most logical way as against the other methods of thermodynamic analysis e.g. entropy method or employing the cycle theory. Pinch analysis employment not only allows verifying the estimation results but also points out the problem spots demanding cardinal changes and modernization. This complex approach renders possible outlining simple ways of energy saving in the existing technical systems of substance transformation, which is important under the conditions of operating production for successful handling the problem of lowering production costs. The example of the most widespread thermo-technological production of the light industry illustrates the above stated. For most enterprises of the republic, it remains problematic in many ways. The suggested ways of solving the problem are not exhaustive and offer evolutionary changes that secure economic indicators fitting the dictates of time and the enterprises capabilities. Another critical factor of the presented analysis and ways for thermo-technological energy supply improvement is that the proposed changes can realize on basis of the equipment that established a good reputation during continuous service in different productions and manufactured in the republic in working partnership with foreign design engineers.

The paper considers organization of the industrial enterprise heat and power supply system (HPSS), to be rational from the structure and flow parameter standpoint. Developing HPSS is one of the main lines of implementing energy-saving potential in volumes complying with dictates of the time on reducing the production cost energy component, which is especially vital for the light industry enterprises of Belarus. To reduce the complexity of the task the authors employ the hierarchical structure of HPSS. With regard to textile and knitwear enterprises, they show the irregularity of energy supply on the one hand, and of energy use on the other. The finishing departments of the specified enterprises ensure their thermo-technological status. It is proverbial that accomplished in terms of energy thermo-technological enterprises should not consume the electric energy produced in condensation electric power plants. Instead, for their production needs, they should use thermal energy and electricity generated in the CHP. At the same time, steam turbine CHPs of low power, and consequently of low initial parameters, cannot provide the required electrical and heat energy flow generation balance. The indicated circumstance among others accounts for prevalence of condensation electric power plants in the scheme of electrogenerating capacities that provide work for the light industry enterprises. And this leads to irregularity of their energy supply. Transition to gas CHPs with required scheme of the energy flow generation is associated primarily with creation of inherent generating sources, which in its turn poses a number of challenges on modification of the thermal treatment schemes of technological flows. The problem is solved in package with developing energy consumption of the finishing department as well as the entire enterprise. The study shows the capability of utilizing low pressure hot water alongside with steam, which paves the way to the recuperative use of the secondary low-temperature heat flows – utilizing their energy by engaging lithium-bromide absorption heat pumps. The congruous development of energy utilization from the position of systems approach in the context of Belarus is the task of a higher priority than transition to cogeneration energy supply.

The article presents solution for the task of evaluating exergy of the substance in the flow for textile and woven fabrics based on thermodynamic analysis of the corresponding technical systems. The exergy method allows estimating the energy effectiveness for the most problematic heat-technological systems of substance transformation and thus outlining the ways for decreasing the electric-power component in the production prime cost. The actuality of the issue stems from the renowned scenario alteration on the world energy market and is aggravated by necessity of retaining and building up the export potential of the light industry as an important component of the republic national-economic complex. The exergy method has been here for quite a long time and saw the interest fading and appearing again with periodicity of the research-generations alternation. Cooling down of every new generation towards the specified method is explained mostly by unresolved problem of the exergy evaluation for diverse materials, which poses a problem in the course of analysis of the substance transformation systems. The specified problem as a general rule does not create obstacles for energyconversion systems. However, the situation with substance-transformation systems is by far more complicated primarily due to diversity of the materials and respectively of the specification peculiarities of such component of the substance exergy in the flow as chemical component. Abeyance of conclusion in finding the chemical component of the substance exergy does not allow performing thermodynamic valuation of the energy provision for the heat-technological process in full measure. Which complicates the matters of decision-making and finding a medium for reduction of their energy consumption. All stated above relates to the textile industry and in the first instance to the finishing production departments. The authors present the exergy-evaluation problem solution for the substance in the flow for the most common fiber-types: natural animal and phytogenic ones as well as artificial fibers. Moreover, they present the solution for different colorants – basic, acid-type, dispersed. The paper considers the following components of substance exergy: reaction, concentration, and thermomechanical with presentation of their computation, correlation, and assessment deviation. The examples and exergy-computation results of the mentioned coloured fabrics are shown.

