The article considers the problem of forming a portrait of a tourist for the territory of a municipal district based on materials from open sources – social networks. The relevance of the study is related to the need to develop approaches to determining the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of visitors to local tourist destinations in the absence of centralized statistics collection. Methods and materials included a sample of 100 users of social networks (accounts) for which the territory of the Orlinovsky Municipal District is included in the area of interest, using filters in 3 ways: participation in communities found by keywords, publication of posts with a hashtag or geolocation. The analysis of sociodemographic data of users is carried out: full name (nickname), gender, date of birth (approximate age), marital status, place of residence, type of activity, place of work, education (university), stopping place in Orlinovsky MD and places of tourist interest. As a result of the analysis of profiles of 100 people, the characteristics of tourists who visited the Orlinovsky MD, their preferences for objects were obtained. It is determined that social networks are an important source of information about consumers of tourist services, including in the Orlinovsky MD. It was revealed that the Orlinovsky MD is visited mainly by residents of Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea, as well as capital cities. There is a noticeable predominance of women in the tourist flow, and a wide range of ages – from 20 to 60 years. Many tourists consider the Orlinovsky MD as a place for a short one-day vacation. Among the accommodation facilities, visitors of Orlinovsokgo MD prefer guest houses and glamping. The attractiveness of the territory of the district is provided by natural attractions.

The article is devoted to the formation of a model of tourism development of the Orlinovsky municipal district using GIS technologies. The research was performed as part of the development of a “Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Orlinovsky Municipal District” using economic-mathematical, socio-communicative, recreational-geographical scientific approaches. With the help of the QGIS software package, a database of natural and cultural-historical attractions, infrastructure facilities, tourist and recreational routes of the Orlinovsky Municipal District has been compiled and appropriate thematic layers have been created. This made it possible to develop the basic principles for the development of a model of sustainable tourism in the Orlinovsky Municipal District with the launch of a pilot experimental project for the integrated development of the territory. The goal is to preserve natural heritage and define the category of “particularly valuable lands” with the concentration of new business, tourist and recreational activities in one point in the district. The following solutions are proposed: changing the status of lands—highlighting the category of “particularly valuable lands” (land of protected areas, the entire water protection territory and lands located inside the ring road passing around the reservoir) and “development points” (territories with an area of at least 200 hectares with better logistics and transport accessibility, on which new social, tourist, recreational and business facilities will be created, utility and energy infrastructure will be provided—presumably the area of the village of Tylovoe, and in the future several areas as “growth points”); activation of entrepreneurial initiatives; formation of additional tourist display facilities and attractions; involvement of local communities in the tourist and recreational development of the territory; creation of a visitor center, etc. For sustainable development, it is necessary to create a master plan for the development of the Orlinovsky Municipal District, taking into account the priority tourist and recreational focus.

The specific issues of the arctic cruise development are highlighted for the Russian Federation. The research is based on data obtained during the expedition (July-August 2021) in the Russian Arctic National Park, located within Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya archipelagoes. The research was carried out in order to evaluate the prospects for the development of cruise tourism and identify the risks of implementing projects for the development of cruise tourism in the Russian Arctic National Park as more available for tourism territory than other Russian arctic islands. The national park is considered as a prospect site for arctic cruises operation according with the State interests to develop the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as well. Results and conclusion evidence the potential of tourism as well as describe the specific factors hindering the development of tourism there. They are associated with the peculiarities of the climate, weather and natural phenomena, the vulnerability of landscapes to anthropogenic loads and administrative and legal barriers.

АннотацияЦель.Оценка рисков, связанных с абразионными процессами побережья юго-западного Крыма на основе материалов наземных и разновременных дистанционных данных. 1 Процедура и методы.Анализ динамики линий уреза воды и кромки береговых уступов за период 2009-2019 гг.проведён на основе данных космических и аэрофотоснимков.Оценка физического риска потери земель осуществлена на основе данных о скорости отступания линии уреза и изрезанности береговой линии.Показатель удельного риска учитывает не только скорость развития процесса, но и ширину пляжа и протяжённость сектора

В статье представлены результаты оценки скорости отступания берегов Юго-Западного Крыма по данным дистанционного зондирования Земли. Побережье разделено на 12 участков, объединенных в 5 типов. The paper presents the results of assessing the rate of retreat of the shores of the Southwestern Crimea based on remote sensing data. The coast is divided into 12 sections and 5 types.

The distribution of protected plant species was analyzed on the basis of the landscape approach for the first time in the Maximov’s Dacha Nature Park (Sevastopol, Crimea). The territory of the Nature Park is characterized by high biological and landscape diversity. Thirty-eight species of vascular plants included in various Red Lists of Threatened Species and nature conservation conventions are registered in the Park. Five endemic species of Crimea are identified there. It is noted that the largest number of protected plant species belong to the families Orchidaceae, Poaceae, and Iridaceae. A landscape map was made at the level of terrain types. It is revealed that the modern landscapes of the Nature Park were formed under the influence of natural and anthropogenic processes. It is shown that the number and species composition of protected plants differ in the selected landscape complexes due to natural features and the degree of anthropogenic transformation. Description of the locations of protected plant species in the Maximov’s Dacha Nature Park enables providing long-term species observation in condition of nature protection regime. The obtained data can be used for optimization of environmental management and functional zoning of the Nature Park.

