In recent years, mastitis has become one of the most common cow diseases worldwide. It causes a significant slowdown in the growth rates of milk production, pointing to the massive economic damage associated with premature culling of high producing animals, disposal of milk (produced during and after cow treatment with antibiotics), insufficient production of calves, and the diagnostics and treatment costs. The argovit medication containing the silver nanoparticles can provide the opportunity to reduce the duration of treatment and to prevent any damage caused by disposal of milk after treatment. The survey was performed to study the effects of silver nanoparticles on the morphological, biochemical, and immunological parameters of blood of cows with serous mastitis. In order to perform the surveys, three groups of 20 animals each were allocated. They included a control group composed of healthy specimens and two experimental groups involving animals affected by a serous form of mastitis. The medication containing argovite 10% water solution was administered intracisternally to the cows of the first experimental group at a dose of 10 mL/kg a day until the illness’ clinical symptoms went away. With respect to the second experimental group of cows, the Spectramast medication was administered intracisternally at a dose of 10 mL twice a day, according to the instruction of its use. The medication containing the silver nanoparticles can provide the opportunity to reduce the duration of serous mastitis treatment to two times. After treatment with this medication, elevation of the levels of both the serum lysozyme activity and the serum bactericidal activity from 12.1 to 17.7% (by 5.6%) and from 58.3 to 62.8% (by 4.5%), respectively, were recorded, which can indicate a stimulating effect of this medication on nonspecific immunity through activation of phagocytosis. No toxic effect within the treatment for bovine clinical mastitis with the medication containing silver nanoparticles was observed.

The main etiological factor in endometritis is pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microflora entering the uterus during the postpartum period, during estrus, artificial insemination with contaminated sperm. A study was carried out to investigate changes in antibacterial sensitivity of microorganisms during therapy after labor purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows with a preparation containing silver nanoparticles. To study the role of opportunistic pathogenic microflora in the etiology of postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis a clinical study of 150 cows in a farm in the Novosibirsk region during mass calving was carried out. Animals were divided into experimental and control groups according to the analogy principle. The control group received fish oil intramuscularly in a dose of 150 ml with oxytetracycline hydrochloride in a dose of 40 mg/kg of live weight once every 48 hours and uteroton intramuscularly in a dose of 10 ml once every 48 hours. The experimental group received intrauterine injections of argovit 10 % aqueous solution at a dose of 100 ml once every 48 h and uteroton intramuscularly at a dose of 10 ml once every 48 h. It was found that the treatment of postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows with argovit decreased the average duration of treatment of the disease by 1.8 times compared to the preparation in the control group. When treating postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows with argovit, an increase in antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated microflora to 21 drugs (87.5 %) from 1.2 to 100% was found. In the control group, there was a decrease in antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated microflora to 18 (75 %) preparations from - 1.1 to 28.7 %.

Aerosol inhalation delivery of cefazolin, a broad-spectrum first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated. Inhalation system based on ultrasonic nebulizer was developed for the generation of dry cefazolin aerosol within mean particle diameter range 0.5-3.0 mu m and mass concentration 0.01-3 mu g/cm(3). Pharmacokinetic measurements were carried out for the aerosolized form of cefazolin delivered in mice using nose-only chamber. Cefazolin concentrations in blood serum and in the lungs of mice were measured as a function of time by means of high performance liquid chromatography. Body-delivered dose depending on particle size, concentration and inhalation time as well as other pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. The antibacterial effect of aerosolized cefazolin was assessed through the aerosol inhalation treatment of mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Survival rate for infected mice after the treatment with cefazolin aerosol demonstrated high antibacterial efficiency of the inhalation delivery of cefazolin in comparison with intraperitoneal delivery.

