Processing and analysis of long-term series of vertical temperature distributions in the middle atmosphere (in the altitude range of 15-60 km) over Tomsk, which were obtained on the basis of routine measurements at the lidar station of the Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the period 2010-2020, have been performed. Based on the experimental data, regional features of the intra- and inter-annual variability of the thermal state of the middle atmosphere over Western Siberia have been revealed, and a vertical temperature distribution in the middle atmosphere that is more appropriate to the real conditions of the region has been proposed.

В работе выполнены обработка и анализ долговременных рядов вертикального распределения температуры в средней атмосфере (интервал высот 15 - 60 км) над Томском, полученных на базе регулярных измерений лидарной станции Института оптики атмосферы СО РАН за период 2010 - 2023 гг. На основе полученных экспериментальных данных выявлены региональные особенности внутри- и межгодовой изменчивости термического состояния средней атмосферы над Западной Сибирью и предложена более адекватная к реальным условиям термодинамическая модель средней атмосферы для данного региона. This work presents the processing and analysis of long-term series of vertical temperature distribution in the middle atmosphere (height range 15 - 60 km) over Tomsk, obtained from regular measurements of the lidar station of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics SO RAS for the period from 2010 to 2023. Based on the obtained experimental data, regional features of intra- and interannual variability of the thermal state of the middle atmosphere over Western Siberia are identified, and a more appropriate thermodynamic model of the middle atmosphere for this region is proposed.

В работе выполнены обработка и анализ долговременных рядов вертикального распределения температуры в средней атмосфере (интервал высот 15-60 км) над Томском, полученных на базе регулярных измерений лидарной станции Института оптики атмосферы СО РАН за период 2010-2023 гг. За данный период было накоплено и обработано порядка 1000 суммарных сигналов обратного рассеяния на длине волны 532 нм. На основе полученных экспериментальных данных выявлены региональные особенности внутри- и межгодовой изменчивости термического состояния средней атмосферы над Западной Сибирью. Для теплого периода каждого года (с мая по сентябрь) установлено стабильное распределение температуры с отличием до нескольких К по отдельным годам. Весной и осенью отличие среднемесячных профилей температуры возрастает до 5-10 К и в январе достигает максимума 15 К. Выявлено принципиальное отличие вертикального распределения температуры, построенного по лидарным данным, и предлагаемой моделью CIRA-86. С октября по апрель в интервале высот от 15 до 25 км лидарный профиль температуры сдвинут от модельного в отрицательную сторону, выше от 25 до 50 км в положительную. Максимальный отрицательный сдвиг профилей отмечается в декабре и составляет 16 К, а отрицательный до 15 К в январе. Приводится описание методов анализа ряда экспериментальных данных на наличие значений, которые значительно отличаются от остальной части данных и могут привести к искажению полученных результатов The work carried out processing and analysis of long-term series of vertical temperature distribution in the middle atmosphere (altitude interval 15-60 km) over Tomsk, obtained on the basis of regular measurements of the lidar station of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS for the period 2010-2023. During this period, about 1,000 individual night measurements were carried out and the corresponding total backscatter signals at a wavelength of 532 nm were accumulated and processed.. Based on the experimental data obtained, regional features of intra- and interannual variability of the thermal state of the middle atmosphere over Western Siberia were identified. For the warm period of each year (from May to September), a stable temperature distribution has been established with differences of up to several K in individual years. In spring and autumn, the difference between the average monthly temperature profiles increases to 5-10 K and in January reaches a maximum of 15 K. A fundamental difference between the vertical temperature distribution constructed from lidar data and the proposed CIRA-86 model has been revealed. From October to April, in the altitude range from 15 to 25 km, the lidar temperature profile is shifted from the model one in the negative direction, and above from 25 to 50 km, in the positive direction. The maximum negative shift in profiles is observed in December and is 16 K, and negative up to 15 K in January. A description is given of methods for analyzing a number of experimental data for the presence of values that differ significantly from the rest of the data and can lead to distortion of the results obtained.

В работе выполнены обработка и анализ долговременных рядов вертикального распределения температуры в средней атмосфере (интервал высот 15-60 км) над Томском, полученных на базе регулярных измерений лидарной станции Института оптики атмосферы СО РАН за период 2010-2023 гг. За данный период было накоплено и обработано порядка 1000 суммарных сигналов обратного рассеяния на длине волны 532 нм. На основе полученных экспериментальных данных выявлены региональные особенности внутри- и межгодовой изменчивости термического состояния средней атмосферы над Западной Сибирью. Для теплого периода каждого года (с мая по сентябрь) установлено стабильное распределение температуры с отличием до нескольких К по отдельным годам. Весной и осенью отличие среднемесячных профилей температуры возрастает до 5-10 К и в январе достигает максимума 15 К. Выявлено принципиальное отличие вертикального распределения температуры, построенного по лидарным данным, и предлагаемой моделью CIRA-86. С октября по апрель в интервале высот от 15 до 25 км лидарный профиль температуры сдвинут от модельного в отрицательную сторону, выше от 25 до 50 км в положительную. Максимальный отрицательный сдвиг профилей отмечается в декабре и составляет 16 К, а отрицательный до 15 К в январе. Приводится описание методов анализа ряда экспериментальных данных на наличие значений, которые значительно отличаются от остальной части данных и могут привести к искажению полученных результатов

Processing and analysis of long-term series of vertical temperature distributions in the middle atmosphere (in the altitude range of 15–60 km) over Tomsk, which were obtained on the basis of routine measurements at the lidar station of the Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the period 2010–2020, have been performed. Based on the experimental data, regional features of the intra- and inter-annual variability of the thermal state of the middle atmosphere over Western Siberia have been revealed, and a vertical temperature distribution in the middle atmosphere that is more appropriate to the real conditions of the region has been proposed.