The paper ascertains and presents alteration in the energy consumption as a consequence of utilizing the low-temperature waste streams commonly used in the lines of continuous dyeing at the finishing shops of textile enterprises of Belarus. The utilization realizes through the engagement of lithium-bromide absorption heat pumps with various energy characteristics such as the heating coefficient (relative conversion ratio COPhp = 1,15; 1,7; 2,2) and the heating capacity. The latter associates with the converted heat-flow energy utilization variant with the heat-transfer medium heating system scheme (one-, twoand multistage heating). The article considers transition to previously not applied service-water preheating due to the technological acceptance of feeding higher temperature water into the dyeing machine and widening specification of the heattransfer media. The authors adduce variants of internal and external energy use and their evaluation based on the relative energy and exergy characteristics. With results of the thermodynamic analysis of the modernized production effectiveness the researchers prove that alongside with traditional and apparent interior utilization of the energy associated with the stream heat recuperation, it is advisable to widen the range of applied heat-transfer media. The transition to the service water twoand multi-stage preheating is feasible. The study shows that the existing energy supply efficiency extremely low index-numbers improve by one or two degrees. Since they are conditioned, inter alia, by the machinery design, traditional approach to energy supply and heat-medium usage as well as the enterprise whole heating system answering requirements of the bygone era of cheap energy resources. The authors examine the continuous dyeing line modernization options intending considerable investments. Preliminary economic assessment of such inevitable modernization options for the enterprise entire heat-and-power system shows reality of meeting all going with the times requirements such as economic, environmental, energy for similar projects.

The paper presents an interest for those specialists who are involved in solution of efficiency problems in light industry of Belarus as one of the significant industries that forms an economic situation in the Republic, its export potential and social climate. It is extremely relevant for the Belarusian enterprises to reduce production costs in order to preserve and strengthen positions in the light industry market. Operating capacities for production of natural, synthetic textile and knit-wear materials and their subsequent treatment are in many respects unjustifiably energy intensive. Nowadays the only acceptable solution of the problem for reduction of production costs is to decrease its energy component. Such approach requires transition to creation of modern heat and power supply systems at heat technology enterprises. The most important sub-system of the enterprises is own combined production of energy flows of secondary electrical and heat energy, freeze. There is a complex of problems that arise during designing process of tri-generation unit. One of the most important problems presupposes determination of a base load demand and capacity of every energy flow generated by an energy source. The solution is directly related to production output, which in its turn is determined by the requirements of sales markets. Due to various reasons the markets have their own specificity for the enterprises under consideration. It is proposed to use statistical methods for searching requirements. In this connection it is necessary to take into account industry development rate (pre-determined by State Programs, Plans, Governmental solutions, including directive instructions), production volumes of competitive goods and actual goods situation on the sales market. The paper presents the first part of the executed complex investigations which are directed on the development of scientifically-substantiated proposals for higher energy efficiency of the industry as a whole. It has become possible on the basis of the results obtained in the process of studying its power and heat engineering problems. The results of an analytical calculation analysis of statistical and obtained forecasting data are considered as a basis for the development of scientifically substantiated proposals for modernization of energy supply systems and power resource saving of the industry that fully corresponds to the investigation objective. The result of the executed investigations, that is a significant reduction of the energy component in the production costs will be presented in the follow-up publications.