The survey was carried out to study the effects of the Argovite medication and dimethyl sulfoxide on the morphological, biochemical, and immunological blood parameters of cows with postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis in the block-calving period in Novosibirsk oblast in 2019–2020. In order to perform the surveys, three groups of 50 animals each were allocated. The first group was control, composed of healthy specimens. The two other groups involving the cows with postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis were experimental. The medication composed of argovite 10% water solution combined with dimethyl sulfoxide 5% water solution was administered intrauterine in specimens of the first experimental group at a dose of 0.3 mL/kg liveweght every 48 h up to the disappearance of clinical symptoms of a disease. In addition, an intramuscular injection of uteroton was administered once at a dose of 0.02 mL/kg liveweight. With respect to the cows of the second experimental group, cod liver oil (0.3 mL/kg liveweight), in combination with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (40 mg/kg liveweight), was administered intrauterine every 48 h. In addition, an intramuscular injection of uteroton at a dose of 0.02 mL/kg liveweight was administered once. After the treatment of cows with postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis in the first experimental group, insignificant increases in phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and phagocytic number were recorded, which were higher by 1.3, 1.4, and 4.9%, respectively, relative to the reference values before the treatment. With respect to the cows of the second experimental group, a decline in the parameter values by 1.3, 8.4, and 9.0%, respectively, was observed. The outcomes of the blood hematology and biochemistry surveys during the treatment of bovine postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis with the medication containing argovite 10% water solution combined with dimethyl sulfoxide 5% water solution have proven the absence of its negative effects on the main physiological parameters.

Studies have been carried out to determine the synergetic effect of the use of combinations of antibacterial substances, including antibiotics, septabic disinfectant and AgNPs. A significant increase in bactericidal activity was revealed in the combination of septabic + AgNPs + nitox and septabic + AgNPs + ceftiofur. Determination of the sensitivity of Salmonella enteritidis 182 to antibacterial drugs showed the presence of resistance to 8 drugs (38.1%), low sensitivity to 7 (33.3%), sensitivity to 6 (28.6%) and the absence of preparations with high sensitivity indicators. After cultivation of S. enteritidis 182 with antibacterial drugs and their combinations, an increase in the number of preparations to which the studied strain was sensitive was found. The presence of sensitivity to 7-10 drugs was revealed, which is 4.7-19.6% higher than in the control indicators. A previously absent high sensitivity to 2-8 antibacterial drugs (9.5-38.0%) was established. The cultivation of S. enteritidis 182 with AgNPs showed the highest increase in antibiotic sensitivity of all the studied combinations of antibacterial agents in the form of the growth inhibition size increase. This suggests a leading role of AgNPs in overcoming antibiotic resistance. Incubation of S. enteritidis 182 after contact with septabic and argovite caused a maximum increase in the diameter of the growth inhibition of the microorganism without decreasing sensitivity to certain types of drugs (with the exception of septabic, where the loss of sensitivity to tylosin was established). When adding various antibiotics to the combination of septabic + argovit, a decrease in the growth inhibition zone or its disappearance were noted. The combined effect of the use of antibacterial drugs together with silver nanoparticles against bacteria with multidrug resistance is described.

The increase in the production of livestock products, along with the improvement of the breed and productive qualities of animals, is closely related to the state of reproduction of the herd. The main factor holding back the reproduction of the herd to a large extent is the presence of acute postpartum endometritis. The study was carried out in order to study the species composition of microorganisms, the change in their antibiotic sensitivity during therapy after generic purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows from 2019 to 2020. in the economy of the Novosibirsk region during the period of mass calving with a preparation containing silver nanoparticles in comparison with an antibacterial preparation. The animals were divided into experimental and control groups on the basis of analogs. The experimental group (n = 42) was injected intrauterinely with the drug, where the complex of drugs argovit, Dimexide in the form of 10% and 5% aqueous solutions at a dose of 0.3 ml / kg of live weight was used as an antibacterial drug once every 48 hours, and uteroton was intramuscularly 0 , 02 ml / kg live weight, once, once every 48 hours. The cows of the control group (n = 42) were injected with fish oil intrauterinely (0.3 ml / kg of live weight) with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (40 mg / kg of live weight), once every 48 hours and intramuscularly uteroton 0.02 ml / kg of live weight , once, once every 48 hours. The research results showed that the use of the drug argovit containing silver nanoparticles + DMSO caused a pronounced increase in antibiotic sensitivity in the isolated microflora in postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows.