The long-term series of observations of the vertical stratification of aerosol in the stratosphere are processed and analyzed using the scattering ratio as an example, as well as the vertical distribution of aerosol scattering coefficients at a wavelength of 532 nm (altitude range 15–50 km) over Tomsk. The experimental data were received from regular measurements at the lidar station of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2010–2021. On the basis of the accumulated experimental material, regional features of the intra- and interannual variability of the stratospheric aerosol are ascertained for Western Siberia. An optical aerosol model of the atmosphere is suggested which better corresponds to this region than existing models.

We considered the phenomenon of reflection of light radiation from crystalline particles preferentially oriented in the atmosphere, as well as the physical patterns and possible conditions favoring this reflection. Experimental observations were used to analyze the recorded light spots, occurring due to reflection of radiation from layers of these particles. We describe a case of recording specular layers using a panoramic optical station (AllSky system).

Consideration of the results of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with non-spherical atmospheric particles with anisotropic properties is of both scientific and practical interest. Particular attention should be paid to the interaction of directed optical radiation with spatially oriented atmospheric ice crystals. Failure to take into account the mirror image of optical radiation from an ensemble of spatially oriented atmospheric particles of non-spherical shape can distort model representations, significantly complicate the interpretation of the results obtained and lead to incorrect interpretation of some phenomena observed in the atmosphere. The paper considers some results of observations of the phenomenon of mirror reflection from horizontally-oriented flat crystal parts localized in the atmosphere. This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

Рассмотрение результатов взаимодействия электромагнитного излучения с несферическими атмосферными частицами, обладающими анизотропными свойствами, представляет как научный, так и практический интерес. Особо следует выделить взаимодействие направленного оптического излучения с пространственно ориентированными атмосферными кристаллами льда. Неучет зеркального отражения оптического излучения от ансамбля пространственно ориентированных атмосферных частиц несферической формы может исказить модельные представления, существенно затруднить интерпретацию получаемых результатов и привести к неверному трактованию некоторых наблюдаемых в атмосфере явлений. В работе рассмотрены некоторые результаты наблюдений явления зеркального отражения от локализованных в атмосфере горизонтально-ориентированных плоских кристаллических части.

В Институте оптики атмосферы СО РАН, в интересах оперативного мониторинга воздушного пространства на протяжении многих лет ведется разработка методов и средств мониторинга и контроля атмосферного пространства, преимущественно в оптическом диапазоне. Среди этих методов наибольшее внимание было уделено развитию лидарных методов. Одним из факторов, влияющих как на возможность проведения измерений, так и на их результаты, является текущее качество атмосферы. В работе предлагается методика определения одного из параметров астроклимата – прозрачности атмосферы, на основе анализа allsky изображений, получаемых с помощью панорамно-оптической станции.

The long-term series of the vertical distribution of temperature in the middle atmosphere (altitude range 15 to 60 km) over the city of Tomsk obtained on the basis of regular measurements of the lidar station of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS for the period 2010 – 2020, have been processed and analyzed in this paper. regional features of the intra- and interannual variability of the thermal state of the middle atmosphere over Western Siberia have been revealed on the basis of the obtained experimental data, and a thermodynamic model of the middle atmosphere for this region more adequate to real conditions has been proposed.

The article presents an overview of the panoramic optical station "TomSky" developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, designed for day and night multiparametric observation of the optical state of the sky. In the first part, the prerequisites for creating a ground-based atmospheric monitoring station and some technical features of its implementation are considered. This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

The article presents an overview of the panoramic optical station "TomSky" developed at the IOA SB RAS, designed for day and night multiparametric observation of the optical state of the sky. In the second part, methods and algorithms for processing data obtained from the monitoring station are considered. This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

The article discusses the methods and algorithms used in the development of software and hardware systems for registration and analysis of cloud images, when observed from the surface of the Earth. The methods of pre-processing images are considered and the possibility of determining the direction and apparent angular velocity of cloud movement based on a series of images for the purpose of making a short-term forecast is evaluated.

Lidar and searchlight instruments and techniques for atmospheric research developed at the V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in recent years are described. Key results obtained using these techniques are presented.

The work is devoted to the development of an algorithm describing the nature of the interaction of directed optical radiation with an optically transparent object of spherical shape – a raindrop. To solve this problem, in the approximation of geometric optics, the relations describing the angular nature of the radiation propagation in the droplet for four reflections from the interface of the two environments under consideration were obtained: air-water. Further, on this basis, the relations were obtained to describe the nature of the angular propagation of radiation outside the droplet for the four interaction points. As a result, the obtained relations were used to obtain digital data on the extreme values of the angles of the two functions: Ψ and φ . These values coincided with the angles of the primary and secondary rainbows formed by the interaction of directed optical radiation with a raindrop. Thus, the correctness of the developed algorithm describing the interaction of directed optical radiation with a raindrop is confirmed. This fact allows the estimation of the parameters of interaction of optical radiation with different values of refractive index, i.e., for other environments.

Some features of the appearance of a mirror reflection of the illuminated underlying surface by a cloud layer consisting of ice plates from observations of a panoramic optical station are considered.

The article discusses various methods of image quality assessment. A comparative analysis of sharpness functions as a measure of image quality, in the absence of a standard for comparison, was conducted.

In this paper we consider the transformation of the trajectory of cloud formations in the system of the topocentric observer with their linear character of motion at a fixed altitude around the planet's surface.

Observation of subpargelium from ground-based light sources at the panoramic-optical station "TomSky" of the IAO of the SB RAS.