The proposed paper is a continuation of the work, published in the previous issue. It is destined for specialists who are engaged in solution of problems pertaining to efficiency of light industry in Belarus which is considered as one of the branches being significantly involved in formation of national economy, its export potential and social climate. It is extremely relevant to reduce production costs in order to preserve and add strength to the branch positions in the markets. Production of natural, synthetic and knitted materials and their subsequent treatment are unreasonably power-consuming processes. Fundamental solution of the problem for reduction of production costs is to decrease its energy component and this can be achieved due to transition to modern heat and power systems in technological complexes of enterprises.The first part of the paper has considered a range of issues that served as a basis for obtaining statistical models in order to forecast the required production volume of main knitted and textile materials. Forecasting has been prepared for a period of more than 20 years because it has been predetermined by development horizon of comprehensive modernization of energy supply systems at enterprises of light industry. The production volumes essentially differ from those that have been stipulated in the programs of light industry.The present paper shows selection of statistical game-type for determination of build-up rate of the production volume for every textile enterprise. The so-called “Game with Nature” has been selected as a game which is widely used for solution of analogous demand problems. The statistical forecasting models of production obtained in the first part are applied in the second part of the paper which considers strategies for development of individual enterprises. JSC :Baranovichi Industrial Cotton Association” has been taken an example in the paper. Production volumes of any enterprise are determined on the basis of the development strategies with due account of risk minimization and obtaining maximum average expected profit. The average expected production of the enterprise is determined from these strategies in the light of minimizing risks and maximizing profits. Fundamental capacity of power consumption for designing their own cogeneration plants can be determined while using the concept of intensive energy saving. The concept prescribes implementation of a systematic approach that takes into account the necessity of maximum utilization of secondary low-temperature production flows, specificity in consumption and generation schedules of energy flows, conditions of an industrial unit that includes the enterprise, requirements of the power system of Belarus under conditions of NPP operation.основе концепции интенсивного энергосбережения можно установить базовую мощность энергопотребления для проектирования собственных когенерационных установок. Концепция предписывает реализацию системного подхода, учитывающего необходимость максимальной утилизации побочных низкотемпературных потоков производства, специфику графиков потребления и генерации энергопотоков, условия промышленного узла, в который входит предприятие, и требования энергосистемы Беларуси в условиях работы АЭС.

The paper ascertains and presents alteration in the energy consumption as a consequence of utilizing the low-temperature waste streams commonly used in the lines of continuous dyeing at the finishing shops of textile enterprises of Belarus. The utilization realizes through the engagement of lithium-bromide absorption heat pumps with various energy characteristics such as the heating coefficient (relative conversion ratio COPhp = 1,15; 1,7; 2,2) and the heating capacity. The latter associates with the converted heat-flow energy utilization variant with the heat-transfer medium heating system scheme (one-, twoand multistage heating). The article considers transition to previously not applied service-water preheating due to the technological acceptance of feeding higher temperature water into the dyeing machine and widening specification of the heattransfer media. The authors adduce variants of internal and external energy use and their evaluation based on the relative energy and exergy characteristics. With results of the thermodynamic analysis of the modernized production effectiveness the researchers prove that alongside with traditional and apparent interior utilization of the energy associated with the stream heat recuperation, it is advisable to widen the range of applied heat-transfer media. The transition to the service water twoand multi-stage preheating is feasible. The study shows that the existing energy supply efficiency extremely low index-numbers improve by one or two degrees. Since they are conditioned, inter alia, by the machinery design, traditional approach to energy supply and heat-medium usage as well as the enterprise whole heating system answering requirements of the bygone era of cheap energy resources. The authors examine the continuous dyeing line modernization options intending considerable investments. Preliminary economic assessment of such inevitable modernization options for the enterprise entire heat-and-power system shows reality of meeting all going with the times requirements such as economic, environmental, energy for similar projects.

The proposed paper is a continuation of the work, published in the previous issue. It is destined for specialists who are engaged in solution of problems pertaining to efficiency of light industry in Belarus which is considered as one of the branches being significantly involved in formation of national economy, its export potential and social climate. It is extremely relevant to reduce production costs in order to preserve and add strength to the branch positions in the markets. Production of natural, synthetic and knitted materials and their subsequent treatment are unreasonably power-consuming processes. Fundamental solution of the problem for reduction of production costs is to decrease its energy component and this can be achieved due to transition to modern heat and power systems in technological complexes of enterprises.The first part of the paper has considered a range of issues that served as a basis for obtaining statistical models in order to forecast the required production volume of main knitted and textile materials. Forecasting has been prepared for a period of more than 20 years because it has been predetermined by development horizon of comprehensive modernization of energy supply systems at enterprises of light industry. The production volumes essentially differ from those that have been stipulated in the programs of light industry.The present paper shows selection of statistical game-type for determination of build-up rate of the production volume for every textile enterprise. The so-called "Game with Nature" has been selected as a game which is widely used for solution of analogous demand problems. The statistical forecasting models of production obtained in the first part are applied in the second part of the paper which considers strategies for development of individual enterprises. JSC: Baranovichi Industrial Cotton Association" has been taken an example in the paper. Production volumes of any enterprise are determined on the basis of the development strategies with due account of risk minimization and obtaining maximum average expected profit. The average expected production of the enterprise is determined from these strategies in the light of minimizing risks and maximizing profits. Fundamental capacity of power consumption for designing their own cogeneration plants can be determined while using the concept of intensive energy saving. The concept prescribes implementation of a systematic approach that takes into account the necessity of maximum utilization of secondary low-temperature production flows, specificity in consumption and generation schedules of energy flows, conditions of an industrial unit that includes the enterprise, requirements of the power system of Belarus under conditions of NPP operation.