Рассмотрены сферы применения наночастиц (НЧ) серебра в сельском хозяйстве. Приведен обзор литературы, посвященной использованию соединений НЧ серебра в животноводстве при кормлении и лечении сельскохозяйственных животных. Рассмотрены основные направления внедрения наносеребра в практику при защите культурных растений и их возделывании. Авторы представляют свои основные результаты исследований в этой области. Препарат “Арговит”, созданный на основе НЧ серебра и поливинилпирролидона, снижает антибиотикочувствительность, адгезивную и антилизоцимную активности патогенов родов Enterococcus, Salmonella и Escherichia, которые определяют возникновение, развитие и проявление инфекционных болезней у животных. Обнаружено, что нанокомпозиты серебра, представляющие собой НЧ серебра, погруженные в матрицы из природного полисахарида (арабиногалактана) или гуминовых веществ, обладают антибактериальным эффектом к бактерии, вызывающей кольцевую гниль картофеля. При этом нанокомпозиты оказывают стимулирующее воздействие на растения картофеля in vitro. Представленные сведения подтверждают перспективность широкого применения НЧ серебра в сельском хозяйстве.

Research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of antibiotics and silver nanoparticles in combination with antibiotics on the change in antibiotic sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of E. coli ATCC 25922 reference strain and its isolate. Nanoparticles obtained by electron beam treatment of aqueous solution containing water-soluble stabilizing polymer and water-soluble silver salt were used in the experiment. During the treatment a beam of accelerated electrons obtained on the installation of a linear accelerator of the ILU-10 type passed through a solution with a working dose of 5–30 kGy ranging in size from 20 to 60 nm. Sensitivity of microorganisms of E. coli ATCC 25922 reference strain and its isolate obtained from cow endometritis to antibacterial substances and their combinations was determined from dilution with a minimum bacteriostatic concentration. The dilution in the amount of 0.2 ml was added to meat-and-peptone agar and the antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms was determined by the disk diffusion method. Sensitivity to 24 types of antibacterial drugs was tested. Cultivation of E. coli ATCC 25922 with AgNPs in combination with one of the antibiotics (azitronite, amoxicillin, enroflox, ceftiofur, tylosin, cobactan, oxytetracycline) contributed to an increase in the number of drugs (from 14.3 to 57.1%), to which the microorganism was sensitive. Cultivation of the E. coli isolate with 5 (62.5%) of the studied antibiotics led to an increase in resistance from 1 (5.5%) to 3 (16.7%) antibacterial agents. AgNPs in combination with antibiotics azitronite, amoxicillin, enroflox, ceftiofur, tylosin, cobactan, gentamicin, oxytetracycline contributed to a decrease in the resistance of E. coli ATCC 25922 (from 15.4 to 46.1%) and E. coli field isolate (from 16.7 to 37.7%) to antibacterial drugs. The pronounced ability of AgNPs to increase antibiotic sensitivity was established. This was confirmed by the joint cultivation of antibiotics and AgNPs with E. coli ATCC 25922 and field isolate of E. coli, causing an increase in sensitivity and high sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, which was previously absent. The study confirmed the results of research on the ability of nanoparticles of metals of the transition group to affect the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial agents and to restore it.

Электронные книги и статьи из каталога «ВЛИЯНИЕ НАНОЧАСТИЦ СЕРЕБРА И ДИМЕТИЛСУЛЬФОКСИДА В КОМБИНАЦИИ С АНТИБИОТИКАМИ НА ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ЧУВСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ST. AUREUS АТСС 29737 (150,00 руб.)». Скачайте в онлайн-библиотеке Rucont.

The areas of silver nanoparticle (NPs) application in agriculture are considered in the present paper. Publications dedicated to the use of silver NP compounds as feed components and drugs for farm animals are reviewed. The main directions of nanosilver introduction into the practice of cultivated plant protection and growing are considered. The authors present the major results of their own studies in this area. Argovit with silver NPs and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the main components reduced the antibiotic resistance and the adhesive and anti-lysozyme activities of pathogens from the genera Enterococcus , Salmonella, and Escherichia , which determine the emergence, development, and manifestations of infectious diseases in animals. Silver nanocomposites (NCs) that consist of silver NPs embedded in matrices of a natural polysaccharide (arabinogalactan) or humic substances were shown to have an antibacterial effect on bacteria that cause potato ring rot. Moreover, the NCs had a stimulatory effect on potato plants in vitro. The presented data confirm the high potential of wide use of silver NPs in agriculture.

