Purpose of the study . Creation of a transplantable orthotopic PDX model of gastric cancer in Balb/c Nude immunodeficient mice using implantation and injection. Materials and methods . Two methods, that are injection and implantation, were used to create an orthotopic PDX model of human gastric cancer. The first method involved injections of a suspension of a mechanically disaggregated patient's tumor after filtration into the gastric wall of Balb/c Nude mice. For the second method, small fragments (3 × 3 × 3 mm) of patients' tumors were implanted in the gastric wall of mice along the greater curvature with a dissection of the serous muscular layer. Results. Control laparotomy in Balb/c Nude immunodeficient mice showed a successful engraftment of the tumor material at the 1st and 3rd procedures when using the implantation method for the creation of a PDX model of gastric cancer. The injection method was ineffective, and no models were created. The histological type of the obtained PDX models was compared to the type of the donor tumor by histological examination (hematoxylin and eosin staining). The tumor grade remained stable and did not change during xenograft passage, which showed that the obtained model was identical to the histotype of the donor tumor. Conclusion. The presented implantation method for the model creation results in effective tumor engraftment. The developed model can be used to test the effectiveness of anticancer or antimetastatic drugs, for studying the functions of biomarkers, or in assessing the microenvironment of a gastric cancer.

Purpose of the study. A retrospective analysis of the immediate results of performing anterior rectal resections in cancer. Materials and methods. In the Department of Abdominal Oncology No. 1 with a group of X-ray vascular methods of diagnosis and treatment of the clinic of the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia treatment for rectal cancer operations of anterior rectal resection were performed in 334 patients, while in 143 (42.8 %) cases they were low. As a standard, total mesenteric excision and lymphoid dissection in volume D2 were performed. Combined surgical interventions were performed in 68 (20.4 %) patients for locally spread tumors. As a rule, they were resection in nature and were performed with tumor infiltration of adjacent organs (bladder with ureters, ovaries, uterus, vagina, small intestine, abdominal wall). Colorectal anastomosis using crosslinking devices was formed in all cases, in 316 (94.6 %) cases it was a "side – to-end" junction, in 18 patients – "end-to-end". A preventive proximal intestinal stoma was formed in 73 (21.9 %) cases, where 67 cases it was an ileostomy, and 6 – a transversostomy. The preventive proximal intestinal stoma was not formed among 261 patients. Results. After performing anterior resections for rectal cancer operations, the complications developed in 75 (22.5 %) patients. The most threatening and dangerous complication was the failure of the colorectal anastomosis, which was noted in 12 (3.5 %) cases. This complication occurred in 8.2 % (6 patients out of 73) of preventatively stomatreated patients, in 2.3 % of patients without a stoma (6 patients out of 261). Conclusion. The use of a preventive proximal intestinal stoma allows you to form a colorectal anastomosis even in the presence of complicated forms of rectal cancer. The number of complications directly referred to the formation of a preventive proximal intestinal stoma is relatively small, but when planning surgery for uncomplicated rectal cancer, the probability of their possible occurrence should be taken into account.

СПЛЕН-СОХРАНЯЮЩИЕ ДИСТАЛЬНЫЕ РЕЗЕКЦИИ ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ ПРИ НЕЙРОЭНДОКРИННЫХ ОПУХОЛЯХ Трифанов В.С. 1 , Колесников Е.Н. 1 , Снежко А.В. 1 , Санамянц С.В. 1 , Кожушко М.А. 1 , Аверкин М.А. 1 , Кациева Т.Б

1ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии», Ростов-на-Дону, e-mail: trifan1975@yandex.ru Несмотря на то что с каждым годом растет количество сообщений об эффективности и безопасности ССДР ПЖ, еще не представляется возможным однозначно судить о том, оправданно ли выполнение ССДР ПЖ при НЭО. В данной статье приводятся результаты ретроспективного исследования, проведенного на базе ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии» МЗ РФ в период с 2011 по 2020 год, в которое было включено 9 пациентов, прооперированных методом ССДР ПЖ. Среднее время оперативного вмешательства составило 155 минут в группе открытых ССДР ПЖ и 147 минут в группе лапароскопических ССДР ПЖ. Уровни кровопотери составили 110 мл и 115 мл при открытых и лапароскопических ССДР ПЖ соответственно. Среднее время пребывания пациентов в стационаре после открытой ССДР ПЖ составило 10 дней, тогда как у пациентов после лапароскопической ССДР ПЖ – 7 дней. На сегодняшний день среднее время наблюдения составляет 85 месяцев, показатель 5летней выживаемости в группе пациентов после открытой ССДР ПЖ достигает 96,5%, а в группе после лапароскопической ССДР ПЖ – 100%. Все пациенты чувствуют себя удовлетворительно, регулярно проходят контрольные обследования и наблюдаются у онколога по месту жительства. Ключевые слова: нейроэндокринные опухоли, сплен-сохраняющие резекции, 5-летняя выживаемость, лимфодиссекция.

Aim. To study the functioning of the anal sphincter after performing anterior rectum resection in cancer patients.Materials and methods. The anal sphincter function was studied in 144 patients with colorectal cancer, equally in 72 men and 72 women. The study was carried out at the Rostov Cancer Research Institute. All patients underwent R0 anterior rectum resection with the total mesorectumectomy and the formation of a preventive ileostomy. An assessment of the retention function was performed by sphincterometry using a manometric complex with a nonperfusion water-filling sensor according to the generally accepted method.Results. Disturbances in the normal functioning of the sphincter were noted in 24 (16.7 %) patients. The use of sphincterometry allowed disturbances in the functioning of the internal and external anal sphincters in men and women to be identified, along with differences between the groups. The results indicate a higher incidence of anal incontinence (AI) in women compared to men (t ≥ 2, the differences are significant). In addition, patients with a lower localisation of the anastomosis demonstrated a higher incidence of AI and more pronounced AI manifestations.Conclusions. The obtained data on the functioning of the anal sphincter after anterior rectum resection in cancer patients indicate gender differences in the incidence of late complications after surgery, as well as the importance of taking into account the localisation of the tumour for selecting an adequate amount of surgical intervention.