The article presents solution for the task of evaluating exergy of the substance in the flow for textile and woven fabrics based on thermodynamic analysis of the corresponding technical systems. The exergy method allows estimating the energy effectiveness for the most problematic heat-technological systems of substance transformation and thus outlining the ways for decreasing the electric-power component in the production prime cost. The actuality of the issue stems from the renowned scenario alteration on the world energy market and is aggravated by necessity of retaining and building up the export potential of the light industry as an important component of the republic national-economic complex. The exergy method has been here for quite a long time and saw the interest fading and appearing again with periodicity of the research-generations alternation. Cooling down of every new generation towards the specified method is explained mostly by unresolved problem of the exergy evaluation for diverse materials, which poses a problem in the course of analysis of the substance transformation systems. The specified problem as a general rule does not create obstacles for energyconversion systems. However, the situation with substance-transformation systems is by far more complicated primarily due to diversity of the materials and respectively of the specification peculiarities of such component of the substance exergy in the flow as chemical component. Abeyance of conclusion in finding the chemical component of the substance exergy does not allow performing thermodynamic valuation of the energy provision for the heat-technological process in full measure. Which complicates the matters of decision-making and finding a medium for reduction of their energy consumption. All stated above relates to the textile industry and in the first instance to the finishing production departments.The authors present the exergy-evaluation problem solution for the substance in the flow for the most common fiber-types: natural animal and phytogenic ones as well as artificial fibers. Moreover, they present the solution for different colorants – basic, acid-type, dispersed. The paper considers the following components of substance exergy: reaction, concentration, and thermomechanical with presentation of their computation, correlation, and assessment deviation. The examples and exergy-computation results of the mentioned coloured fabrics are shown.

The proposed paper is a continuation of the work, published in the previous issue. It is destined for specialists who are engaged in solution of problems pertaining to efficiency of light industry in Belarus which is considered as one of the branches being significantly involved in formation of national economy, its export potential and social climate. It is extremely relevant to reduce production costs in order to preserve and add strength to the branch positions in the markets. Production of natural, synthetic and knitted materials and their subsequent treatment are unreasonably power-consuming processes. Fundamental solution of the problem for reduction of production costs is to decrease its energy component and this can be achieved due to transition to modern heat and power systems in technological complexes of enterprises. The first part of the paper has considered a range of issues that served as a basis for obtaining statistical models in order to forecast the required production volume of main knitted and textile materials. Forecasting has been prepared for a period of more than 20 years because it has been predetermined by development horizon of comprehensive modernization of energy supply systems at enterprises of light industry. The production volumes essentially differ from those that have been stipulated in the programs of light industry. The present paper shows selection of statistical game-type for determination of build-up rate of the production volume for every textile enterprise. The so-called “Game with Nature” has been selected as a game which is widely used for solution of analogous demand problems. The statistical forecasting models of production obtained in the first part are applied in the second part of the paper which considers strategies for development of individual enterprises. JSC :Baranovichi Industrial Cotton Association” has been taken an example in the paper. Production volumes of any enterprise are determined on the basis of the development strategies with due account of risk minimization and obtaining maximum average expected profit. The average expected production of the enterprise is determined from these strategies in the light of minimizing risks and maximizing profits. Fundamental capacity of power consumption for designing their own cogeneration plants can be determined while using the concept of intensive energy saving. The concept prescribes implementation of a systematic approach that takes into account the necessity of maximum utilization of secondary low-temperature production flows, specificity in consumption and generation schedules of energy flows, conditions of an industrial unit that includes the enterprise, requirements of the power system of Belarus under conditions of NPP operation. основе концепции интенсивного энергосбережения можно установить базовую мощность энергопотребления для проектирования собственных когенерационных установок. Концепция предписывает реализацию системного подхода, учитывающего необходимость максимальной утилизации побочных низкотемпературных потоков производства, специфику графиков потребления и генерации энергопотоков, условия промышленного узла, в который входит предприятие, и требования энергосистемы Беларуси в условиях работы АЭС.