The analysis of nanotechnology development was carried out and the assessment of prospects of use of silver and bismuth nanoparticles in vetere-nary medicine was given. Modern development of animal husbandry is linked with diseases caused by conditionally pathogenic microflora. Treatment of these diseases is based on the use of a wide range of antibacterial substances, both in mono version and in a combined form. When used long-term, these antibacterial preparations cause the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. One way to solve this problem is by applying medication containing nanoparticles obtained by means of nanotechnology. Depending on the method of preparation, such medicinal substances can be both highly effective and highly toxic and have a wide range of previously unexplored properties, which necessitates the study of their toxicological and therapeutic properties. Silver nanoparticles are the most studied ones. They have pronounced antibacterial properties with low toxicity and no negative effect on the indigenous microflora of animals. Properties of nanoparticles also depend on the shape and size of the particles, which determines their scope and limitations. The main field of application of silver nanoparticles is the treatment of diseases caused by conditionally pathogenic microflora (mastitis, gastrointestinal and gynecological diseases). Bismuth preparations are used in the treatment of human ulcers. However, in the treatment of animals, the experience of their application is extremely limited. For treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, the preparations with nanoparticles of bismuth (Enterovis) as well as nanoparticles of silver (Argovit) were used. Enterovis was used in the form of 2.0% aqueous solution in the rate of 1.0-2.0 ml/kg of body weight 2-3 times a day, for 1-2 days, and Argovit was used in the form of 1.0% aqueous solution in the rate of 2.0-3.0 ml/kg of body weight 2-3 times a day, for 2-5 days. The survival rate of animals in the experimental group with the application of Enterovis and Argovit was 91.1 to 100%, with the term of treatment reduced by over 1.5-2 times. In control groups, where antibiotics were used, the survival rate of animals was 63.8-90.5%.

The authors conduct spectral analysis of silver nanoparticles by means of electronic spectroscopy and small-angle scattering. The research showed the stability of nanoparticles sizes, which is achieved by application of polyvilpyrrolidone, which prevents significant formation of their agglomerates, causing significant changes in therapeutic and physico-chemical characteristics of the substance. Asymmetric form of the electronic spectrum showed slight aggregation of nanoparticles with polymorphic polyhedral structures. The slight width of the line of spectral analysis indicates small range of silver particle sizes. The data obtained on the absorption intensity in the high-frequency and low-frequency areas of the spectrum indicate lower number of particles with a size 1 ± 2 nm, and aggregative forms of about 50 nm in a concentrated solution. The assessment of the size and shape of silver nanoparticles was carried out by means of transmission electronic microscopy method. It showed spherical, triangular and polyhedral nanoparticles that could be used as medical drugs (oral or parenteral application) preventing damages for cells and tissues of animals and humans. The studies conducted by means of transmission electron microscopy method contributed to highlighting the polymorphism of silver nanoparticles that Argovit specimen contains,, and their size which is 67.7 ± 19.4 nm with a ellipticity degree of 1.3 ± 0.3. Dilution of Argovit specimen with 1:10 distilled water causes a reduction in nanoparticles size to 36.0 ± 12.7 nm and their ellipticity to 1.19 ± 0.14. The application of the specimen will be effective in pharmacology, provided that pharmacological and toxicological studies are conducted to assess therapeutic effect and safety.