The "Flora of Russia" project on iNaturalist brought together professional scientists and amateur naturalists from all over the country. Over 3800 people participate in data collection. In one year, the participants collected over 220000 photo observations on 5689 species of the Russian flora. This is the third largest dataset of open distributional data on the country's biodiversity (and the second largest for plants), a leading source of data on the current state of the nation's flora. For most alien species, the resulting maps are the most reliable distribution maps within Russia. For many municipalities, the resulting species lists are the most complete and accurate floristic information. All project data are available under free licenses and can be freely used in scientific, educational and environmental activities.

In the paper the possibility of using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for a comprehensive geo-ecological assessment of protected areas has been considered. NDVI indicates the state of protected areas’ vegetation. As a model area, the Baidarskiy Reserve, which is located in the south-west of the Crimean Рeninsula in the administrative borders of Sevastopol, has been investigated. The results of the NDVI calculation for the landscapes of the protected areas of the Sevastopol region in general and the Baidarskiy reserve are in particular have been given. There are 36 types of landscape have been noted for the Baidarskiy Reserve, and 56 have been presented in Sevastopol. The index is calculated using the QGIS software. It is determined that NDVI differs from 0.36 for residential complexes to 0.72 for oak and beech forests on medium slope. The methodology for assessing the state of vegetation of protected areas using NDVI has been given. The contribution of NDVI to the geoecological situation has been estimated based on the deviation of the indicator from the mean value for each type of landscape. The results are translated into points. The area of landscapes with a normal state of vegetation was 67 %, critical and crisis – 17 %. The rest of the territory (15 % of the area) is attributed to the conflict geoecological situation. Based on the analysis of NDVI and the reserves of terrestrial phytomass, the areas of deteriorated vegetation for the model zakaznik have been determined. They are located on agricultural lands, burns and sparse forests. The leading ecological role of the vegetation of the Baidarskiy Reserve for the geoecological situation in the Sevastopol city has been proved.

Landscape representativeness is a key criterion for the territorial protection of nature. Sevastopol belongs to the regions leading in the share of nature protection areas (NPAs). The landscape map of Sevastopol was updated using the GIS technologies to become a basis for calculation and analysis of the landscape representativeness of NPAs. Specific features of the network of NPAs, which include water areas, landscape, botanical and complex protected objects of regional status, are discussed. The proportion of NPAs in the total area is very high, but they are distributed extremely unevenly. The following landscapes have the highest share of NPAs: broadleaf and pine forests of the northern macroslope of the mountains (67% of the landscape area), mountain meadows and mountain forest-steppe on the karst plateaus (87%) and forests of the Southern coast of Crimea (52%). At the same time some landscapes have very low share of NPAs: mixed grass steppes, shiblyak thickets, forest-steppe and oak forests of the foothills (0,2%) and the marine areas (2,3%).

В статье приведены рекомендации по организации системы рекреационного мониторинга Большой севастопольской тропы (БСТ), как регионального маршрута активного туризма.В их основу положены многолетние исследования авторов в сфере рекреационной дигрессии разных типов ландшафтов г

The article considers the possibilities of applying GIS technologies for functional zoning of specially protected natural areas (PAs) using the Sevastopol landscape reserves as an example. Presented are the results of the inventory of distribution of rare protected species of flora on the territory of the Sevastopol protected areas – the “Baydarskiy” and “Cape Aya” landscape reserves. Using MapInfo Professional software, version 12.0, a database of the rare species of flora of the reserves developed along with their georeferencing to the territory, and a thematic layer was created. It determined that for the “Baydarskiy” landscape reserve territory there are 116 species of plants listed in various nature protection lists, and for the “Cape Aya” reserve – 56 species. The results of the analysis of distribution of rare species of plants and plant communities on the landscape reserve territories are presented. A method is provided for determining the boundaries of the functional zones of the landscape reserves based on the conjugate analysis of electronic vegetation maps, rare flora fractions, transport routes, settlements, and existing zoning schemes. The functional zoning of the “Baydarskiy” and “Cape Aya” landscape reserves has been corrected. For the “Baydarskiy” landscape reserve, a zoning scheme has been developed with the expansion of the number of functional zones according to the Russian Federation legislation, an increase in the share of limited-use lands from 11.4 % to 16.3 %, and a slight reduction in the area of economic purpose and recreation. In the proposed scheme for the functional zoning of the “Cape Aya” reserve, the protected area outlined containing the locations of the most valuable plant communities of Greek juniper and Stankevich’s pine, along with a specially protected zone with sites of rare species; the recreational zone is reduced in area and along the coastline.