Considers the current key energy problem – the rational and efficient use of energy resources, and the possibility of its solution, based on the concept of intensive energy conservation. As a result, the way of primary energy consumption reduction in Belarus is provided. The initial situation in the frame of program of further improvement of energy consumption until 2030 is estimated. It is shown, that for Belarus the first place in energy saving measures takes the efficiency improvement of natural gas consumption, what allows reducing the investment and saving energy resources.The possibility of usage of waste energy flows of medium-and low-temperature from industrial and municipal enterprises are discussed. To realize the described possibilities, some changes of heat supply system of enterprises and plants are required. Changes in heat supply system of the industrial enterprises, related with usage of low-temperature waste energy flows in a thermal energy generation process for heating, require the installation of additional equipment in existing heat energy supply system, such as absorption heat pumps, which are easily joint and successfully work at boiler Houses as well as at CHP. The numerous examples of fuel consumption reduction via heat industrial waste and sewage usage are shown in this article. It must be emphasized, that such an expansion of energy-saving framework not only reduce the primary energy consumption by heat generating sources, but also significantly improves the conditions of the Belarusian electrical grid operation under the conditions of nuclear power plant commissioning. The existing technical framework, that ensured the proposed changes, is also taking into account.

Considers the current key energy problem – the rational and efficient use of energy resources, and the possibility of its solution, based on the concept of intensive energy conservation. As a result, the way of primary energy consumption reduction in Belarus is provided. The initial situation in the frame of program of further improvement of energy consumption until 2030 is estimated. It is shown, that for Belarus the first place in energy saving measures takes the efficiency improvement of natural gas consumption, what allows reducing the investment and saving energy resources. The possibility of usage of waste energy flows of medium-and low-temperature from industrial and municipal enterprises are discussed. To realize the described possibilities, some changes of heat supply system of enterprises and plants are required. Changes in heat supply system of the industrial enterprises, related with usage of low-temperature waste energy flows in a thermal energy generation process for heating, require the installation of additional equipment in existing heat energy supply system, such as absorption heat pumps, which are easily joint and successfully work at boiler Houses as well as at CHP. The numerous examples of fuel consumption reduction via heat industrial waste and sewage usage are shown in this article. It must be emphasized, that such an expansion of energy-saving framework not only reduce the primary energy consumption by heat generating sources, but also significantly improves the conditions of the Belarusian electrical grid operation under the conditions of nuclear power plant commissioning. The existing technical framework, that ensured the proposed changes, is also taking into account.

1. Запропоновано чисельну модель для дослідження навантаження та характеристик міцності пластини пластинчастого насосу. 2. Перевірена адекватність запропонованої моделі для розрахунку характеристик процесу навантаження пластини насоса за результатами співставлення чисельного експерименту та аналітичного розрахунку за традиційною методикою. 3. Аналіз результатів досліджень показав, що для дотримання умов міцності при проектуванні розмір вільного кінця пластини доцільно обирати у діапазоні 0,3-0,5l. 4. Використання розробленої моделі дозволяє автоматизувати проектно-конструкторські роботи при створенні або модифікації пластинчастих насосів. 5. Для збільшення універсальності запропонованої моделі необхідно модифікувати модель для врахування впливу кута нахилу та перевірити її адекватність.

The paper considers a potential of power saving at enterprises of consumer industry in theRepublicofBelaruswhile making transition to co-generation power supply of heat technological processes.

Taking integrated power system of theRepublicofBelarusas an example the paper considers a possibility of heat accumulator use for TPP operation in accordance with the schedule of electric power consumption while maintaining daily supply of heat energy from turbine power takes-off and without involvement of peak-loader boilers used for covering energy loads.

The paper considers potential of power saving by the Belarusian industrial enterprises at transition to cogeneration power supply of heat technological processes.