The authors conduct spectral analysis of silver nanoparticles by means of electronic spectroscopy and small-angle scattering. The research showed the stability of nanoparticles sizes, which is achieved by application of polyvilpyrrolidone, which prevents significant formation of their agglomerates, causing significant changes in therapeutic and physico-chemical characteristics of the substance. Asymmetric form of the electronic spectrum showed slight aggregation of nanoparticles with polymorphic polyhedral structures. The slight width of the line of spectral analysis indicates small range of silver particle sizes. The data obtained on the absorption intensity in the high-frequency and low-frequency areas of the spectrum indicate lower number of particles with a size 1 ± 2 nm, and aggregative forms of about 50 nm in a concentrated solution. The assessment of the size and shape of silver nanoparticles was carried out by means of transmission electronic microscopy method. It showed spherical, triangular and polyhedral nanoparticles that could be used as medical drugs (oral or parenteral application) preventing damages for cells and tissues of animals and humans. The studies conducted by means of transmission electron microscopy method contributed to highlighting the polymorphism of silver nanoparticles that Argovit specimen contains,, and their size which is 67.7 ± 19.4 nm with a ellipticity degree of 1.3 ± 0.3. Dilution of Argovit specimen with 1:10 distilled water causes a reduction in nanoparticles size to 36.0 ± 12.7 nm and their ellipticity to 1.19 ± 0.14. The application of the specimen will be effective in pharmacology, provided that pharmacological and toxicological studies are conducted to assess therapeutic effect and safety.

There was studied the structure and size of silver and bismuth nanoparticles in preparations Enterovis and Argovit, as well as pharmacological and toxicological properties of these preparations in treating infectious gastroenterites in calves. Bismuth nanoparticles in Enterovis under the microscope represent oval, flat polyhedrons of polymorphic form of 2 to 100 mcm in size, and they, being dissolved, are particles of 4 to 6 nm in size. Investigations by means of transmission electron microscopy allowed us to establish polymorphism of silver nanoparticles in Argovit, as well as their size of 67.7 ± 19.4 nm, with a degree of ellipticity of 1.3 ± 0.3. A 1:10 dilution of Argovit with distilled water caused a decrease in the size of nanoparticles to 36.0 ± 12.7 nm, with the ellipticity degree of 1.19 ± 0.14. The minimum bacteriostatic concentrations of silver and bismuth preparations against reference strains ranged as follows: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 from 25 to 125 pg/ml, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 from 100 to 200, Shigella sonnei N20044 from 25 to 100, Staphylococcus aureus 209 p from 12.5 to 150, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 from 6.25 to 150 pg/ml. The study of toxicology of preparations containing silver and bismuth nanoparticles showed the absence of toxic effects in laboratory animals. The therapeutic efficacy of Enterovis and Agrovit was studied when treating calves with diarrhea signs for gastroenteritis. The use of the preparations studied made it possible to reduce the die-off of calves 1.5–10 times, while reducing the duration of the treatment 1.5–3.0 times.

В статье описаны физико-химические свойства серебра в растворе воды, а так же его механизм антибактериального действия. Представлены результаты исследований применения препарат серебра Арговит в ветеринарии при инфекционных заболеваний молодняка животных и птиц.

There was evaluated the preventive effect of the drug Ovarinin on the follicle formation process at subsequent administration of the follicle-stimulating drug Folligon. The laboratory Wistar rats divided into one control and two experimental groups were used as the object of the study. The isotonic NaCl solution was administered subcutaneously to the control animals, Folligon to the rats of the first test group, and Folligon and Ovarinin to the second group. The drug Folligon of pregnant mares’ serum gonadotropin caused drastic morphological changes in the ovaries manifested in the 2-2.5 time increased cell nuclei size, increased cell size, saturation of the cytoplasm with structural elements, enhanced cell division process. After stimulation was observed the increase in the size of both ovaries; the intense maturation of follicles and the ovulation occurred. As influenced by hormonal stimulation against the background of the homeopathic drug Ovarinin was observed the 2-2.5 time increase in cell nuclei size as compared with the histological preparations of the control group, hypertrophy of the cell material in the medulla of the ovary with increased content of structural elements. The enhancement of the cell division process, proliferation and lumen increase of the blood vessels network were less pronounced than those in the first test group. The application of Folligon against the background of Ovarinin was accompanied by less drastic morphological changes as compared with the effect in the Folligon mono-variant, the ovulation in the ovaries was much less often. The combined application of the drugs studied drastically reduces a possibility of formation of the ovarian cysts due to hyperstimulation by PMSG drugs. This is significative of the fact that the homeopathic drug prevents the development of ovarian cysts at hormonal imbalance as well as of the efficacy of the combined use of hormonal and homeopathic preparations possessing a mild and effective neuro-hormonoregulation activity.